UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2025八省联考)
Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function,scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test,all of the subjects watched nature documentaries,but two-thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later,all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test,and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity,indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research,the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
1.What did the new study aim to explore
A.When exercise is best for learning.
B.What biochemicals are good for health.
C.How brainwaves should be measured.
D.Which area of the brain is the most active.
2.What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A.Train on bicycles.
B.Do mathematics exercises.
C.Play computer games.
D.Watch films about nature.
3.Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A.To do a medical examination.
B.To have their memory tested.
C.To get their workouts recorded.
D.To finish their previous tasks.
4.What might the author’s marathon running prove
A.The findings of the study are reliable.
B.Long-distance runners are often smart.
C.Studies on the marathon are not enough.
D.Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
B(2025四川攀枝花期末)
Have you ever worried that you might smell bad Well,you do have a smell,but not in the way you think.The human body releases hundreds of chemical compounds into the air every day,and these compounds reveal much more than just our health habits;they can also indicate our health situations.
In 1971,chemist Linus Pauling identified 250 different gaseous chemicals in our breath,known as VOCs.These VOCs originate from the body’s metabolic (新陈代谢) processes and are excreted (排泄) through skin glands.While sweat contributes to these VOCs,it only accounts for a small portion of them.
VOCs can reveal a lot about our health.For example,a sweet-smelling breath could be a sign of diabetes.Besides breath,VOCs are also released from our skin,and feces(粪便).A notable case involved Joy Milne,who noticed a change in her husband’s scent 12 years before he was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.Known as “the woman who can smell Parkinson’s”,Joy has been using her keen sense of smell to help scientists develop a simple swab test to diagnose the illnesses.
Animals with advanced sense of smell,like dogs,have demonstrated they can detect various types of cancer in humans.Although these scents are often undetectable to the human nose,they provide evidence that our bodies emit different scents when something is wrong.
The relationship between VOCs,and our health is still being studied.Studies have already shown that they can predict a person’s age within a few years based on their skin VOC profile.In one interview,Professor Morin stated,“We are at a relatively early stage in this research area,but we have already distinguished males from females based on the acidity of skin VOCs.We believe skin VOCs can reveal aspects of who we are,such as nutrition,health and stress.These signatures likely contain markers that can be used to diagnose disease.”
So,who knows—maybe one day we will be able to detect diseases simply by breathing into a device.
5.What do we learn about the VOCs according to the text
A.The VOCs are primarily composed of sweat.
B.Skin VOCs reveal more about our health habits.
C.Our body’s metabolic processes are the source of VOCs.
D.VOCs only released from our skin indicate health status.
6.Why does the author mention animals in paragraph 4
A.To argue we should rely more on animals.
B.To show the superior intelligence of animals.
C.To highlight VOCs’ potential as diagnostic markers.
D.To illustrate VOCs have the capability to cure cancers.
7.What future technology might arise from the understanding of VOCs
A.Devices that can breathe out disease-causing VOCs.
B.Equipment that can analyze VOCs to diagnose diseases.
C.Personalized perfumes that can mask disease-related VOCs.
D.Advanced facilities that can use VOCs to cure diseases.
8.Which can be a suitable title for the passage
A.The Role of Sweat in Human Health
B.Linus Pauling’s Contributions to VOCS
C.Smell of Body Contributing to Diseases
D.Detecting Diseases through Body Scents
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分)
(2024山东聊城二模)
Every Saturday we trained with the same marathon running club.I had no idea he was blind because he 9 past me alongside his guide runner.It took a few weeks before I was 10 asking him what,if anything,he could see.I wasn’t just 11 by his running times.He also had a beautiful smile that lit up the room.
We had our first 12 date climbing the famous sand dune on Pacific Coast Highway.Eight years into our marriage,Adrian decided to learn to 13 ,so he could fulfill his dream of competing in an Ironman triathlon.
Adrian’s first lesson was a 14 ,but his coach’s enthusiasm was short-lived.His next instructor was easy to give in and recommended that my husband 15 swimming.So,being a competitive swimmer in high school,I was 16 I could teach him.
Soon I realized how much of a 17 swimming was for my husband,even with a tether rope.His progress at each lesson was slow but 18 .Nearly a month later,he tried without the tether rope,but 19 going in the wrong direction.Every time I raised my voice over the roaring waves he felt so 20 by my instructions.
