安徽省桐城市某重点中学2022届高三下学期月考（2）英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、语法填空
1、Native Tribes Celebrate Montana Land Ownership and Bison Range （野牛牧场） Restoration Moiese,Mont. — A narrow road takes visitors zig-zagging up a mountain,and,if they're lucky,they'll see bison walking about freely.The bison range sits on more than 18，000 acres of undeveloped land in northwest Montana — land ①______（take） by the U.S. Government without the approval of Salish and Kootenai Tribes.In 2020，Congress passed a law ②______ management of the land is transferred from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service back to Salish and Kootenai Tribes.
U.S.Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, ③______ signed off on the law last year,said with the loss of tribal homelands in the early 1900s and decrease of bison herds,tribes lost traditional connections with the mammal. "But ④______ that tragedy and loss,we are still here.You are still here.And that's ⑤______ to celebrate," She said the people then relied on bison for food and livelihood,believing future generations would do the same.
"We all know history took a cruel and tragic turn after that," Haaland said,and the tribes didn't believe that the history ⑥______（ represent） accurately at the bison range's visitor center.Whisper Camel-Means,the tribes division manager for the wildlife refuge,said under the Fish and Wildlife Service supervision,the exhibits there previously used a different tribes' word for bison,which they ⑦______ not accept.
The Salish and Kootenai Tribes have corrected inaccuracies at the visitor center located on the Flathead reservation near the museum.The visitor center is now open, ⑧______（ feature） new exhibits that better reflect the tribes' involvement in bison conservation.Stephanie Gillin,education program manager for the tribes' natural resources program,said she worked with cultural committees to get the correct history for the new exhibits. "We listen to our elders about some stuff we have to protect ⑨______ if we don't put it out there,we lose what it gives to us — you know,we lost that power it gives us," she said.
The generational emotional wound,Gillin said,is still felt today within tribal communities and correcting the information at the visitor center is about respecting and preserving the tribes' history.
The tribes are working to build a ⑩______（big） museum that will be closer to U.S.Highway 93.It's a push to share their history with more people.
二、选词填空
2、选词填空。
A.nutritional B.objected C.sustainable D.comparison E.motivational F.projected G.necessarily H.popularity I.unsweetened J.previously K.source
Plant-based Milk There are nutritional differences between types of milk,from oat to soy to cow's.Plant-based milks have been growing in ①______ for years,but the nutritional content of different milks and milk alternatives vary,with disagreements between brands too.The global dairy alternatives market is ②______ to grow from ﹩22.25 billion in 2021 to ﹩53.97 billion in 2028，according to a report by Fortune Business Insights.In February 2022，the world's first potato milk launched in the UK，which bills itself as "the most ③______ plant-based dairy alternative on the market."
While some people choose dairy alternatives,cow's milk is an excellent ④______ of calcium,protein,and vitamin D.It's also working better than water when people feel thirsty,according to a small study by St Andrews University in Scotland.However,some people stay away from dairy because of intolerance of the mouthfeel or environmental concerns,and for some,the ⑤______ factor is health.Nutritional reports of milks vary,with some offering more fiber,fat,protein,carbs,sugar,and calories than others.
Dietitians recommend choosing fortified plant-based milks.Plant-based milks are not ⑥______ "healthier" than dairy,and when following a plant-based diet,dietitians recommend ensuring your dairy-free milk alternatives are fortified with essential vitamins and minerals. "Fortified means that they are added by the manufacturer and so will be on the ingredients list,or advertised on the front," dietitian Nichola Ludlam-Raine ⑦______ told .
"Choose milk alternatives that are fortified with vitamins such as vitamin B12 and vitamin D，in addition to the minerals calcium and iodine," she said.The ⑧______content of milk varies in terms of protein,carbs,and fiber.Cow's milk,for example,contains lots of calcium and vitamin D，as well as protein.Soy milk is often fortified with calcium,and is also high in protein.For the purpose of this ⑨______，Insider selected popular brands of each milk,selecting ⑩______ options wherever possible,per cup.Here's some nutritional information on our website to bear in mind when choosing which milk to have in your coffee,on your cereal,or alongside a cookie.
三、完形填空（15空）
It was thought that Microbes（细菌）in sediments — solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid beneath the seafloor died above 80°C，but scientists have found some that can survive up to 120°C and possibly higher temperatures.The discovery shows that life in seafloor sediments can survive higher temperatures than previously thought.
"I would think that wherever there's energy that can be exploited by microorganisms, 1 find（s） a way." says Tina Treude at the University of California,Los Angeles.It is possible that there is life at even higher temperatures. "The only way to find out is to go back and 2 deeper," she says,though in lab experiments so far,no microbes have been found to grow above 122°C.
The researchers were also able to 3 out and count cells using a special device.Together,the findings show that relatively few cells survive at these temperatures,but those that do have very high metabolic （新陈代谢的） rates. "It was astonishingly high," says Treude.
This surprised the team because it is the 4 of what has been found in shallower sediments,where it is much colder.Microbes are 5 there,but their metabolisms are extremely slow and individual microbes might live for millions of years.At 120°C，the heat is doing a lot of damage to cells,so microbes may need high metabolisms to generate enough energy to repair this damage.It is a（n） 6 to stay alive,says Treude.
