下关一中教育集团2023～2024学年高二年级上学期段考(二)
英语试卷
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。
3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时 120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a stadium. B. In a cafeteria. C. In a hotel.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: What kind of room would you prefer
M: I prefer a room facing the street. Well, do you provide free Wi-Fi
W: Yes, the Wi-Fi is free.
M: Okay, what is the password
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do tonight
A. Reschedule the meeting. B. Join a sports club. C. See a doctor.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m sorry James, I can’t make the sports club meeting tonight.
M: That’s okay Is everything alright
W: Yeah, I just have an appointment at the clinic right in the middle of the meeting time.
M: No problem. We can’t reschedule it but I hope to see you next week!
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How did the man get the news
A. He visited the school website. B. He got the news from an email. C. He was informed by the woman.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: You look so excited. What is the good news
M: I was informed that I was admitted to my dream university.
W: Congratulations to you. By the way, who told you the good news
M: The staff in the university sent me an email.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man imply
A. His wife adores the hat. B. The woman’s hat bothers him. C. His wife finds the hat disgusting.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Pardon me, sir. Does my hat bother you
M: No, but it bothers my wife. She wants one like it.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where will the man be at 11:00
A. At the airport. B. At the office. C. At the restaurant.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Mr. White. Do you think it’s possible for us to talk sometime today
M: I’d love to, but I have got a pretty tight schedule today. I have got to finish reading the yearly financial report by 10:00. Then I have to drive to the airport to pick up an agent at 11:00. After that, I will have a meeting with him over lunch. Maybe I can spare some time after lunch.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Who will be the audience for the man’s presentation
A. His tutor. B. Senior students. C. Freshmen.
7. Where is the presentation going to be held
A. In the school library. B. In the school theatre. C. In the Students’ Union.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Frank, why have you borrowed so many books from the library
M: Er I just have to make a good preparation for my presentation.
W: Presentation When
M: Next Friday afternoon. And there will be 40 first-year students there as my audience, but my tutor will be on her business trip then.
W: And the place
M: We had planned to have it in the Students’ Union, but it’s under maintenance unfortunately, so the school theatre is the final decision.
W: I e on! You will do a great job!
M: Thank you!
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What will the woman do first
A. Create real conversations.
B. Get familiar with the given context.
C. Write the story in a different tone.
9. Which part should be paid more attention to according to the man
A. The setting. B. The plots. C. The characters.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】W: My teacher asked us to write a continuation of a story. I have no idea now. Alan, can you teach me
M: Well, in my opinion, you need to understand what has really happened in the story, and create authentic dialogues. You are supposed to write in the same tone.
W: Wow, I guess I need to learn and absorb the information in the story first.
M: Yes. What’s more, you should focus on the setting, the plots and the characters you write.
W: Which part of writing should I especially focus on
M: I think it’s the setting. Without it, you can’t frame your whole story well.
W: Thank you. What you said benefits me a lot.
M: Not at all.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. In what way was the handshake impressing
A. Flexi shook hands with a human for the first time.
B. Flexi offered to shake hands with the woman.
C. Flexi moved his hand just as the woman did.
11. Where are Flexi’s visual sensors
A. In his head. B. In his hands. C. In his chest.
12. When did the first version of the robot come into being
A. In 1993. B. In 2000. C. In 2023.
13. What can we learn about Flexi
A. He is used in special situations.
B. He is controlled by a computer system.
C. He doesn’t need human intervention at all.
【答案】10. C 11. A 12. B 13. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Tonight, on our show, we have Professor Phillip Jacob, and with him, Flexi — the world’s most advanced robot.
M: Good evening. I am very pleased to be here with my friend, Flexi.
W: Good evening, Flexi. And let me tell all of you that this is definitely the first time I have ever shaken hands with a real live robot! That handshake was rather impressing — he was able to move his hand exactly at the right times and at the same speed as I moved my hand!
M: He has two visual sensors in his head, and he can also sense movement and pressure in his hands. He is able to recognize your hand movements as a wish to shake hands.
W: Amazing! Tell us a little about how Flexi came into being.
M: Well, Flexi is the latest of twelve versions of the robot since we started developing it in around 1993. It took us seven years to invent the first one. In the following 23 years, our aim has always been to produce a robot which can help people in their everyday tasks.
W: Does Flexi have someone controlling him offstage
M: No, he’s able to get things done by himself thanks to a high-tech computer system which he carries around with him.
W: I can’t see anything. Where is it then
M: It’s actually located inside his chest area.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. Why does the woman invite the man to the beach
A. To relax. B. To see a whale. C. To collect trash.
15. Who will deal with the collected garbage
A. The community. B. The government. C. A recycling firm.
16. What is the woman like
A. Generous. B. Responsible. C. Emotional.
【答案】14. C 15. C 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Kevin, let’s go to the beach!
M: The beach I’m too lazy to go there. Why don’t we go somewhere else, Betty
W: There is some community work to be done there. We can clean up the beach. We can collect a lot of plastic garbage too.
M: What for It’s the government’s responsibility. Besides, why should we collect all of the plastic garbage
W: Kevin, you don’t know the harm the plastic does to the ocean. Plastic can pollute the ocean and, in turn, harm fish and other ocean life. We should care about what happens to the ocean. Didn’t you hear about that dead whale’s stomach that was full of plastic garbage
M: Oh, yes. I heard about that. But what will we do with the plastic garbage we collect
W: We will take all of the plastic to a company that can recycle it.
M: I see.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Why did Yang Mei return to her hometown
A. To learn tea planting. B. To look after her father. C. To work as a village leader.
18. Who helped Yang Mei with money to realize her dream
A. Her family. B. Tea farmers. C. The local government.
19. When did Yang Mei initially launch her tea company
A. In 1980. B. In 2000. C. In 2008.
20. How did Yang Mei help villagers increase their incomes
A. Cooperate with them to export tea.
B. Hire them to work in the company.
C. Help promote their products in local towns.
【答案】17. A 18. A 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Yang Mei, born in the 1980s, is a tea farmer in Guizhou province. After graduating from university in 2000, she returned to her hometown to learn tea planting from her father. Also this is her dream to be achieved. With financial support from her family, Yang built a tea farm. In 2008, she established a tea company and increased investment to improve tea planting and making technology, and increase tea production. In 2017, her tea company cooperated with tea farms in other local towns. Over the past 20 years, Yang has set up seven tea farm bases, and the company has hired more than 900 villagers living in a poor state as seasonal employees to help increase their incomes. Her company exports black tea and green tea to countries such as Britain, Russia and the United States.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
2023 Youth Writing Contest: Competition Finals!
We received over 430 submissions from 30 cities across the Mainland for our 2023 Youth Writing Contest, exceeding all our expectations!
The next step Having finalists read their work live at our Live Reading Party in Shanghai. Can’t make it to Shanghai No problem! You can join us via Tencent Meeting to read your story to our audience and judges.
We’ve narrowed down the pack down to 35 finalists, who have been notified via email—so please look out for an email from That’s Marketing!
If you have not received an email, it means you have not been selected as a final ist this year, but some really good entries just missed out, so we encourage you to try again next year!
We’d like to invite everyone—those who submitted works, those who considered doing so and those who are simply interested to join us—from 2—6 pm on Sunday, November 19 at Lounge by Topgolf, Shanghai, to celebrate our country’s budding writers and poets.
Each finalist will read his or her piece aloud in front of an audience and panel of judges(in person or via Tencent Meeting). Our esteemed judges will then pick three winners in each of the three age categories, with the winning submissions to be published in the January 2024 issue of Urban Family magazine.