Fortunately these days we laugh because Adrian is even faster than I am.He has grown more 21 with me when I have to raise my voice.I,in return,no longer say,“You went the 22 way!”,which makes him feel bad.Instead,I say,“Over here,” to which he 23 ,and then swims back toward me.
9.A.jumped B.flew
C.rode D.drove
10.A.comfortable B.pleased
C.awkward D.anxious
11.A.influenced B.defeated
C.confused D.impressed
12.A.easy B.official
C.vital D.complete
13.A.run B.bike
C.swim D.diet
14.A.mess B.relief
C.success D.disaster
15.A.abandon B.keep
C.risk D.appreciate
16.A.confident B.doubtful
C.grateful D.fortunate
17.A.benefit B.burden
C.regret D.struggle
18.A.slim B.steady
C.hard D.alarming
19.A.gradually B.rarely
C.cautiously D.frequently
20.A.encouraged B.worried
C.frustrated D.surprised
21.A.patient B.careful
C.popular D.disappointed
22.A.strange B.exact
C.critical D.wrong
23.A.looks B.nods
C.bows D.shouts
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分)
(2024河北邯郸二模)
Since the holding of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games,teenagers and young children 24.(show) a greater interest in skiing-related activities.Chinese people born in the 1990s and after the year 2000 are the main groups of skiers,according to Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China,25. (base) the result on data from a renowned travel agency.
“During the winter that just ended,the number of bookings for skiing-related services made by these two age groups accounted 26. 60 percent of the total,and the number of children who had gone skiing with their parents was on the rise,” the travel agency said.
With the trend of Chinese consumers’ higher enthusiasm for skiing 27. (notice),a Swiss luxury watchmaker organized a day on the slopes for young skiers in early winter last year.“This reflected the company’s 28. (commit) to helping children believe in themselves through sports,” the watchmaker said.
“We 29. (firm) believe that sport is important for the integration of children.So,30. means a lot to us to be able to create environments 31. children can experience the fun and joy of sport,” said Franziska Gsell,chief marketing officer of the company.China had become one of the most dynamic markets for the company and they were 32. (confidence) about their operations in the country.
The widespread popularity of ice and the emergence of indoor ski resorts and snow parks have enabled people from the southern regions of China 33. (experience) skiing-related activities at any time of the year.
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域,以及进行锻炼以最大程度提高学习的最佳时间。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.”可知,新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After the test,all of the subjects watched nature documentaries”可知,实验要求所有受试者在实验过程中观看自然纪录片。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Two days later,all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test”可知,参与者两天后返回实验室是为了进行记忆测试。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.”可知,作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明,剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人体释放的VOCs(挥发性有机化合物)与健康状况之间的关系,解释了这些化学物质的来源、它如何揭示健康信息,以及科研人员利用这些信息探索疾病诊断的可能性。
5.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“These VOCs originate from the body’s metabolic processes and are excreted through skin glands.”可知,我们身体的代谢过程是这些发挥性有机化合物的来源。
6.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Animals with advanced sense of smell,like dogs,have demonstrated they can detect various types of cancer in humans.Although these scents are often undetectable to the human nose,they provide evidence that our bodies emit different scents when something is wrong.”可知,作者提到像狗这样的动物是为了强调VOCs作为疾病诊断标记的潜力,因为这些动物能够嗅出人类身上的不同疾病,说明VOCs确实携带了与健康相关的信息。
