2024年7月份第3周
英语
一、阅读理解
The world is full of screens. They are on TVs, computers and smartphones. Screens are at school, at home, and just about everywhere in between. The time people spend every day looking at screens is known as “screen time.” Most families have rules about how much time children can spend with screens. Why do they have rules Are there good reasons to limit screen time
In many ways, screens are helpful for communication and connecting with other people. Social media and video calls allow people to be always in touch with one another. ________By sharing and commenting on videos, photos, games or music, people can meet others who have similar interests.
However, some adults are worried that young people spend too much time on screens and not enough time meeting people in real life. As a result, they may not properly understand feelings or develop strong relationships.
Many kinds of screen time may be good for students. Students may use screen time to develop their skills in creating music or videos. They may even learn skills such as coding (编程) computer programs. When students use their screen time to do research online, they may meet people who are different from them or ideas they have never thought about before.
However, some researchers think that screens change how the brain processes information. Some have linked (连接) screen time to lower test scores or less attention time.
In the future, scientists will continue studying the effects of screen time. Parents will likely continue to make rules limiting screen time. Plenty of good things can come from all this screen time, but it’s a good idea for people to pay attention to how much time in a day they spend looking at a screen. They should know how screen time influences their health, relationships, and learning.
1．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ________” in Paragraph 2.
A. People create videos and photos with their screen time.
B. People spend too much time sharing photos and videos.
C. Screen time can also help people build new relationships.
D. Screen time encourages people to meet friends in real life.
2．Which group of screen-time activities would “coding” belong to
A. Social media. B. Learning Skills.
C. Playing Games. D. Researching online.
3．What’s the author’s opinion on screen time
A. It should be increased. B. It should not be limited
C. It should be made good use of. D. It should not be allowed at school.
4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A. B. C. D.
5．What would be the best title for the passage
A. What Is Screen Time B. Screen Time and Learning.
C. Screen Time: Good or Bad D. Screen Time and Social Life.
Two of the saddest words in the English language are"if only".I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words,because they convey regret,lost opportunities,mistakes,and disappointment.
My father is famous in our family for saying."Take the extra minute to do it right.I always try to live by the"extra minute rule.When my children were young and likely to cause accidents,I always thought about what I could do to avoid an"if only moment,whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter,or something that required a little more work such as taping padding()onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.
I don＇t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety.It’s equally important to avoid＂if only＂in our personal relationships.We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”.When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday，I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here.But then I thought about the fact that he＇s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him.I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say ＂if only＂about something，but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality(可能发生的事).And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right，or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection，I know that I’m doing the right thing.I＇m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.
6．Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute”rule
A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated.
B. Leave the room for a minute with the iron working/
C. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.
D. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.
7．The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to_______.
A. keep her appointment with the eye doctor.
B. meet her father who was already an old man.
C. join in the holiday celebration of the company.
D. finish her work before the deadline.
8．The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. avoided B. lacked C. abandoned D. took
9．What is the best title for the passage
A. The Emotional Well-being.
B. The Two Saddest Words.
C. The Most Useful Rule.
D. The Peace of Mind.
The term "pseudo-working" is used to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard—he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night—but because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she doesn't actually accomplish much.
This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee. They were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain's ability to think clearly and efficiently accomplish the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don't even realize that they're pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work—it's how they've always done it, and it's how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but also is mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that about fifty minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material amount integrated per time unit. So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula (公式) ：work accomplished=time spent × intensity of focus.
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.
10．Which of the following phenomena is NOT pseudo-working
A.Alex takes an online class while having snacks at a study lounge.
B.Lucy spends a long time in the library on her essay while listening to music.
C.Emily and Sara read their favorite books as they talk about entertainment news.
D.Nick is busy taking notes while attending a training course in an academic hall.
11．What's the major problem of most students compared with straight-A students
A.They are unaware of the fact that they are pseudo-working.
B.They have never thought about how to improve their study efficiency.
C.They are doing something to harm their brain's ability to think clearly.
D.They are willing to spend much time studying in a distracting environment.
12．What does the underlined word "optimal" mean in paragraph 5
A.Least. B.Best. C.Delicate. D.Accurate.
13．What does the author want to stress by mentioning the formula
A.The length of time spent on study counts.