Finalists and one other family member will be given FREE tickets! If you’d like more, you can purchase them for just RMB 50 (which includes free flow soft drinks). Click below to purchase these very limited tickets.
If you have any questions, please contact us by scanning the QR code below or adding our marketing WeChat.
21. Who are the target audience of this article
A. 35 finalists notified through email. B. All competitors who submitted works.
C. Our country’s promising writers and poets. D. Those who are interested in Youth Writing Contest.
22. How will the final winning submissions be determined
A. Urban Family magazine will pick out winners.
B. Audience will vote for winners via Tencent Meeting.
C. Judges determine winners after listening to finalists.
D. Topgolf, Shanghai will select winners in each age group.
23. How much need a finalist with his/her parents pay for admission
A. Nothing. B. RMB 50. C. RMB 100. D. RMB150.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了青少年写作大赛终极决赛相关事项的通知和说明。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“2023 Youth Writing Contest: Competition Finals!”（2023青少年作文大赛：决赛！）以及第五段中“We’d like to invite everyone—those who submitted works, those who considered doing so and those who are simply interested to join us.”（我们邀请所有提交作品的人、考虑提交作品的人以及有兴趣的人加入我们。）可推知，这篇文章的目标读者是对青少年写作比赛感兴趣的同学。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“Each finalist will read his or her piece aloud in front of an audience and panel of judges(in person or via Tencent Meeting). Our esteemed judges will then pick three winners in each of the three age categories, with the winning submissions to be published in the January 2024 issue of Urban Family magazine.”（每位决赛选手将在观众和评委面前大声朗读自己的作品(亲自或通过腾讯会议)。然后，我们尊敬的评委将在三个年龄组中各选出三名获奖者，获奖作品将发表在2024年1月的《城市家庭》杂志上。）可知，主办方采用的决赛方式是入围选手亲自到场或通过腾讯会议在网上或在评委面前朗诵自己作品，评委决定获胜者。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段“Finalists and one other family member will be given FREE tickets! If you’d like more, you can purchase them for just RMB 50(which includes free flow soft drinks).”（入围者和另一位家庭成员将获得免费门票！如果你想要更多，你可以花50元人民币购买(包括免费软饮料)。）可知票价为50元，决赛选手和一位家人可以免费入场。故选B。
B
“If you feel unloved, go mountain climbing, after which you will feel so exhausted that you won’t think about it.” Recently, a self-made sign post at Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan province has trended on social media platforms. Many people go to the mountain to take pictures with the sign. Mountain hiking has become a new trend for people looking for beautiful autumn views.
One can find the sign on a small road near the west gate of the mountain. The sign has also become a must visit for travelers. One netizen joked that it is vital to climb the mountain. Another said if you feel unloved, go working, and then you will also be exhausted and get paid.
A staff member from the Yuelu Mountain scenic spot management office said the office did not put up the sign, but it has become famous.
A milk tea store at the foot of the mountain has launched an “unloved” specialty and many travelers bring bumper stickers that say “unloved” while looking for the “unloved” sign, the staff said.
The sign was actually put up by mountain climbing lovers. The “heart-shaped track” on Yuelu Mountain has also trended at social media platforms recently, with netizens exploring a new track to climb the mountain, which forms the shape of a heart. While one can reach the mountain top, which is about 300 meters high, in about 30 minutes via a concrete road, the heart-shaped track is much longer and takes about three to four hours to complete.
ICE (pseudonym), 28, said she and her friends tried the heart-shaped track a few days ago and did not feel very tired. “Many people do not exercise often and are not in very good health, so the sign is a way to joke about mountain climbing,” she said.
24. Which word could best describe the milk tea store keeper
A. Smart. B. Committed.
C. Industrious. D. Unrealistic.
25. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Many people feel unloved nowadays. B. Working is more rewarding than hiking.
C. Being exhausted is the best cure for a broken heart. D. People have different interpretations of the sign post.
26. What can be learned about the “heart-shaped track”
A. Whoever takes it could find true love. B. It is more demanding than another route.
C. Both the sign and the track are practical jokes. D. The management office designs the track this autumn.
27. What could be a suitable title for the passage
A. A Signpost Shoot to Fame Online B. Hiking is A Good Way to Find Love
C. Yuelu Mountain, A Famous Scenic Spot D. Mountain Hiking, A Fashionable Trend
【答案】24 A 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了长沙市岳麓山景区一块路牌走红网络。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘If you feel unloved, go mountain climbing, after which you will feel so exhausted that you won’t think about it.’ Recently, a self-made sign post at Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan province has trended on social media platforms. Many people go to the mountain to take pictures with the sign. Mountain hiking has become a new trend for people looking for beautiful autumn views.(“如果你觉得没人爱你，那就去爬山吧，然后你就会觉得筋疲力尽，根本不会去想它。”近日，湖南省长沙市岳麓山自制的指示牌在社交媒体平台上走红。许多人去山上和这个标志合影。对于寻找美丽秋景的人们来说，登山已经成为一种新趋势。)”和第四段中“A milk tea store at the foot of the mountain has launched an ‘unloved’ specialty (山脚下的一家奶茶店推出了一种“没人爱”的特色产品)”可推知，奶茶店为登山寻找“没人爱”指示牌的游客定制了“没人爱”特色奶茶，说明店主非常精明，把握住了商机。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“One netizen joked that it is vital to climb the mountain. Another said if you feel unloved, go working, and then you will also be exhausted and get paid. (一位网友开玩笑说，爬这座山非常有必要。另一个人说，如果你觉得不被爱，那就去工作，然后你也会很累，也会得到报酬。) ”可知，对于登山看网红路牌，网友们有不同的理解和想法，故“People have different interpretations of the sign post.(人们对路标有不同的理解。)”是正确表述。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“While one can reach the mountain top, which is about 300meters high, in about 30 minutes via a concrete road, the heart-shaped track is much longer and takes about three to four hours to complete.(通过混凝土道路可以在30分钟左右到达300米高的山顶，但心形轨道要长得多，需要3至4个小时才能走完。)”可知，心形步道更费时费力。故选B项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“‘If you feel unloved, go mountain climbing, after which you will feel so exhausted that you won’t think about it.’ Recently, a self-made sign post at Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan province has trended on social media platforms. Many people go to the mountain to take pictures with the sign. Mountain hiking has become a new trend for people looking for beautiful autumn views.(“如果你觉得没人爱你，那就去爬山吧，然后你就会觉得筋疲力尽，根本不会去想它。”近日，湖南省长沙市岳麓山自制的指示牌在社交媒体平台上走红。许多人去山上和这个标志合影。对于寻找美丽秋景的人们来说，登山已经成为一种新趋势。)”可知，本文报道了长沙市岳麓山景区一块路牌走红网络，所以“A Signpost Shoot to Fame Online(一块路牌在网上一举成名)”为本文最佳标题。故选A项。
C
1 It is commonly believed that teens’ preference for waking up and staying up later was driven by social forces—the pressures of school, the pleasures of partying. Mary Carskadon at Brown University, Rhode Island, however, assumed that biological factors might be responsible.
2 To test that theory, she surveyed 2000 schoolchildren across the US on their preferred and actual bedtimes and wake times; the times of day when they felt most or least attentive and energetic; and their physical development. The results pointed to biology. Sixth-graders ( aged 11or 12) scored higher on “eveningness” and lower on “morningness” than younger children, even though they occupied the same social background—a tendency that connected with their stage of puberty (青春期). In earlier studies, Carskadon had shown adolescents need more sleep than younger kids to avoid daytime sleepiness. Therefore, she and her team concluded, the practice of ringing the morning bell earlier at middle schools (for 1 1 to 13-year-olds) and high schools (for ages 14 to 18) than at elementary schools “may run exactly oppose to children’s biological needs”.