It isn't clear what these heat-loving,or thermophilic,microbes are,as the team was unable to 7 their DNA.Nor is it clear how they came to be in the sediments,given that this would have been a very cold environment for a long time after the sediments that the samples came from were first 8 .
However,a few thermophilic microbes would have been present when the sediments were deposited,and they may have somehow 9 until temperatures began to rise due to being 10 under more material,says team member Felix Beulig at Aarhus University in Denmark.
As the temperatures rose,all the microbes that weren't 11 of heat would gradually have died off,says team member Florian Schubert at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. "The microbes that cannot 12 ，they just die," he says.
Patrick Forterre at the Pasteur Institute in Paris says that while there are 13 results showing microbe growth at 106°C，nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at 122°C. "It's very difficult to 14 the upper temperature limit," he says.
He is therefore 15 of the idea of microbes living normally at 120°C，but he does think it is possible that they could somehow survive and became active again at lower temperatures.
3、A. life B. energy C. bacteria D. voyage
4、A. think B. research C. practise D. drill
5、A. spread B. figure C. separate D. reach
6、A. opposite B. evidence C. coincidence D. resemblance
7、A. moderate B. existent C. swift D. plentiful
8、A. game B. approach C. race D. solution
9、A. explode B. identify C. locate D. attack
10、A. formed B. deposited C. tagged D. covered
11、A. stuck on B. moved away C. died off D. run out
12、A. exposed B. removed C. buried D. washed
13、A. tolerant B. afraid C. tired D. careful
14、A. translate B. adapt C. escape D. furnish
15、A. various B. false C. reliable D. different
16、A. pass B. break C. outstep D. determine
17、A. capable B. doubtful C. sick D. ignorant
四、阅读理解
I used to procrastinate （keep leaving things that should be done until later）.Years ago,a neighbor kid kicked a football and shattered a small basement window of our house.We were a family of six living on a small salary at the time,so I boarded it up,thinking I'd get to it someday.However,the frame was rusted shut.I couldn't fix it.
Over the years,I'd sometimes get estimates from window companies.The plan was to upgrade to energy-efficient windows for the whole house. ﹩15，000.It was simply out of reach.One contractor explained that whoever replaced it would need to cut and shape by hand,a labor-intensive and expensive process.
Honestly,the thought of that window ate at me for years.Every time I went down there,every time I went to the hardware store,it kept troubling me.I knew I needed to address it,but I had built up the process （and the price） so much in my mind that I was unable to act.
Then my wife had a job change,and we needed to move.A potential buyer couldn't get a loan on the property if there was a broken window.So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head-on.It had been at least 5 years.
I grabbed some rust remover,sprayed all around the rusted frame,and gave it a strong pull.To my astonishment,it moved for the first time.I pulled the window out and took it downtown.It was a ﹩12 fix.
I could have fixed the problem for ﹩12 the same day it happened.But I let it haunt me for years,shutting out light and letting in bugs.It didn't need to be the most efficient.It just needed to be a window.
OK，this isn't really about my window.I mean the story is true,but it's also a decent fable.Many of us,especially those with anxiety,tend to live with broken windows of one type or another for years.
After I posted my story online,many shared their stories with me.One commented, "This reminded me of a statement,'We suffer more in imagination than in reality.'" Another responded, "This is why my business partner tells me, ‘Perfect is the enemy of done.'"
Step forward,and you'll find a solution.
By Nathan Howe
18、Why did the author delay fixing the broken window for years？
A. He developed a tolerant attitude.
B. He was convinced that the window was beyond repair.
C. He thought there was no harm if leaving the window broken.
D. He believed the whole process to be troublesome and expensive.
19、What does the author mean by "the thought of that window ate at me" in Paragraph 3？
A. It frightened me terribly. B. It puzzled me deeply.
C. It motivated me slightly. D. It worried me continuously.
20、What finally led to the author's determination to deal with the window？
A. His wife's job switching.
B. The super effective rust remover.
C. The obstacle to getting the house sold.
D. The window's letting in bugs but not light.
21、Which of the following advice is the author unlikely to share online？
A. You don't have to fix it all now；just start by starting.
B. Make a list of the things you are putting off and start with the hardest.
C. Doing the thing is often less painful than thinking about doing the thing.
D. An imperfect solution now is better than a perfect one that will never happen.
The World Bank Group （WBG），headquartered in Washington DC，has launched a global search for the Senior Vice President & Group General Counsel.As one of the world's largest sources of development assistance and global expert knowledge for developing countries,the WBG brings 16，000 experts in diverse fields to work in more than 100 developing economies with twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity.In that context,the WBG is looking for a leader to oversee the WBG's Legal Vice Presidency with a strong commitment to development and identification with WBG institutional values of collaboration,respect,diversity and inclusion. On this position,you are expected to bring：
Intellectual leadership and substantial legal expertise in devising innovative solutions to enable the WBG to meet its developmental objectives and challenges. Deep understanding of international law and the complex geopolitical landscape including knowledge of the global development agenda. Strong leadership experience with a track record of developing,inspiring and empowering multicultural teams within complex organizations. Strong communication skills and ability to build relationships with all stakeholders （股东） and work cooperatively across the WBG.