B.Getting work done quickly means everything.
C.Concentration plays a key role in study.
D.The effective study approach is very important.
Memorial Day is a time that many associate with a slower pace affording, maybe, a little more free time to read. We asked some of our regular book reviewers what titles they are most looking forward to reading this summer. Here's what they said.
The Wind Knows My Name by Isabel Allende When I learned that the novel has Nogales, Arizona, where I was born, as its backdrop, I put it on the top of my reading list. It shapes romanticism around social political history. I'm extremely eager to find what she discovers in our borderlands. —Marcela Davison Avilés Time's Mouth by Edan Lepucki Time's Mouth is a story by The New York Times bestselling author Edan Lepucki, about mothers, memories, what we inherit(继承) and what we choose to keep. It's set in the New Age world of California featuring time travel, life force and psychoanalysis. —Lily Meyer
Family Lore by Elizabeth Acevedo Elizabeth Acevedo has won the book world's most desired prizes, including the National Book Award and Carnegie Medal for The Poet X. Family Lore, her first novel for adults, is an American drama and one of her most personal creations—inspired in part by her eight aunts and interest in how culture and traditions are made. —Carole Bell Witness by Jamel Brinkley Jamel Brinkley's first publication, A Lucky Man, was one of the best books of 2018, which looks at family, identity and desire. His follow-up collection contains stories about people who choose to speak on behalf of others. Brinkley is extremely talented, making this one of the year's most desired works of American fiction. —Michael Schaub
14．Why does Avilés choose The Wind Knous My Name
A. It has a bond with her. B.It is based on a true story.
C. It evaluates social politics. D. It tells the history of Nogales.
15．Whose work is partly inspired by relatives
A. Isabel Allende's. B. Edan Lepucki's.
C. Elizabeth Acevedo's. D. Jamel Brinkley's.
16．What do we know about Witness
A. It is the best book of the year. B. It is Brinkley's second book.
C. It mainly talks about modern life. D.It contains many family stories.
A group of Dexter cows fitted with mini-loudspeakers playing beats around their necks has been gathered to graze (吃草) around Little Doward Hill Fort (山堡) , which was built in the 5th century BC, in the Wye Valley.
Grazing cows help support soil health, spread seeds and stop the plants from growing wildly, and the Woodland Trust hopes they will help restore the 820,000 square meters of woodland.
But to get rid of the need for unsightly fences made of wooden posts and rails which can prevent cows wandering off, they are using new technology instead. A small device on a solar-powered collar will play a musical sound as the cows approach a virtual fence tracked by a positioning system which also allows the Woodland Trust to change the grazing area the cows can enter when necessary.
"Little Doward is a really ancient and special site with not only the fort which looks over the beautiful Wye Valley, but ancient woodland as well, "said Richard Brown, Woodland Trust site manager. "It is a bit of a battle to protect the fort from plants and we have turned to grazing a small group of friendly Dexter cows. " The woods contain several rare species of wildlife, including the endangered Cosnard's net-winged beetle, a kind of insect. The site still contains a significant number of ancient and dead trees which provide deadwood for its rare species.
"For nature and restoration the cows are ideal grazers across a wide range of species that help spread seeds through their waste and gently move the soil around but without destruction, "said Mr Brown. "For the fort itself they are able to stop plants completely surrounding it and the virtual fencing technology, with an app, helps us to move the cows around—in effect, move the fence." "The cows are very friendly too, so if people do visit, don't be scared-they may just want to come up to you and say hello!"
17．Why are Dexter cows introduced to Little Doward Hill Fort
A.To test virtual fences. B.To improve biodiversity.
C.To stop plants growing. D.To protect the environment.
18．What is the small device used to do
A.Lead the way for cows. B.Monitor the woodland directly.
C.Transform the look of fences. D.Keep cows inside certain areas.
19．What is the purpose of stressing Little Doward's specialness
A.To publicize its unique ancient views.
B.To show the significance of restoration.
C.To indicate the difficulty of the project.
D.To prove the urgency of wildlife preservation.
20．What does Mr Brown think of the project
A.It has potential limitations.
B.It's the product of technology.