3 Carskadon went on to confirm her findings using more direct methods, such as measuring levels of melatonin (褪黑激素) in teens’ saliva (唾液) round the clock. In response, a growing number of local governments in US began pushing back start times in middle and high schools. Further research linked such moves to higher test scores, as well as lower rates of depression, substance use, illness and vehicular accidents.
4 In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start the day no earlier than 8: 30 am. The American Psychological Association and the American Medical Association later followed suit. In 2019, California became the first US state to pass laws based on those guidelines. This May, Florida became the second. Meanwhile, school districts from Australia to South Korea have launched similar reforms.
28. What did Carskadon believe caused teenagers waking up and staying up later
A. Social factors. B. Academic burden.
C. Biological elements. D. The pleasure of having parties.
29. What conclusion was drawn from Carskadon’s tests
A. Her assumption was totally baseless. B. Younger children tended to stay up later.
C. Younger children and teens had a lot in common. D. Physiological stage affected teen’s sleep behaviors.
30. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. Pushing back middle school start times is beneficial. B. Direct methods are adopted in Carskadon’s research.
C. Carskadon’s research needed further improvements. D. Some middle schools started their school later now.
31. Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase in paragraph 4
A. Broke down barriers. B. Acted in the same way.
C. Convinced the authority. D. Raised people’s awareness.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 主要介绍的是Brown University的研究者 Mary Carskadon发现青春期孩子受生理因素影响而倾向于晚睡晚起，作为对该研究的响应，很多地方政府推迟了初中和高中的上课时间。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段中的“Mary Carskadon at Brown University, Rhode Island, however, assumed that biological factors might be responsible.(然而罗德岛Brown University的Mary Carskadon认为生理因素对此负责。)”可知，Mary Carskadon认为是生理因素应对青少年晚睡晚起负责，由此可知，她认为生理原因而非社会原因导致青少年晚睡晚起。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“The results pointed to biology. Sixth-graders (aged 11 or 12) scored higher on ‘eveningness’ and lower on ‘morningness’ than younger children, even though they occupied the same social background—a tendency that connected with their stage of puberty(青春期). (结果指向生物学。六年级学生（11岁或12岁）比年幼的孩子在“夜猫子”方面得分更高，在“早起”方面得分更低，尽管他们拥有相同的社会背景——这种倾向与他们的青春期阶段有关。)”可知，六年级的孩子比年幼的孩子晚睡得分更高，早起的饭更低，这种倾向与他们的青春期阶段相关，由此可知，Carskadon得出来的结论是生理发育期影响了青少年的睡眠行为。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In response, a growing number of local governments in US began pushing back start times in middle and high schools. Further research linked such moves to higher test scores, as well as lower rates of depression, substance use, illness and vehicular accidents. (作为回应，美国越来越多的地方政府开始推迟初中和高中的上课时间。进一步的研究表明，这些举动与更高的考试成绩、更低的抑郁、药物使用、疾病和交通事故发生率有关。)”可知，很多地方政府推迟了初中和高中的上课时间，进一步的研究表明。推迟上课时间与考试成绩、更低的抑郁、药物使用、疾病和交通事故发生率相关，由此可推知，延迟中学上学时间是有好处的。故选A项。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的“In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start the day no earlier than 8: 30 am.(2014年，美国儿科学会建议，初中和高中每天的起床时间不早于早上8:30。)”可知，美国儿科学会建议初中和高中每天起床时间不早于早上8:30，结合下文中的“In 2019, California became the first US state to pass laws based on those guidelines.(2019年，加利福尼亚州成为美国第一个根据这些指导方针通过法律的州。)”可知，根据这些知道方针，加州成为第一个根据这些指导方针通过法律的州，由此可推断，划线短语所在的句子讲述的内容应应与其上下文相同，所以，划线短语所在句子表示的应是“美国心理协会和美国医学协会后来也采取相同的行动。”，所以划线短语的意思应与“采取相同的行动”意义相近。故选B项。
D
Some insects contain poisons that do not affect an insect-eating bird until after the bird has swallowed one of them. Being swallowed is almost always fatal for these insects. How does an insect benefit by containing a poison that is effective only after it has been killed and eaten
This paradox (悖论) is resolved once we realize that birds, which are made ill by the poison but are rarely killed by it, soon learn to recognize the warning signals of poisonous insects and reject them on sight. Eating a poisonous insect is an educational experience for predators, and thus the death of the insect victim (受害者) serves to protect other members of its own species.
On one hand, if these other members of the species are relatives of the victim—perhaps its own offspring, siblings, or first cousins—their genetic makeup will be similar to the victim’s, and many of the victim’s genes will survive in them.
On the other hand, an insect’s survival fitness is not improved if it kills the bird that eats it. Indeed, the victim benefits if the bird survives after eating the victim and becoming aware of its poisonous properties.
How come Most birds are territorial. They live in a small and delimited area from which they keep out members of their own species other than their mates. If the poisonous insect species does live within, or at least pass through, the territory of some bird, the bird will leave them alone because it has been taught not to attack them by the death of their relative. But if the territory-holding bird is killed, it will almost immediately be replaced by a wandering member of its own species, a floater that is still searching for a territory of its own. When an experienced predator (捕食者) that has learned not to attack the insects in question is replaced by a floater that happens to be inexperienced, the relatives of the insect victim do not benefit from its death. Thus protective systems based on benign poisons are far more likely to evolve and continue than systems based on deadly poisons.