The Senior Vice President & Group General Counsel will report to the WBG President and serve on the Senior Leadership Team to ensure the success of the WBG in fulfilling its missions in a sustainable way.The position is based in Washington,DC. Applications should be submitted by 31st March 2022. In the pursuit of excellence,the WBG continually employs qualified individuals with diverse backgrounds from around the globe and is an equal opportunity and inclusive employer and encourages diverse candidates to apply.
22、Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage？
A. Call for Banking Talents.
B. Looking Forward to Your Arrival.
C. Access to a Once-in-a-life Opportunity.
D. Wanted：Senior Vice President & Group General Counsel.
23、What is the middle part of this advertisement about？
A. Terms and conditions. B. Rights and duties.
C. Responsibilities and qualifications. D. Expectations and personal records.
24、What can be learned from this passage？
A. Employees with varied cultural backgrounds are rarely seen in WBG.
B. WBG's mission is solely concerned with boosting economy in developed countries.
C. The position advertised attaches great importance to legal and geographical knowledge.
D. The position involves working under the WBG President's supervision and in the team.
When Carolyn Kurle first visited Alaska's Hawadax Island,then known as Rat Island,she immediately noticed the silence. "When you're on an island that's never had rats,it's just like birds everywhere — it's really loud," she says. "So when you get to an island that does have rats,you really notice because it's versus quiet."
Nowadays Hawadax is once again a noisy place.Roughly a decade after a successful effort to rid the island of its predatory rodents （捕食性啮齿动物），a mass of seabirds has returned.And the benefits have extended across the island's entire seashore ecosystem,which is again full of diverse life.These findings,published in Scientific Reports,show that certain ecosystems can recover with surprising speed if given the chance.
"This study is an example of something positive that can happen when we humans take action to clean up after ourselves," says Kurle,who is lead author of the study and a conservation ecologist at the University of California,San Diego. "It also highlights how everything is interlinked,especially in coastal systems."
The greedy rodents colonized Hawadax after a Japanese shipwreck in the 1780s,and they quickly wiped out seabird communities.Kurle's first findings,published in 2008，showed that the rats affected not just birds but the entire food chain – all the way down to algae （藻类）.Without birds to eat seashore invertebrates （无脊椎动物），populations of snails and other species feeding on plants exploded and consumed much of the marine kelp （巨藻），which provides crucial habitat for other organisms. "Certain invasive species can have impacts beyond those that are most obvious," Kurle says.
Those early findings inspired the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,in partnership with The Nature Conservancy and Island Conservation,to wipe out the rats by dropping poison on Hawadax.Kurle and her colleagues secured funding to survey the island 5 and 11 years after taking the action.They found that its ecosystem had steadily recovered and now resembles that of other Aleutian Islands that were never invaded by rats,with significantly fewer marine invertebrates and much more kelp cover.
"Very few rat-eradication projects have focused on the impact on marine ecosystems,so the Hawadax Island case is really noteworthy," says University of Tennessee,Knoxville,ecologist Daniel Simberloff,who was not involved in the study. "This is a very cool,elegant result from an academic ecology standpoint and,of course,is important in terms of conservation."
25、What does "cacophony" in paragraph 1 most probably mean？
A. Silent night. B. Messy beach.
C. Limited space. D. Disagreeable sounds.
26、According to paragraph 4，which of the following can be important for small animals or plants？
A. Greedy rodents. B. Marine kelp.
C. Seashore invertebrates. D. Invasive species.
27、The efforts made in the "Hawadax Island Case" include the following EXCEPT ______ .
A. setting traps and catching rats
B. raising money for follow-up study
C. joining hands with conservation groups
D. comparing Hawadax with other rat-free islands
28、What is the main idea of this passage？
A. Birds and rats cannot co-exist.
B. Rats are invasive species that must be rooted out.
C. Ecosystem is too delicate to restore itself once disturbed.
D. Removing invaders on land can benefit marine populations.
五、阅读补全
29、How Minecraft is Helping Children with Autism （自闭症）
Like many constructions,it started small.But now thousands of children with autism are making friends and learning social skills by playing a version of online building game Minecraft.
Stuart Duncan got the idea through a popular blog he ran about his own experiences with autism as well as bringing up a son with autism.Other parents with autistic children started telling him that their kids were crazy about a game that let them explore a randomly generated wilderness. ①_______
So,in 2013，Duncan,a web developer in Timmins,Canada,set up a server to run a version of Minecraft exclusively for children with autism and their families.
②_______ The community boasts nearly 7000 members,along with a team of admins to help manage its many activities. "Parents see such a benefit for themselves and their children," says Duncan. "Minecraft strips away the pressures and distractions of the real world."
The server caught the eye of Kate Ringland at the University of California,Irvine. ③_______ "Autcraft" should be looked upon as not just another online community,but as a tool.
④_______ They may struggle to pick up on social cues or understand another person's perspective.Duncan thinks Minecraft removes the pressures typical of the real world where people are actually living in.No noise,no unfamiliar environment,no pressure to track others' facial expressions or worry about eye contact. "With Minecraft,you can really just be yourself," he says. "The social interactions,the relationships,the communication — everything just boils down to you and your keyboard."
A.Now,almost three years later,running "Autcraft" is his full-time job.
B.This is a great way for them to play a game they love,but also have a social experience.
C.Everyday social situations can be challenging for autistic children.
D.She has spent 60 hours inside this virtual world,watching how the kids play and chat to one another.