7.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So,who knows—maybe one day we will be able to detect diseases simply by breathing into a device.”可知,未来可能出现的技术是能够通过分析VOCs来诊断疾病的设备。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“The human body releases hundreds of chemical compounds into the air every day,and these compounds reveal much more than just our health habits;they can also indicate our health situations.”以及全文内容可知,本文主要围绕着人体释放的VOCs如何反映健康状况,并有可能成为疾病诊断的工具这一主题展开。因此合适的标题为“Detecting Diseases through Body Scents”。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的丈夫是一位盲人,他们在跑步俱乐部相识。结婚八年后,作者的丈夫决定学习游泳,以实现他参加铁人三项比赛的梦想。作者作为一名曾经的游泳健将,自告奋勇地教丈夫游泳,但在这个过程中他们遇到了很多困难。如今,作者的丈夫已经成为一名优秀的游泳选手,甚至比作者游得还快。
9.B 根据下文“past me alongside his guide runner”可知,作者的丈夫和领跑员跑得很快,就像飞一样。故选B项。
10.A 根据上文“I had no idea he was blind”以及“past me alongside his guide runner”可知,作者一开始不知道丈夫是盲人,所以需要一些时间来适应和调整之后,才自在地问起他的视力情况。故选A项。
11.D 根据下文“He also had a beautiful smile that lit up the room.”可知,作者对丈夫的印象很好,不仅对他的跑步成绩印象深刻,也被他的笑容所吸引。
12.B 根据下文“date climbing the famous sand dune on Pacific Coast Highway”以及“Eight years into our marriage”可知,作者和丈夫爬上沙丘约会,后来结婚,可推断出此处说的是他们的第一次正式约会。故选B项。
13.C 根据下文游泳教练建议他放弃游泳以及作者亲自教他游泳可知,Adrian 决定学习游泳。
14.C 根据下文“but his coach’s enthusiasm was short-lived.”可知,Adrian的教练的热情很快就消失了,可推断出第一节课很成功。
15.A 根据上文“His next instructor was easy to give in”可知,第二个教练建议Adrian放弃游泳。
16.A 根据上文“being a competitive swimmer in high school”可知,作者在高中时是一名有竞争力的游泳运动员,她对自己的游泳技术很有信心,认为自己可以教丈夫游泳。
17.D 根据下文“His progress at each lesson was slow”可知,丈夫在学习游泳的过程中遇到了很多困难,进展缓慢,这对他来说是艰难的事。
18.B 根据上文“His progress at each lesson was slow but”中的 but 可知,前后句之间是转折关系,说明虽然进步很慢,但还是有稳定的进步。
19.D 根据下文“Every time I raised my voice over the roaring waves he felt so”可知,下文说的是作者经常提高嗓门喊丈夫,可知没有了牵引绳,丈夫失去了方向,经常走错方向。
20.C 根据上文“Every time I raised my voice over the roaring waves”可知,作者在指导丈夫游泳时,声音比较大,这让丈夫感到很沮丧。
21.A 根据上文“Fortunately these days we laugh because Adrian is even faster than I am.”可知,丈夫在游泳方面取得了很大的进步,这也让他对作者的指导更加耐心。
22.D 根据上下文可知,作者也改变了自己的说话方式,作为对丈夫变得更耐心的一种回应,用更加温和的方式指导丈夫游泳,那应该是不说“You went the wrong way!”这样的话。
23.B 根据下文“and then swims back toward me.”可知,丈夫听到了作者的话,并且按照作者的指示游了回来,说明他点头表示明白了作者的意思。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是自2022年北京冬奥会举办以来,青少年和幼儿对滑雪相关活动表现出了更大的兴趣,中国90后和00后成为滑雪的主要群体。
24.have shown/have showed 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为谓语动词,由时间状语“Since the holding of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games”可知,应用现在完成时,show的过去分词为shown/showed且主语为teenagers and young children,助动词使用have。故填have shown或have showed。
25.basing 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词,“Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China”与base之间为主动关系,应用现在分词表示主动,作方式状语。故填basing。
26.for 考查介词。句意:在刚刚结束的冬季,这两个年龄组的滑雪相关服务预订数量占总数的60%,与父母一起滑雪的孩子的数量也在增加。account for“占比例为……”,固定搭配。故填for。
27.noticed 考查非谓语动词。由空前的“With the trend of Chinese consumers’ higher enthusiasm for skiing”,可知此处为with复合结构,“the trend of Chinese consumers’ higher enthusiasm for skiing”与notice之间为被动关系,应用过去分词表示被动,构成with复合结构。故填noticed。
mitment 考查名词。由空前的“This reflected the company’s”可知,此处应填名词形式作宾语。故填commitment。
29.firmly 考查词性转换。句意:我们坚信体育对孩子们的融合很重要。由句意及空后的believe可知,应填副词形式作状语,故填firmly。
30.it 考查it作形式主语。分析句子结构可知此处应填it,作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。故填it。
31.where 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句,先行词为environments,从句缺少地点状语,应用关系副词where。
32.confident 考查词性转换。由空前的they were可知,应填形容词形式,作表语,be confident about“对……有信心”。
33.to experience 考查非谓语动词。enable sb to do...“使某人能够做某事”,不定式作宾语补足语。故填to experience。
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