32. What is the function of the opening paragraph
A. To clarify a concept. B. To provoke thinking.
C. To emphasis the topic. D. To introduce a conclusion.
33. Why is eating a poisonous insect an educational experience for birds
A. Birds will learn to avoid poisonous insects.
B. Birds will take in adequate nutrition afterwards.
C. Birds will warn their members of the potential danger.
D. Birds will adapt themselves to eating poisonous insects.
34. What would be the consequence if poisonous insects were fatal to the birds
A. Birds would have wider territories. B. Insects and birds would live in harmony.
C. Both insects and predators would suffer loss. D. Insects would become the owner of the territory.
35. Which proverb can interpret the insects’ protective system in a way
A. Like cures like. B. Little things amuse little minds.
C. Live and let live. D. A close mouth catches no flies.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昆虫和鸟类之间微妙的生态平衡关系。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Some insects contain poisons that do not affect an insect-eating bird until after the bird has swallowed one of them. Being swallowed is almost always fatal for these insects. How does an insect benefit by containing a poison that is effective only after it has been killed and eaten ( 有些昆虫含有毒素，只有当食虫鸟吞下其中一种昆虫后，才会对其产生影响。对这些昆虫来说，被吞下几乎总是致命的。一只昆虫具有一种在被杀死吃掉后才有效的毒性有什么益处呢 )”可推知，第一段旨在引发读者思考文章中看似奇怪的现象。故选 B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“This paradox(悖论) is resolved once we realize that birds, which are made ill by the poison but are rarely killed by it, soon learn to recognize the warning signals of poisonous insects and reject them on sight. (这一悖论可以找到解释, 一旦我们意识到，鸟类因为那种并不致命的毒感觉难受后，很快就学会了识别有毒昆虫的警告信号， 一看到它们就避开了)”可知，对鸟类来说，吃毒虫是一种教育体验，可以学会避开有毒的昆虫。故选 A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“When an experienced predator(捕食者) that has learned not to attack the insects in question is replaced by a floater that happens to be inexperienced, the relatives of the insect victim do not benefit from its death. Thus protective systems based on benign poisons are far more likely to evolve and continue than systems based on deadly poisons. (当一只已经学会不去攻击有毒昆虫的有经验的捕食者被一个没经验的流浪者代替，那只被吃掉的昆虫的亲戚们就不能从它的死亡中获益。因此比起基于致死毒性的系统而言，建立在良性中毒基础上的系统更有可能进化和延续下去)”可推知， 如果昆虫的毒性致死的话，身为捕食者的鸟类和被吃掉的昆虫都没有好处。故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。 A. Like cures like. 以毒攻毒; B. Little things amuse little minds. 小人志卑;D. A close mouth catches no flies 祸从口出(入)。根据全文内容，特别是倒数第二段“On the other hand, an insect’s survival fitness is not improved if it kills the bird that eats it. Indeed, the victim benefits if the bird survives after eating the victim and becoming aware of its poisonous properties.(另一方面，如果昆虫杀死了吃它的鸟，它的生存适应性并没有提高。事实上，如果鸟类在吃了受害者并意识到其有毒特性后幸存下来，受害者就会受益。)”可推知，文章讲述了食物链中捕食者鸟类和被捕猎者昆虫之间通过不致死的良性中毒保持微妙的平衡，可以用C. “Live and let live. (相互宽容,互不干扰)”来解读。A. Like cures like. 以毒攻毒；B. Little things amuse little minds.小人志卑；D. A close mouth catches no flies 祸从口出(入)。故选 C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Human Translation Is Better Than Machine
Will AI take the place of human translators ____36____ . In the following sections, we will explore four reasons why human translation will always be better than machine translation.
[1]. Machines cannot express feelings and emotions like humans
Nowadays, soft skills like communication and relationship building are more important at work than technical skills. AI systems are indeed fast, rational, and accurate. ____37____ . In fact, these are the very skills that make us human. Humans can gain information from non-verbal cues, while machines just can’t.
[2]. ____38____
Only a human translator can match and reproduce the style and tone of the source document accurately. With a machine translation, the intended tone and intricate nuances of the original document often get lost. This results in a rather flat and soulless end result. Translating some texts, such as poems and argumentative essays, is challenging for machines. Robots are unable to convey the feeling of the text, resulting in a flat translation.
[3]. Machines can’t keep up with language changes
Machine translation software has to be constantly updated to keep up with these changes. Updating these programs is challenging because they are based on a sophisticated algorithmic system. Human translators, on the other hand, do not have to deal with such difficulties. As we all know, humans are much more adaptable. ____39____ .
[4]. Machines don’t understand complex human cultures
When it comes to cultural translations, some words may have a specific meaning in one culture but a completely different meaning in another. In fact, in some occasions, even human translators have difficulty achieving a perfect translation, let alone a machine translator.
____40____ . It has come a long way in recent years, but it still has a long way to go. A professional human-based translation service is still by far the best option for translating high-quality content.
A. Style and tone may be beyond a machine’s ability
B. A translation cannot be complete without the human touch
C. There’s no denying the importance of machine translation
D. Simply put, there is no replacement for human translation
E. Nevertheless, they are not insightful, empathetic, or culturally sensitive
F. A machine translator can never match the intelligence of a human being
G. Hence they can keep up with language changes faster than any AI program
【答案】36. D 37. E 38. A 39. G 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章论述了人类翻译比人工智能翻译优越的四个理由。
【36题详解】
根据空前“Will AI take the place of human translators (人工智能将会取代人类翻译吗？)”可知，空前提出问题，空后作者给出自己的回答。由此可知，D项Simply put, there is no replacement for human translation.(简而言之，人类的翻译无法取代)符合语境，在此处承上启下，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据空前“AI systems are indeed fast, rational, and accurate.(人工智能的确快速，有逻辑和准确)”和空后“In fact, these are the very skills that make us human.(事实上那些技能为人类专有)”可知，此空和前文构成转折关系，故E项 Nevertheless, they are not insightful, empathetic, or culturally sensitive.(然而它们并不具备洞察力、共情能力、文化感知力)符合文意，和上文形成转折关系，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【38题详解】
根据段落首句“Only a human translator can match and reproduce the style and tone of the source document accurately.(只有人类翻译者能准确匹配复制原文档的风格和口气)”可知，A项Style and tone may be beyond a machine’s ability.(风格和口气超出了机器能力范围)是全段的标题，总结该段内容，紧扣关键词style and tone。故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据空前“As we all know, humans are much more adaptable.(我们都知道，人类更能适应)”可知，G项Hence they can keep up with language changes faster than any AI program.(因此他们能比任何一款人工智能更快地跟上语言的变化)符合文意，和前文构成因果关系，上下文紧密连接。故选G项。
【40题详解】
根据空后“It has come a long way in recent years, but it still has a long way to go.(人工智能近年来发展很快，但还有很长的路要走)”可知，人工智能还有很长的路要走。由此可知，C项There’s no denying the importance of machine translation.(并非要否认机器翻译的重要性)符合文意，和下文构成解释关系，上下文紧密连接。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few years ago, I was giving a presentation to the CEO of a financial services company, outlining a speech on “Leadership Presence”, which I was ____41____ to deliver to his organization the next day.
Our meeting lasted thirty minutes, and through that entire time, the CEO sat at the conference table with his ___42___ tightly crossed. He didn’t once smile, lean forward or nod encouragement. When I finished, he said thank you and glanced at the doorway to indicate that we were ____43____ .
I was sure that his nonverbal ____44____ was telling me that my speaking engagement would be canceled. But when I walked to the elevator, the executive’s assistant came to tell me how ____45____ her boss had been with my presentation.
I was shocked and asked how he would have ____46____ had he not liked it. “Oh,” said the assistant, ____47____ ,“He would have ____48____ as you were speaking and walked out of the room.”
The ____49____ signals I’d received from that CEO were ones I judged to be _____50_____ . What I didn’t realize was that, for this individual, it was his _____51_____ behavior.
Just as I _____52_____ that executive’s body language, when people don’t know how you usually behave they also can easily _____53_____ to the wrong conclusion. Remember this when meeting someone _____54_____ . They won’t know that you _____55_____ frown when you’re concentrating and may think the frown is a negative reaction to something she said or did.