E. "Autcraft" builds from the interests and passions of people with autism rather than trying to redirect or surprise them.
F.However,despite loving the game,many of the children were being bullied by other players.
六、书面表达
30、Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Plan for Domino Effects on Sustainability Goals Climate change is causing ever-more-extreme events,from storms and droughts to floods and violent windstorms,and these risks interact across many environmental and social systems.A heatwave can spark forest fires,which lead to air pollution.Drought-wrecked harvests can result in food-price unpredictability.
Yet these domino effects are barely considered in most countries' strategies for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） by 2030.Many countries that are working hard to reach these goals insufficiently consider the impact of extreme weather.Take Germany as an example.Its 2018 strategy on sustainable development runs to 60 pages yet the word ‘disaster' appears only once.There is no analysis of the consequences of an increase in such events.
Although many people are now aware that climate change is making fires,floods,heatwaves and storms more frequent,more severe or both,this knowledge isn't changing policy or research enough.Part of the problem is perception.Future disasters feel unreal to decision-makers,as we've experienced with so many governments' lack of pandemic preparedness,despite years of warning that something similar to COVID-19 was a case of when,not if.Other obstacles are inadequate national and international governance,and communication challenges.The research community has not yet provided effective guidance.
As a consequence,many efforts to achieve the SDGs will,like a house of cards,fall at the first shaking.Our global efforts need to be much more vigorous to the changing and interconnected nature of risk in a warming world.
What now？Researchers must create models that are more understandable and useful to policymakers.When possible,SDG targets and indicators should be redesigned to capture weakness to heatwaves, fires, droughts, floods, hurricanes, mudslides and more. And politicians need to be convinced to invest in precautionary measures and adaptation.
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31、假设你是浦润中学高三学生李青，应邀在与海外友好学校的"云班会（virtual class meeting）"上就"居家生活/学习新技能"的话题做交流，你的发言必须包括：
1.简要介绍你学会的一项有关生活或学习的新技能；
2.学会这一项技能给你带来的变化。
（注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。）
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七、翻译题
32、那位相貌平平的老大爷年轻时是知名的外交家。（turn）
33、近年来减少中小学生过重的学业负担和课外辅导是公众主要关注的问题。（concern）
34、北京冬奥会吉祥物（mascot）冰墩墩（Bing Dwen Dwen）广受追捧得益于设计中的众多中国元素。（why）
35、除非严格控制煤炭消耗量，否则应对气候变化的方案无论制订得多周详，都无法获得成功。（Never）
参考答案
1、答案：①taken②that③who④despite⑤what⑥was represented⑦would/could⑧featuring⑨because⑩bigger
解析：①taken.考查过去分词。句意：野牛群坐落在蒙大拿州西北部18000多英亩的未开发土地上，这些土地是美国政府未经萨利什和库特奈部落批准而征用的。take和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填taken。
②that.考查同位语从句。句意：2020年，国会通过了一项法律，将这片土地的管理权从美国鱼类和野生动物管理局转移回萨利什和库特奈部落。此处引导同位语从句，在从句中不作成分无含义，故填that。
③who.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：美国内政部长哈兰德去年签署了这项法律。先行词为人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。
④despite.考查介词。句意：但尽管发生了悲剧和损失，我们仍然在这里。表示"尽管"，后跟名词，所以用介词，故填despite。
⑤what.考查特殊疑问词。句意：这是值得庆祝的。本句为"特殊疑问词+不定式"作表语，表示"什么"，故填what。
⑥was represented.考查动词时态语态。句意：部落们不相信这段历史在野牛群的游客中心被准确地再现了。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，represent和主语history之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故填was represented。
⑦would/could.考查情态动词。句意：在鱼类和野生动物管理局（Fish and wildlife Service）的监督下，那里的展品之前用了不同部落的词来形容野牛，他们不会接受。表示"会"或"能够"，后跟动词原形，所以用情态动词，故填would/could。
⑧featuring.考查现在分词。句意：游客中心现已开放，展出的新展品更好地反映了这些部落参与保护野牛的努力。feature和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填featuring。
⑨because.考查连词。句意：我们听长辈说一些我们必须保护的东西，因为如果我们不把它放在那里，我们就会失去它给我们的东西，你知道，我们失去了它给我们的力量。表示"因为"，引导原因状语从句，故填because。
⑩bigger.考查比较级。句意：这些部落正在努力建造一个更大的博物馆，它将更靠近美国93号公路。根据后面的closer可知，表示"更大"，所以用比较级，故填bigger。
2、答案：①H②F③C④K⑤E⑥G⑦J⑧A⑨D⑩I
解析：本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了植物性乳制品是可以替代牛奶的。