41. A. challenged B. labeled C. appealed D. scheduled
42. A. arms B. thumbs C. heart D. mind
43. A. ahead B. through C. in D. down
44. A. warning B. inquiry C. communication D. prohibition
45. A. rewarding B. impressed C. embarrassed D. distracting
46. A. reacted B. varied C. witnessed D. detected
47. A. sneezing B. waving C. smiling D. weeping
48. A. climbed up B. taken up C. made up D. gotten up
49. A. non-stop B. non-native C. nonsense D. nonverbal
50. A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. indifferent
51. A. normal B. moral C. model D. noble
52. A. pirated B. misread C. revealed D. employed
53. A. jump B. support C. approve D. test
54. A. at table B. on the move C. for the first time D. in this sense
55. A. slightly B. instantly C. habitually D. ultimately
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者亲身的经历，由此说明人们可能会对别人的肢体语言产生误解的几种常见的情况及原因。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我给一家金融服务公司的首席执行官做报告，概述了一篇关于“领导力存在”的演讲，我计划第二天在他的组织里发表演讲。A. challenged挑战；B. labeled贴标签；C. appealed呼吁；D. scheduled计划。根据下文“deliver to his organization the next day”第二天在他的组织里发表演讲，由此可知，此处应表示作者第二天计划做的事情。be scheduled to do“计划做某事”。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的会议持续了30分钟，在整个过程中，首席执行官一直紧紧地交叉着双臂坐在会议桌旁。A. arms胳膊；B. thumbs拇指；C. heart心；D. mind头脑。根据上文“the CEO sat at the conference table”以及下文“tightly crossed”由此可知，此处应表示首席执行官一直紧紧地交叉着双臂坐在会议桌旁。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：当我结束时，他说谢谢你，并瞟了一眼门口，表示我们已经结束了。A. ahead在前面；B. through结束；C. in在里面；D. down向下的。根据上文“When I finished”可知，此处应表示当我结束时，他说谢谢你，并瞟了一眼门口，表示我们已经结束了。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我确信他的非语言交流是在告诉我，我的演讲预约将被取消。A. warning警告；B. inquiry咨询；C. communication交流；D. prohibition禁止。根据上文提到的他一次也没有微笑、身体前倾或点头鼓励。以及下文“was telling me that my speaking engagement would be canceled.”可知，此处应表示他的非语言交流是在告诉我，我的演讲预约将被取消。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我走向电梯时，行政助理走过来告诉我，她的老板对我的报告印象非常深刻。A. rewarding值得的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. distracting分散注意力的。根据上文提到的作者认为他的的演讲预约将被取消，以及该句中的but转折和下文“I was shocked”可推知，此处应表示她的老板对我的报告印象非常深刻。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很震惊，问他如果不喜欢会有什么反应。A. reacted反应；B. varied变化；C. witnessed目睹；D. detected查明。根据下文“He would have ____8____ as you were speaking and walked out of the room.”可知，此处应表示作者问他如果不喜欢会有什么反应。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：助手微笑着说，“他会在你说话的时候站起来走出房间的。”A. sneezing打喷嚏； B. waving摇摆；C. smiling微笑；D. weeping哭泣。根据上下文语境以及作者问助理如果老板不喜欢会有什么反应，可推知，此处应表示助手微笑着回答作者的问题。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：助手微笑着说，“他会在你说话的时候站起来走出房间的。”A. climbed up爬上去；B. taken up占用；C. made up组成；D. gotten up站起来。根据下文“and walked out of the room.”可知，此处应表示他会在你说话的时候站起来走出房间的。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从CEO那里得到的非语言信号，我认为是消极的。A. non-stop不间断的；B. non-native非本地的；C. nonsense无意义的，荒谬的；D. nonverbal非语言的。根据上文“I was sure that his nonverbal…”可知，此处应表示作者从CEO那里得到的非语言信号，认为是消极的。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从CEO那里得到的非语言信号，我认为是消极的。A. positive积极的；B. negative消极的；C. neutral中立的；D. indifferent漠不关心的。根据上文提到的作者确信他的演讲预约将被取消，由此可知，此处应表示作者从CEO那里得到的非语言信号，认为是消极的。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到的是，对于这个人来说，这是他的正常行为。A. normal正常的；B. moral道德的；C. model现代的；D. noble高贵的。根据上下文语境以及上文“What I didn’t realize was that”可知，此处应表示作者没有意识到这是他的正常行为。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像我误读了那位高管的肢体语言一样，当人们不知道你通常的行为方式时，他们也很容易得出错误的结论。A. pirated盗版；B. misread误读；C. revealed揭露；D. employed雇佣。根据下文“that executive’s body language”以及下文“when people don’t know how you usually behave they also can easily ____13____ to the wrong conclusion.”可知，人们不知道你通常的行为方式时，可能会出现错误的结论，由此可推知，此处应表示作者误读了那位高管的肢体语言。故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像我误读了那位高管的肢体语言一样，当人们不知道你通常的行为方式时，他们也很容易得出错误的结论。A. jump (to)立即下结论；B. support支持；C. approve赞同；D. test测试。根据上文“when people don’t know how you usually behave”以及下文“the wrong conclusion”可知，此处应表示当人们不知道你通常的行为方式时，他们也很容易得出错误的结论。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：当你第一次和别人见面时，请记住这一点。A. at table在餐桌边；B. on the move在移动中；C. for the first time第一次；D. in this sense在这个意义上。根据上文提到的当人们不知道你通常的行为方式时，他们也很容易得出错误的结论。以及上文“Remember this when meeting someone”可知，此处应表示当你第一次和别人见面时，请记住这一点。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们不会知道你在集中注意力时习惯性地皱眉，可能会认为皱眉是对她所说或所做的事情的消极反应。A. slightly轻微地；B. instantly立刻，马上；C. habitually习惯性地；D. ultimately最终。根据上文“They won’t know that you habitually frown when you’re concentrating”可知，他们不会知道你在集中注意力时习惯性地皱眉，由此可知，此处应表示他们可能会认为皱眉是对她所说或所做的事情的消极反应。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1910, Chairman Mao had his first contact with English when he entered ____56____ new-style school. By 1913, when he enrolled in Hunan First Normal School, formal English courses ____57____ (be) already in place.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chairman Mao seized opportunities to practice spoken English when interacting with foreign journalists. Despite inaccurate pronunciation, he had managed ____58____ (grasp) some simple English expressions.
In the Liberation War period, Chairman Mao’s English communication skills improved to con duct basic daily dialogues. He also ____59____ (create) translated “paper tiger” into English.
After the establishment of New China, in 1954, Mao began to systematically self-study English ____60____ the aim of directly reading original works. He insisted in reading English newspapers and magazines, learning vocabulary, as well as making comments while reading the ____61____ (origin).
In his later years of illness, Chairman Mao persisted in learning English and used simple English vocabulary to express ____62____ (he) when meeting foreign guests. Throughout his life, Chairman Mao never ceased ____63____ (learn) English, which witnessed different stages of his revolutionary career. ____64____ (drive) by determination and practical needs, Chairman Mao’s progress in English demonstrated the spirit of struggle ____65____ defines a visionary leader.
【答案】56. a 57. were
58. to grasp
59. creatively
60. with 61. originals
62. himself
63. learning
64. Driven 65. that##which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了毛78 作为一位有远见的领导人坚持学习英语的经历。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：1910年，当毛78 进入一所新式学校时，他第一次接触到英语。school为可数名词，结合句意和空后的school可知，本空填冠词，且school为辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。a new-style school“一所新式学校”。故填a。
【57题详解】
考查时态。句意：到1913年，他进入湖南第一师范学校时，已经有了正式的英语课程。句子为主系表结构，主语为复数名词“courses”，“be in place”“井然有序而齐全地(展开)”。结合句意可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时。故填were。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管发音不准确，他还是学会了一些简单的英语表达。 动词grasp意为“理解，领会，领悟”。固定结构manage to do something“设法做某事”，故用to grasp作宾语。故填to grasp。
【59题详解】
考查副词。句意：他还创造性地将“纸老虎”翻译成英语。分析句子结构可知，本空填副词creatively“创造性地”，作状语，修饰translated。故填creatively 。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：1954年新中国成立后，毛开始系统地自学英语，目的是直接阅读原著。结合句意和空后的the aim of可知，本空填介词with，固定结构with the aim of“目的是”。故填with。
【61题详解】
考查名词。句意：他坚持阅读英文报刊杂志，学习词汇，并在阅读原著的同时发表评论。 分析句子结构可知，本空填名词original“原著”，结合句意可知，原著不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填originals。
【62题详解】
考查代词。句意：毛78 在病魔缠身晚年，坚持学习英语，在会见外宾时，用简单的英语词汇表达自己的想法。express的主语和宾语是同一人，所以应该用反身代词himself作宾语，express oneself“表达自己的意思”。故填himself 。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：毛78 一生从未停止学习英语，这见证了他革命生涯的不同阶段。cease doing something“停止做某事”，故本空填learn“学习”的动名词形式learning，作ceased的宾语。故填learning。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在决心和实际需要的推动下，毛78 在英语方面的进步体现了一个有远见的领导人的奋斗精神。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为demonstrated，故本空为非谓语，且主语progress与drive“驱动”为被动关系，故此处用动词过去分词Driven作状语。故填Driven。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在决心和实际需要的推动下，毛78 在英语方面的进步体现了一个有远见的领导人的奋斗精神。分析句子结构可知，本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the spirit of struggle，且从句中缺少主语，故填that 或which，引导定语从句。故填that/which。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假设你是李华，你上周在一家美国网店买了一件外套，收到之后感觉不满意，请向店家写一封投诉信。要点如下：
1. 外套尺寸偏小，客服未及时提供帮助；
2. 请店家尽快处理(换货或退货退款)。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好。
参考词汇： 客服 customer service staff
Dear Mr. or Mrs.,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. or Mrs.,
I bought an overcoat in your store last week. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint.