①考查名词。句意:植物性牛奶多年来越来越受欢迎，但不同牛奶和牛奶替代品的营养成分不同，品牌之间也存在分歧。分析可知，空前是介词，所以空处应填名词，根据后文"The global dairy alternatives market is 2 to grow from $22.25 billion in 2021 to $53.97 billion in 2028"可知，牛奶市场越来越大,所以空处应选popularity意为"受欢迎"，符合句意。故选H项。
②考查动词。句意:根据《财富》商业观察的一-份报告,全球乳制品替代品市场预计将从2021年的2225亿美元增长到2028年的539.7亿美元。根据后文中“to $53.97 billion in 2028”，可推测，现在还未到2028年,所以应该是表预测，所以应填project意为预测"，又本句主语是market与project之间是被动关系，应用被动语态,空前已有be动词is, 空处用project的过去分词。 故选F项
③考查形容词。句意: 2022年2月，世界上第一款士豆牛奶在英国推出，它标榜自己是“市场上最可持续的植物性乳制品替代品”。根据空前的the most可知空处应填形容词，表示..的"，此处分析选项,可知应在A, C, E, I中选， 带入句子中，可知sustainable意为"可持续的"符合句意。故选C项。
④考查名词。句意:虽然有些人会选择乳制品的替代品，但牛奶是钙、蛋白质和维生素D的极佳来源。根据空前是excellent为形容词，所以空处应填名词，再根据空后"of calcium, protein, and vitamin D"可知,应选source意为“来源”， 符合句意。故选K项。
⑤考查形容词。句意:然而，有些人不吃乳制品是因为对口感的不耐受或对环境的担忧，对另-些人来说，健康是激励因素。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the, 空后是名词factor, 所以空处应填形容词，根据后文"factor is health."可推知，此处应填motivational意为“激励的"，激励因素是健康，符合句意。故选E项。
⑥考查副词。句意:植物性牛奶不一定比乳制品"更健康",在遵循植物性饮食时，营养师建议确保不含乳制品的牛奶替代品含有必要的维生素和矿物质。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的healthier, 应用副词，根据后文"when following a plant-based diet, dietitians recommend ensuring your dairy-free milk alternatives are fortified with essential vitamins and minerals"可知本句表达意思为植物性牛奶不一定比乳制品"更健康"，所以应选necessarily意为"必然地"，符合句意。故选G项。
⑦考查副词。句意:营养学家尼古拉拉德拉姆雷恩此前告诉Insider:“强化意味着制造商添加了它们，所以它们会出现在配料表上，或在食品包装上。”分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词，应用副词，用排除法，分析句子选项可知G, J为副词，带入句子中可知，previously意为"先前"符合句意,表示此前告诉之意。故选J项。
⑧考查形容词。句意:牛奶的营养成分在蛋白质、碳水化合物和纤维方面各不相同。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the, 空后是名词content,所以空处应填形容词，再根据后文"in terms of protein, carbs, and fiber",此处说的是牛奶的营养，所以应先nutritional"营养的"，符合句意。故选A项。
⑨考查名词。句意:为了进行比较, Insider选择 了每种牛奶的流行品牌，每杯牛奶尽可能选择不加糖的。根据空前是指示代词，所以空处应填名词，在根据前文"contains lots of calcium and vitamin D, as well as protein. Soy milk is often fortified with calcium, and is also high in protein."可知，这里是作比较，所以选comparison意为"比较"，符合句意。故选D项。
⑩考查形容词。句意:为了进行比较，Insider选择了每种牛奶的流行品牌,每杯牛奶尽可能选择不加糖的。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词options,所以空处应填形容词修饰，根据后文"Here's some nutritional information on our website to bear in mind when choosing which milk to have in your coffee, on your cereal, or alongside a cookie."可推知，营养信息是为了健康,所以应是选择不加糖的牛奶，所以应选unsweetened意为“未加糖的”， 符合句意。故选I项。
3、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我认为只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就会找到一条出路。A. life生命; B. energy能量; C.bacteria细菌; D. voyage航行。由上文的"wherever there's energy that can be exploited by microorganisms"和后文的"there is life at even higher temperatures"可知,句子表示"只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就会找到一条出路"，故选A。
4、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:唯一的办法就是回去再往深处钻。A. think思考; B. research研究; C. practise练习; D. drill钻孔。由后文的"deeper"可知，此处表示往深处钻,故选D。
5、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:研究人员还能够使用一种特殊的设备分离和计数细胞。A. spread传播; B. figure理解，弄懂; C.separate分开; D. reach到达。由后文的"and count cells using a special device"可知，研究人员使用一种特殊的设备分离和计数细胞，故选C。
6、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:这让研究小组感到惊讶,因为这与在较冷的浅层沉积物中发现的情况相反。A. opposite对立的人(或物) ; B. evidence证据; C. coincidence巧合; D. resemblance相似之处。由上文的"Together, the findings show that relatively few cells survive at these temperatures, but those that do have very high metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates'和后文的"where it is much colder"可知，这与在较冷的浅层沉积物中发现的情况相反，空格处意为“对立的人(或物)”,故选A。
7、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:那里有大量的微生物，但它们的新代谢极其缓慢，单个微生物可能会存活数百万年。A. .moderate温和的; B. existent现存的; C. swift快速的; D. plentiful大量的。由后文的"individual microbes"可知，此处表示"那里有大量的微生物"，故选D。
8、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:特鲁德说，生存是一场赛跑。A. game游戏; B. approach方法; C. race赛跑; D. solution解决办法。由上文"microbes may need high metabolisms to generate enough energy to repair this damage"可知，微生物可能需要高代谢来产生足够的能量来修复这种损伤，因此这是一场赛跑, 故选C。
9、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:目前还不清楚这些喜热或嗜热的微生物是什么，因为研究团队无法识别它们的DNA。A. explode爆炸; B. identify识别; C. locate定位; D. attack攻陆。由上文的"It isn't clear what these heat-loving, or thermophilic, microbes are"可知，研究团队无法识别它们的DNA,所以目前还不清楚这些喜热或嗜热的微生物是什么,故选B。
10、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:也不清楚它们是如何出现在沉积物中的，因为在这些样本所来自的沉积物第一次沉积下来之后，很长一段时间里,环境都非常寒冷。A. formed形成; B. deposited沉积; C. tagged给......贴标签; D. covered覆盖。由上文的"the sediments that the samples came from和下一段的"the sediments were deposited"可知，此处表示沉积物的沉积，故选B。
11、答案：A
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:然而，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究小组成员菲利克斯贝尤利格说，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，由于被埋在更多的物质下，它们可能以某种方式粘在上面，直到温度开始上升。A. stuck on贴上; B. moved away移开; C. died off相继死亡; D. run out用完。由上文的"a few thermophilic microbes would have been present"可知，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，以某种方式粘在上面，故选A。
12、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究小组成员菲利克斯贝尤利格说，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，由于被埋在更多的物质下，它们可能以某种方式粘在上面，直到温度开始上升。A. exposed暴露; B. removed去除; C. buried埋葬; D. washed洗。由后文的"under more material"可知，此处表示“埋在更多的物质下”，故选C。
13、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:波茨坦德国地球科学研究中心的研究小组成员弗洛里安舒伯特说，随着温度的上升,所有不能耐受高温的微生物都会逐渐死亡。A. tolerant忍受的; B. afraid害怕的; C. tired累的; D. careful仔细的。由后文的"gradually have died of"可知，此处表示不能耐受高温的微生物都会逐渐死亡，空格处意为“忍受的”，故选A。
14、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:微生物不能适应,它们就会死亡。A. translate翻译; B. adapt适应; C. escape逃跑; D. furnish为(房间或房屋)配备家具。由上文的“all the microbes that weren't， 11 of heat would gradually have died of"可知，微生物不能适应，它们就会死亡，故选B。
15、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:巴黎巴斯德研究所(Pasteur Institute)的帕特里克福泰尔(Patrick Forterre)表示,虽然有可靠的结果显示微生物在106°C下生长，但没有人能够完全复制两项声称微生物在122°C下生长的实验室研究。A. various各种各样的; B.false错误的; C. reliable可靠的; D. different不同的。由后文的"nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at 122°C"可知，句子表示“虽然有可靠的结果显示微生物在106°C下生长，但没有人能够完全复制两项声称微生物在122°C下生长的实验室研究”，故选C。
16、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:很难确定温度上限。A. pass经过; B. break打破; C. outstep超过; D. determine决定,确定。由上文的"nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at 122°C'和下文的"the upper temperature limit"可知，句子表示“很难确定温度上限”，故选D。
17、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因此，他对微生物在120°C 下正常生存的想法持怀疑态度，但他认为它们有可能在更低的温度下以某种方式存活并再次活跃起来。A. capable有能力的; B. doubtful怀疑的; C. sick病的; D. ignorant无知的。由后文的"he does think it is possible that they could somehow survive and became active again at lower temperatures."可知，句子表示"他对微生物在120°C下正常生存的想法持怀疑态度"，故选B。
18、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的One contractor explained that whoever replaced it would need to cut and shape by hand，a labor-intensive and expensive process.（一位承包商解释说，无论谁更换它，都需要手工切割和成型，这是一个劳动密集且昂贵的过程。）可知，作者多年来一直推迟修理破碎的窗户，因为他认为整个过程既麻烦又昂贵。故选D。
19、答案：D
解析：句意理解题。根据第三段的Honestly，the thought of that window ate at me for years.Every time I went down there，every time I went to the hardware store，it kept troubling me.I knew I needed to address it，but I had built up the process （and the price） so much in my mind that I was unable to act.（老实说，一想到那扇窗户我就烦了好几年了。每次我去那里，每次我去五金店，它总是困扰着我。我知道我需要解决这个问题，但我在脑海中建立了太多的过程（和价格），以至于我无法采取行动。）可知，the thought of that window ate at me 意为"总是让我心烦"。故选D。
20、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的A potential buyer couldn't get a loan on the property if there was a broken window.So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head-on.It had been at least 5 years.（如果窗户坏了，潜在买家就无法获得贷款。所以我脱下板子正面面对这件事。这至少有5年了。）可知，卖房子的时候窗户成为了障碍，让作者决定要解决这个窗户。故选C。
21、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段I used to procrastinate （keep leaving things that should be done until later）.（我过去常常拖延（把应该做的事情留到以后再做）。）可知，作者有拖延症，他不太可能建议列出要推迟的事情，做最难的事情。故选B。
22、答案：D
解析：标题确定题。根据第一段中的The World Bank Group （WBG），headquartered in Washington DC，has launched a global search for the Senior Vice President & Group General Counsel. （总部位于华盛顿特区的世界银行集团（WBG）已开始在全球范围内招聘高级副总裁兼集团总法律顾问。）可知，本文是一篇招聘广告，因此D项Wanted：Senior Vice President & Group General Counsel（招聘：高级副总裁兼集团总法律顾问）概括文意，可以作为本文标题。故选D。
23、答案：C
解析：推理判读题。根据本文中间部分 Intellectual leadership and substantial legal expertise in devising innovative solutions to enable the WBG to meet its developmental objectives and challenges. Deep understanding of international law and the complex geopolitical landscape including knowledge of the global development agenda. Strong leadership experience with a track record of developing，inspiring and empowering multicultural teams within complex organizations. Strong communication skills and ability to build relationships with all stakeholders and work cooperatively across the WBG.（ 在制定创新解决方案方面发挥智慧领导力和丰富的法律专业知识，使世行集团能够实现其发展目标和挑战。 深刻理解国际法和复杂的地缘政治格局，了解全球发展议程。 具有丰富的领导经验，在复杂的组织中发展、激励和授权多元文化团队。 具有较强的沟通能力，能够与所有股东建立良好的关系，并在整个世行集团内开展合作。）可知，中间部分是对应聘者职责和资格的要求。故选C。