The reason for my dissatisfaction is that your product and the service your staff have offered were not good enough. In the first place, I selected it according to the size chart shown on your homepage, but actually it was too small for me to put on. In addition, when I turned to your staff for the solution, she ignored my request.
I appreciate it very much if you could change another one bigger to me, and I would like to have this matter settled by this Sunday. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于上周在一家美国网店买了一件外套，收到之后感觉不满意这一情况，向店家写一封投诉信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提供：offer → provide
此外：In addition → What’s more
忽视：ignore → neglect
想要做某事：would like to do sth. → feel like doing sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the first place, I selected it according to the size chart shown on your homepage, but actually it was too small for me to put on.
拓展句：In the first place, I selected it according to the size chart, which was shown on your homepage, but actually it was too small for me to put on.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The reason for my dissatisfaction is that your product and the service your staff have offered were not good enough. (运用了that引导的表语从句和省略关系代词引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】In addition, when I turned to your staff for the solution, she ignored my request. (运用了连词when引导的时间状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have a confession (坦白) to make, and the sooner it gets out in the open, the better I’ll feel about it. I don’t drive a car.
Americans are broad-minded people. They will accept the fact that a person can be an alcoholic, a dope fiend (瘾君子), a wife beater, and even a newspaperman, but if a man does not drive, there is something wrong with him. Through the years I’ve found it very embarrassing to admit it to anyone and my best friends tend to view me with distrust and disapproval.
But where I really run into trouble is when I go into a store and try to make a purchase with a check.
It happened again last week when I went to a discount house at a large shopping center in Maryland. I wanted to buy a portable type writer, and the salesman was very helpful about showing me the different models. I decided on one, and then I said, “May I write out a personal check ”
“Naturally,” he said kindly. “Do you have any identification ”
“Of course,” I said. I produced an American express credit card, a Diner’s club credit card, a Bell telephone credit card, and my pass to the White House.
The man inspected them all and then said, “Where’s your driver’s license ”
“I don’t have one,” I replied.
“Did you lose it ”
“No, I didn’t lose it. I don’t drive a car.” He pushed a button under the cash register, and suddenly a floor manager came rushing over.
The salesman had now become surly. “This guy’s trying to cash a check, and he doesn’t have a driver’s license. Should I call the store detective ”
注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Wait a minute. I’ll talk to him,” the manager said.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
By this time the president of the store had arrived on the scene.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
“Wait a minute. I’ll talk to him,” the manager said. “Did you lose your driver’s license for some traffic offense ” “No, I’ve never driven. I don’t like to drive. ” “Nobody likes to drive,” the floor manager became impatient in time and shouted. “That’s no excuse. Why are you trying to cash a check if you don’t have a driver’s license ” “I thought all the other identification was good enough, ” I explained, at a total loss to know how to reason with him, who, in turn, was somehow on the edge of losing his mind.
By this time the president of the store had arrived on the scene. Fortunately, he recognized my name since I was kind of a famous writer and okayed the check. He was very embarrassed by the treatment I had received. Upon showing me out, he said apologetically, “Come on, I’ll buy you a drink.” “I forgot to tell you, ” I said. “I don’t drink either.” This was too much, even for him, and he pushed me toward the door. “Get out of here,” he said, “and don’t come back!”
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是读后续写。本文以人物为线索展开。“我”不开车，但在美国，人们认为不开车的人有问题了。当“我”走进一家商店，试图用支票购物的时候，用为“我”没有驾照，推销员问楼层经理要不要叫商店的侦探来。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“‘等一下，我和他谈谈，’经理说。”可知，第一段可以描写“我”和经理的交流过程和感受。
②由第二段句首内容“这时，商店的总裁已经到了现场。”可知，第二段可以总裁到来后，“我”和总裁的交流过程和感受。
2.续写线索：由经理处理—无驾照原因—不被接受—总裁到—被允许用支票
3.词汇激活
行为类
①丢失：lose/ go astray
②变成：become/ get
③解释：explain/ interpret
情绪类
①不耐烦的：impatient/ restive
②抱歉地：apologetically/ regrettably
【点睛】【高分句型1】Why are you trying to cash a check if you don’t have a driver’s license ( 运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
【高分句型2】 I explained, at a total loss to know how to reason with him, who, in turn, was somehow on the edge of losing his mind. ( 运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型3】Fortunately, he recognized my name since I was kind of a famous writer and okayed the check. (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)下关一中教育集团2023～2024学年高二年级上学期段考(二)
英语试卷
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。
3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时 120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a stadium. B. In a cafeteria. C. In a hotel.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do tonight
A. Reschedule the meeting. B. Join a sports club. C. See a doctor.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How did the man get the news
A. He visited the school website. B. He got the news from an email. C. He was informed by the woman.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man imply
A. His wife adores the hat. B. The woman’s hat bothers him. C. His wife finds the hat disgusting.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where will the man be at 11:00
A. At the airport. B. At the office. C. At the restaurant.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Who will be the audience for the man’s presentation
A. His tutor. B. Senior students. C. Freshmen.
7. Where is the presentation going to be held
A. In the school library. B. In the school theatre. C. In the Students’ Union.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What will the woman do first
A. Create real conversations.
B. Get familiar with the given context.
C. Write the story in a different tone.
9. Which part should be paid more attention to according to the man
A. The setting. B. The plots. C. The characters.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. In what way was the handshake impressing
A. Flexi shook hands with a human for the first time.
B. Flexi offered to shake hands with the woman.
C. Flexi moved his hand just as the woman did.
11. Where are Flexi’s visual sensors
A. In his head. B. In his hands. C. In his chest.
12. When did the first version of the robot come into being
A. In 1993. B. In 2000. C. In 2023.
13. What can we learn about Flexi
A. He is used in special situations.
B. He is controlled by a computer system.
C. He doesn’t need human intervention at all.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. Why does the woman invite the man to the beach
A. To relax. B. To see a whale. C. To collect trash.
15. Who will deal with the collected garbage
A. The community. B. The government. C. A recycling firm.
16. What is the woman like
A. Generous. B. Responsible. C. Emotional.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Why did Yang Mei return to her hometown
A. To learn tea planting. B. To look after her father. C. To work as a village leader.
18. Who helped Yang Mei with money to realize her dream
A. Her family. B. Tea farmers. C. The local government.
19. When did Yang Mei initially launch her tea company
A. In 1980. B. In 2000. C. In 2008.
20. How did Yang Mei help villagers increase their incomes
A. Cooperate with them to export tea.
B. Hire them to work in the company.
C. Help promote their products in local towns.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
2023 Youth Writing Contest: Competition Finals!
We received over 430 submissions from 30 cities across the Mainland for our 2023 Youth Writing Contest, exceeding all our expectations!