24、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据表格最后部分的第一段The Senior Vice President & Group General Counsel will report to the WBG President and serve on the Senior Leadership Team to ensure the success of the WBG in fulfilling its missions in a sustainable way. （高级副行长兼集团总法律顾问将向世行集团行长汇报工作，并加入世行集团高级领导团队，以确保世行集团以可持续的方式成功完成其使命。）可知，该职位需要在世界银行行长的监督下在团队中工作。故选D。
25、答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的So when you get to an island that does have rats，you really notice because it's cacophony versus quiet.（所以，当你到达一个有老鼠的岛屿时，你会注意到，因为它是嘈杂的，而不是安静的。）可知，cacophony意为"不愉快的声音"。A.Silent night沉默的夜晚；B.Messy beach混乱的海滩；C.Limited space有限的空间；D.Disagreeable sounds不愉快的声音。故选D。
26、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的Without birds to eat seashore invertebrates （无脊椎动物），populations of snails and other species feeding on plants exploded and consumed much of the marine kelp （巨藻），which provides crucial habitat for other organisms.（由于没有鸟类来捕食海岸无脊椎动物，以植物为食的蜗牛和其他物种的数量激增，消耗了大量的巨藻，而巨藻为其他生物提供了重要的栖息地。）可知，巨藻对小动物或植物很重要。故选B。
27、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的Those early findings inspired the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service，in partnership with The Nature Conservancy and Island Conservation，to wipe out the rats by dropping poison on Hawadax.Kurle and her colleagues secured funding to survey the island 5 and 11 years after taking the action.They found that its ecosystem had steadily recovered and now resembles that of other Aleutian Islands that were never invaded by rats，with significantly fewer marine invertebrates and much more kelp cover.（这些早期的发现激发了美国鱼类和野生动物服务局与自然保护和岛屿保护组织合作，通过向哈瓦达斯投放毒药来消灭老鼠。库尔和她的同事在采取行动5年和11年后获得了调查该岛的资金。他们发现，阿留申群岛的生态系统已经稳步恢复，现在与其他从未被老鼠入侵的阿留申群岛相似，海洋无脊椎动物明显减少，海带覆盖面积大大增加。）可知，哈瓦达斯岛案例中做的努力有：为后续研究筹集资金；与保护团体携手合作；比较夏威夷与其他无鼠岛。没有提到A项内容。故选A。
28、答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文和第二段的Roughly a decade after a successful effort to rid the island of its predatory rodents （捕食性啮齿动物），a mass of seabirds has returned.And the benefits have extended across the island's entire seashore ecosystem，which is again full of diverse life.（在成功清除岛上的食肉啮齿动物大约十年后，大量海鸟又回来了。这些好处已经扩展到了岛上整个海岸生态系统，这里再次充满了多样的生命。）可知，文章主要介绍了清除陆地上的入侵者可以使海洋生物受益。故选D。
29、答案：①-④FADC
解析：①F.推理判断题。本空是一个段尾句。根据上文Other parents with autistic children started telling him that their kids were crazy about a game that let them explore a randomly generated wilderness.（其他有自闭症孩子的父母开始告诉他，他们的孩子对一个让他们探索随机生成的荒野的游戏很着迷。）以及下文So，in 2013，Duncan，a web developer in Timmins，Canada，set up a server to run a version of Minecraft exclusively for children with autism and their families.（因此，在2013年，加拿大Timmins的网络开发人员Duncan建立了一个服务器，专门为自闭症儿童及其家庭运行一个版本的《我的世界》。）可知，空处应该涉及到这款游戏对于自闭症儿童的弊端。由此才能引出下文的专门针对自闭症儿童及其家庭运行的一个版本。故选项F.However，despite loving the game，many of the children were being bullied by other players.（然而，尽管热爱这个游戏，许多孩子还是被其他玩家欺负。）承上启下，符合语境。选项中的"the game"即指下文的Minecraft。故选F。
②A.段落大意题。根据上文可知，2013年，Duncan专门为自闭症儿童及其家庭运行一个版本的《我的世界》。结合下文The community boasts nearly 7000 members，along with a team of admins to help manage its many activities. （该社区拥有近7000名成员，还有一个管理员团队来帮助管理它的许多活动。）讲到了这一在线社区的发展壮大，可知，空处应该涉及时间线索。故选项A.Now，almost three years later，running "Autcraft" is his full-time job.（现在，差不多三年过去了，运行"Autcraft"是他的全职工作。）符合语境。故选A。
③D.推理判断题。根据上文The server caught the eye of Kate Ringland at the University of California，Irvine.（这个服务器引起了加州大学欧文分校的凯特 瑞格兰德的注意。）以及下文"Autcraft" should be looked upon as not just another online community，but as a tool.（"Autcraft"不应仅仅被视为另一个在线社区，而是一种工具。）可知，Kate Ringland对该服务器进行了积极的评价。因此，空处应该涉及Kate Ringland的该服务器的调查研究。故选项D.She has spent 60 hours inside this virtual world，watching how the kids play and chat to one another.（她在这个虚拟世界里呆了60个小时，观察孩子们如何玩耍和聊天。）承上启下，符合语境。选项中的"she"指代上文的Kate Ringland。故选D。