The next step Having finalists read their work live at our Live Reading Party in Shanghai. Can’t make it to Shanghai No problem! You can join us via Tencent Meeting to read your story to our audience and judges.
We’ve narrowed down the pack down to 35 finalists, who have been notified via email—so please look out for an email from That’s Marketing!
If you have not received an email it means you have not been selected as a final ist this year, but some really good entries just missed out, so we encourage you to try again next year!
We’d like to invite everyone—those who submitted works, those who considered doing so and those who are simply interested to join us—from 2—6 pm on Sunday, November 19 at Lounge by Topgolf, Shanghai, to celebrate our country’s budding writers and poets.
Each finalist will read his or her piece aloud in front of an audience and panel of judges(in person or via Tencent Meeting). Our esteemed judges will then pick three winners in each of the three age categories, with the winning submissions to be published in the January 2024 issue of Urban Family magazine.
Finalists and one other family member will be given FREE tickets! If you’d like more, you can purchase them for just RMB 50 (which includes free flow soft drinks). Click below to purchase these very limited tickets.
If you have any questions, please contact us by scanning the QR code below or adding our marketing WeChat.
21. Who are the target audience of this article
A. 35 finalists notified through email. B. All competitors who submitted works.
C. Our country’s promising writers and poets. D. Those who are interested in Youth Writing Contest.
22. How will the final winning submissions be determined
A. Urban Family magazine will pick out winners.
B. Audience will vote for winners via Tencent Meeting.
C. Judges determine winners after listening to finalists.
D. Topgolf, Shanghai will select winners in each age group.
23. How much need a finalist with his/her parents pay for admission
A. Nothing. B. RMB 50. C. RMB 100. D. RMB150.
B
“If you feel unloved, go mountain climbing, after which you will feel so exhausted that you won’t think about it.” Recently, a self-made sign post at Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan province has trended on social media platforms. Many people go to the mountain to take pictures with the sign. Mountain hiking has become a new trend for people looking for beautiful autumn views.
One can find the sign on a small road near the west gate of the mountain. The sign has also become a must visit for travelers. One netizen joked that it is vital to climb the mountain. Another said if you feel unloved, go working, and then you will also be exhausted and get paid.
A staff member from the Yuelu Mountain scenic spot management office said the office did not put up the sign, but it has become famous.
A milk tea store at the foot of the mountain has launched an “unloved” specialty and many travelers bring bumper stickers that say “unloved” while looking for the “unloved” sign the staff said.
The sign was actually put up by mountain climbing lovers. The “heart-shaped track” on Yuelu Mountain has also trended at social media platforms recently, with netizens exploring a new track to climb the mountain, which forms the shape of a heart. While one can reach the mountain top, which is about 300 meters high, in about 30 minutes via a concrete road, the heart-shaped track is much longer and takes about three to four hours to complete.
ICE (pseudonym), 28, said she and her friends tried the heart-shaped track a few days ago and did not feel very tired. “Many people do not exercise often and are not in very good health, so the sign is a way to joke about mountain climbing,” she said.
24. Which word could best describe the milk tea store keeper
A Smart. B. Committed.
C. Industrious. D. Unrealistic.
25. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Many people feel unloved nowadays. B. Working is more rewarding than hiking.
C. Being exhausted is the best cure for a broken heart. D. People have different interpretations of the sign post.
26. What can be learned about the “heart-shaped track”
A. Whoever takes it could find true love. B. It is more demanding than another route.
C. Both the sign and the track are practical jokes. D. The management office designs the track this autumn.
27. What could be a suitable title for the passage
A. A Signpost Shoot to Fame Online B. Hiking is A Good Way to Find Love
C. Yuelu Mountain, A Famous Scenic Spot D. Mountain Hiking, A Fashionable Trend
C
1 It is commonly believed that teens’ preference for waking up and staying up later was driven by social forces—the pressures of school, the pleasures of partying. Mary Carskadon at Brown University, Rhode Island, however, assumed that biological factors might be responsible.
2 To test that theory, she surveyed 2000 schoolchildren across the US on their preferred and actual bedtimes and wake times; the times of day when they felt most or least attentive and energetic; and their physical development. The results pointed to biology. Sixth-graders ( aged 11or 12) scored higher on “eveningness” and lower on “morningness” than younger children, even though they occupied the same social background—a tendency that connected with their stage of puberty (青春期). In earlier studies, Carskadon had shown adolescents need more sleep than younger kids to avoid daytime sleepiness. Therefore, she and her team concluded, the practice of ringing the morning bell earlier at middle schools (for 1 1 to 13-year-olds) and high schools (for ages 14 to 18) than at elementary schools “may run exactly oppose to children’s biological needs”.
3 Carskadon went on to confirm her findings using more direct methods, such as measuring levels of melatonin (褪黑激素) in teens’ saliva (唾液) round the clock. In response, a growing number of local governments in US began pushing back start times in middle and high schools. Further research linked such moves to higher test scores, as well as lower rates of depression, substance use, illness and vehicular accidents.
4 In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start the day no earlier than 8: 30 am. The American Psychological Association and the American Medical Association later followed suit. In 2019, California became the first US state to pass laws based on those guidelines. This May, Florida became the second. Meanwhile, school districts from Australia to South Korea have launched similar reforms.
28. What did Carskadon believe caused teenagers waking up and staying up later
A. Social factors. B. Academic burden.
C. Biological elements. D. The pleasure of having parties.
29. What conclusion was drawn from Carskadon’s tests
A. Her assumption was totally baseless. B. Younger children tended to stay up later.
C. Younger children and teens had a lot in common. D. Physiological stage affected teen’s sleep behaviors.
30. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. Pushing back middle school start times is beneficial. B. Direct methods are adopted in Carskadon’s research.
C. Carskadon’s research needed further improvements. D. Some middle schools started their school later now.
31. Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase in paragraph 4
A. Broke down barriers. B. Acted in the same way.
C. Convinced the authority. D. Raised people’s awareness.
D
Some insects contain poisons that do not affect an insect-eating bird until after the bird has swallowed one of them. Being swallowed is almost always fatal for these insects. How does an insect benefit by containing a poison that is effective only after it has been killed and eaten
This paradox (悖论) is resolved once we realize that birds, which are made ill by the poison but are rarely killed by it, soon learn to recognize the warning signals of poisonous insects and reject them on sight. Eating a poisonous insect is an educational experience for predators, and thus the death of the insect victim (受害者) serves to protect other members of its own species.
On one hand, if these other members of the species are relatives of the victim—perhaps its own offspring, siblings, or first cousins—their genetic makeup will be similar to the victim’s, and many of the victim’s genes will survive in them.
On the other hand, an insect’s survival fitness is not improved if it kills the bird that eats it. Indeed, the victim benefits if the bird survives after eating the victim and becoming aware of its poisonous properties.
How come Most birds are territorial. They live in a small and delimited area from which they keep out members of their own species other than their mates. If the poisonous insect species does live within, or at least pass through, the territory of some bird, the bird will leave them alone because it has been taught not to attack them by the death of their relative. But if the territory-holding bird is killed, it will almost immediately be replaced by a wandering member of its own species, a floater that is still searching for a territory of its own. When an experienced predator (捕食者) that has learned not to attack the insects in question is replaced by a floater that happens to be inexperienced, the relatives of the insect victim do not benefit from its death. Thus protective systems based on benign poisons are far more likely to evolve and continue than systems based on deadly poisons.