④C.段落大意题。根据下文They may struggle to pick up on social cues or understand another person's perspective.（他们可能很难领会社交暗示或理解另一个人的观点。）可知，本段提到了"社交"，提到了社交时的挑战。故选项C.Everyday social situations can be challenging for autistic children.（对于自闭症儿童来说，日常的社交场合可能是具有挑战性的。）能引领下文。"They"指代选项中的"autistic children"，"struggle"与"can be challenging"也是暗示点。故选C。
30、答案：
As we all know,climate change leads to extreme events. （气候变化的危害）While many people realize that climate change has caused damage to the world,this knowledge doesn't make a difference to policy or research enough.【高分句型一】（人们知道气候变化的危害，但是并没有影响政策制定者）Therefore,many efforts to achieve the SDGs will fail easily. （努力很容易失败）It is up to the researchers to create models that can be understood and help the policymakers.【高分句型二】（研究人员应该怎么做）
解析：本文为说明文。文章介绍气候变化会带来极端的危害，但是，很多努力都是无效的，研究人员应该创造一些易于理解的模式，帮助政策制定者。
高分句型一: While many people realize that climate change has caused damage to the world, this knowledge doesn't make a difference to policy or research enough.
译文:虽然许多人意识到气候变化对世界造成了损害,但这些知识对政策或研究的影响还不够。
分析:这句话使用了while引导的让步状语从句。
高分句型二: It is up to the researchers to create models that can be understood and help the policymakers.
译文:这取决于研究人员创建可以理解并帮助决策者的模型。
分析:这句话使用了It is up to sb. to do sth.意为"由某人决定做某事"; that引导的是定语从句。
31、答案：
The new skill I have learned recently is skating,which is the most popular activity during winter.（学会的技能是滑冰）
When I was little,I got a chance to skate.However,it was not as easy as I assumed it would be.【高分句型一】When I put on the ice skates,I could barely stand on the ice.But I really wanted to learn this skill.Later on,I would start practicing early in the morning.I know that practice makes perfect.And I am capable of gliding on the ice after practicing.（学会滑冰的过程）The learning process tells me that we will confront various difficulties in our life.What we can do is to never give up and we will succeed someday in the future.【高分句型二】（感受）
解析：高分句型一：However，it was not as easy as I assumed it would be.
译文：然而，这并不像我想象的那么容易。
分析：这句话使用了not as...as译为"不如..."。
高分句型二：What we can do is to never give up and we will succeed someday in the future.
译文：我们所能做的就是永不放弃，我们将在未来的某一天取得成功。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的主语从句。
32、答案：The plain old man turned out to be a famous diplomat when he was young.
解析：.根据语意，主从句都用一般过去时；when he was young是时间状语从句；turn out to be原来是。故填：The plain old man turned out to be a famous diplomat when he was young.
33、答案：In recent years,reducing the heavy academic burden of primary and secondary school students and extracurricular counseling are the main concerns of the public.
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。"近年来"是in recent years,因此句子时态用现在完成时，"减少中小学生过重的学业负担和课外辅导"用动名词短语作主语，翻译为reducing excessive academic work and off-campus tutoring for primary and middle school students,动名词作主语，其后谓语动词用单数, "是公众主要关注的问题"是has been a major issue of public concern,因此整句话翻译为"In recent years, reducing excessive academic work and off-campus tutoring for primary and middle school students has been a major issue of public concern."。故答案为In recent years, reducing excessive academic work and off-campus tutoring for primary and middle school students has been a major issue of public concern.
34、答案：The reason why Bing Dwen Dwen,the mascot of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games,is widely sought after is that there are many Chinese elements in the design.
解析：分析句子，句子为一般现在时。"北京冬奥会吉祥物（mascot）冰墩墩（Bing Dwen Dwen）广受追捧"译为The reason why Bing Dwen Dwen，the mascot of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games，is widely sought after；"得益于设计中的众多中国元素"译为is that there are many Chinese elements in the design。故填：The reason why Bing Dwen Dwen，the mascot of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games，is widely sought after is that there are many Chinese elements in the design.
35、答案：Unless coal consumption is strictly controlled, no matter how well formulated, plans to deal with climate change will be never successful.
解析：分析句子，句子应用一般现在时。"除非严格控制煤炭消耗量"译为Unless coal consumption is strictly controlled；"无论制订得多周详"译为no matter how well formulated；"应对气候变化的方案"译为plans to deal with climate change；"都无法获得成"译为will be never successful。故填：Unless coal consumption is strictly controlled，no matter how well formulated，plans to deal with climate change will be never successful.