32. What is the function of the opening paragraph
A. To clarify a concept. B. To provoke thinking.
C. To emphasis the topic. D. To introduce a conclusion.
33. Why is eating a poisonous insect an educational experience for birds
A. Birds will learn to avoid poisonous insects.
B. Birds will take in adequate nutrition afterwards.
C. Birds will warn their members of the potential danger.
D. Birds will adapt themselves to eating poisonous insects.
34. What would be the consequence if poisonous insects were fatal to the birds
A. Birds would have wider territories. B. Insects and birds would live in harmony.
C. Both insects and predators would suffer loss. D. Insects would become the owner of the territory.
35. Which proverb can interpret the insects’ protective system in a way
A. Like cures like. B. Little things amuse little minds.
C. Live and let live. D. A close mouth catches no flies.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Human Translation Is Better Than Machine
Will AI take the place of human translators ____36____ . In the following sections, we will explore four reasons why human translation will always be better than machine translation.
[1]. Machines cannot express feelings and emotions like humans
Nowadays, soft skills like communication and relationship building are more important at work than technical skills. AI systems are indeed fast, rational, and accurate. ____37____ . In fact, these are the very skills that make us human. Humans can gain information from non-verbal cues, while machines just can’t.
[2]. ____38____
Only a human translator can match and reproduce the style and tone of the source document accurately. With a machine translation, the intended tone and intricate nuances of the original document often get lost. This results in a rather flat and soulless end result. Translating some texts, such as poems and argumentative essays, is challenging for machines. Robots are unable to convey the feeling of the text, resulting in a flat translation.
[3]. Machines can’t keep up with language changes
Machine translation software has to be constantly updated to keep up with these changes. Updating these programs is challenging because they are based on a sophisticated algorithmic system. Human translators, on the other hand, do not have to deal with such difficulties. As we all know, humans are much more adaptable. ____39____ .
[4]. Machines don’t understand complex human cultures
When it comes to cultural translations, some words may have a specific meaning in one culture but a completely different meaning in another. In fact, in some occasions, even human translators have difficulty achieving a perfect translation, let alone a machine translator.
____40____ . It has come a long way in recent years, but it still has a long way to go. A professional human-based translation service is still by far the best option for translating high-quality content.
A. Style and tone may be beyond a machine’s ability
B. A translation cannot be complete without the human touch
C. There’s no denying the importance of machine translation
D. Simply put, there is no replacement for human translation
E. Nevertheless, they are not insightful, empathetic, or culturally sensitive
F. A machine translator can never match the intelligence of a human being
G. Hence they can keep up with language changes faster than any AI program
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few years ago, I was giving a presentation to the CEO of a financial services company, outlining a speech on “Leadership Presence”, which I was ____41____ to deliver to his organization the next day.
Our meeting lasted thirty minutes, and through that entire time, the CEO sat at the conference table with his ___42___ tightly crossed. He didn’t once smile, lean forward or nod encouragement. When I finished, he said thank you and glanced at the doorway to indicate that we were ____43____ .
I was sure that his nonverbal ____44____ was telling me that my speaking engagement would be canceled. But when I walked to the elevator, the executive’s assistant came to tell me how ____45____ her boss had been with my presentation.
I was shocked and asked how he would have ____46____ had he not liked it. “Oh,” said the assistant, ____47____ ,“He would have ____48____ as you were speaking and walked out of the room.”
The ____49____ signals I’d received from that CEO were ones I judged to be _____50_____ . What I didn’t realize was that, for this individual, it was his _____51_____ behavior.
Just as I _____52_____ that executive’s body language, when people don’t know how you usually behave they also can easily _____53_____ to the wrong conclusion. Remember this when meeting someone _____54_____ . They won’t know that you _____55_____ frown when you’re concentrating and may think the frown is a negative reaction to something she said or did.
41. A. challenged B. labeled C. appealed D. scheduled
42. A. arms B. thumbs C. heart D. mind
43. A. ahead B. through C. in D. down
44. A. warning B. inquiry C. communication D. prohibition
45. A. rewarding B. impressed C. embarrassed D. distracting
46. A. reacted B. varied C. witnessed D. detected
47. A. sneezing B. waving C. smiling D. weeping
48. A. climbed up B. taken up C. made up D. gotten up
49. A. non-stop B. non-native C. nonsense D. nonverbal
50. A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. indifferent
51. A. normal B. moral C. model D. noble
52. A. pirated B. misread C. revealed D. employed
53. A. jump B. support C. approve D. test
54. A. at table B. on the move C. for the first time D. in this sense
55. A. slightly B. instantly C. habitually D. ultimately
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1910, Chairman Mao had his first contact with English when he entered ____56____ new-style school. By 1913, when he enrolled in Hunan First Normal School, formal English courses ____57____ (be) already in place.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chairman Mao seized opportunities to practice spoken English when interacting with foreign journalists. Despite inaccurate pronunciation, he had managed ____58____ (grasp) some simple English expressions.
In the Liberation War period, Chairman Mao’s English communication skills improved to con duct basic daily dialogues. He also ____59____ (create) translated “paper tiger” into English.
After the establishment of New China, in 1954, Mao began to systematically self-study English ____60____ the aim of directly reading original works. He insisted in reading English newspapers and magazines, learning vocabulary, as well as making comments while reading the ____61____ (origin).
In his later years of illness, Chairman Mao persisted in learning English and used simple English vocabulary to express ____62____ (he) when meeting foreign guests. Throughout his life, Chairman Mao never ceased ____63____ (learn) English, which witnessed different stages of his revolutionary career. ____64____ (drive) by determination and practical needs, Chairman Mao’s progress in English demonstrated the spirit of struggle ____65____ defines a visionary leader.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假设你是李华，你上周在一家美国网店买了一件外套，收到之后感觉不满意，请向店家写一封投诉信。要点如下：
1. 外套尺寸偏小，客服未及时提供帮助；
2. 请店家尽快处理(换货或退货退款)。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好。
参考词汇： 客服 customer service staff
Dear Mr. or Mrs.,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have a confession (坦白) to make, and the sooner it gets out in the open, the better I’ll feel about it. I don’t drive a car.
Americans are broad-minded people. They will accept the fact that a person can be an alcoholic, a dope fiend (瘾君子), a wife beater, and even a newspaperman, but if a man does not drive, there is something wrong with him. Through the years I’ve found it very embarrassing to admit it to anyone and my best friends tend to view me with distrust and disapproval.
But where I really run into trouble is when I go into a store and try to make a purchase with a check.
It happened again last week when I went to a discount house at a large shopping center in Maryland. I wanted to buy a portable type writer, and the salesman was very helpful about showing me the different models. I decided on one, and then I said, “May I write out a personal check ”
“Naturally,” he said kindly. “Do you have any identification ”
“Of course,” I said. I produced an American express credit card, a Diner’s club credit card, a Bell telephone credit card, and my pass to the White House.
The man inspected them all and then said, “Where’s your driver’s license ”
“I don’t have one,” I replied.
“Did you lose it ”
“No, I didn’t lose it. I don’t drive a car.” He pushed a button under the cash register, and suddenly a floor manager came rushing over.
The salesman had now become surly. “This guy’s trying to cash a check, and he doesn’t have a driver’s license. Should I call the store detective ”
注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Wait a minute. I’ll talk to him,” the manager said.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
By this time the president of the store had arrived on the scene
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