C. It's a win-win situation all around.
D. It holds special appeal for visitors
二、七选五
21．How To Be More Productive At Work
Do you sometimes feel like you have a lot to do but very little time to do it You are definitely having productivity problems but relax, it happens to everyone. Here are some important work tips that you can follow to improve your productivity.
Focus On One Task
Some people have the habit of multitasking (多重任务处理), which is great but it might distract you from the bigger picture. Multitasking might help you with different tasks, you might also feel like the master of all trades but your productivity won’t increase in the long run. Focus on one task at a time, this will allow you to complete that task with high standards. ① .
Learn To Take A Break
This might seem a bit unbelievable at first but you really need to know when to take a break. Regular breaks are actually great at the workplace. ② . Most workplaces ensure that their employees take regular breaks, which improves their overall productivity. ③ . At home, move away from work and focus on yourself, then return back to work, this will allow your work to progress effectively.
Set Small But Effective Goals
④ . Stress might be the normal response here but you can also play it smart. You are going to get the task done eventually but let’s make the process even more efficient. You can break any large task into small but manageable tasks, which will help you stay productive and will also make the best of time.
⑤
Many people love to perfectly carryout a task, but the thing is that perfection doesn’t actually exist. You can only do the best according to your abilities and wait for the results. You can also revisit some tasks or projects and try to improve them if you can.
A. Wait For The Best Results Patiently
B. Forget About The Idea Of Perfection
C. When the task is done, you can move on to the next one
D. What matters at this time is to improve your productivity
E. You are given large tasks, but what matters is how to deal with them
F. You can also try this approach at home, if you are not being monitored
G. They help in reducing stress and also increase your overall productivity
22． It's never easy to say "nо", especially when we're asked by someone close to us.①_______Don't worry, we've put together some tips to help you politely refuse a request without feeling guilty or hurting anyone's feelings in the process.
Be kind but forthright. Though you can always just say "nо" on your own terms, you might find more success by filling your refusal with positivity. ②_______There's no need to hide the real reason why you're saying "no" , as long as you can express it in a polite manner.
③_______It's important to set boundaries(界限) with co-workers and close friends alike. People shouldn't expect they can take advantage of you or that you'll drop everything for them at the last minute. Aim for relationships in which both of you feel glad to say "yes" when you can but are also understanding when one of you can't.
Offer a brief explanation. Providing an explanation as to why you're refusing a request is one polite way to say "nо". For instance, if you already have other work this week , let the person know that. You'd better avoid adding too much fluff(无足轻重的东西)to your explanation. ④_______
Know yourself. Knowing yourself and your needs will help you decide if you should say "no". Have a brainstorming session about areas where you have too much on your plate. ⑤_______You need to be able to take care of yourself before you can show up fc others.
A. Set healthy boundaries.
B. Be honest about your own needs.
C. When should you say "no" to them
D. Set boundaries between work and your personal life.
E. That can very likely give the other person false hopes.
F. You can try keeping your voice calm, kind and welcoming.
G. How can you stand your ground politely without feeling guilty
23．How to Plan a Party on a Budget
Throwing a party can be lots of fun, but you might be worried about the cost. ①_______ Keeping your food bill down will decrease one of the biggest expenses. If you plan ahead, you can add special touches to make your party look and feel special, even if you're working with a small budget.
Cook simple but crowd-pleasing dishes. You don't have to go all out when it comes to feeding your guests. Baked chicken fingers/wings, green salads, stews (炖煮的菜肴) ... can all be inexpensive. ②_______ In this case, everyone will have plenty to eat and you'll have more time to socialize.
③_______For an even more inexpensive option, ask each guest to bring a food or drink of their own to share. It can be lots of fun to learn about each other's favorites. If you don't want your guests to be responsible for the whole meal, you can ask them to bring just part, like a drink or dessert, and you provide the main food.
Stick to snacks and appetizers instead of main dishes. Serving finger foods and small plates gives people more opportunities to talk to other guests, instead of being stuck at a seat with a full meal. ④_______
Throw a dessert party. Everyone wants sweets, so why not come to the point Host a party where you serve a few desserts. ⑤_______ You can also ask guests to bring their favorite so everyone can share and have a taste.
A. Go for a recipe exchange.
B. It can also cut your party costs.
C. Even store-bought ones will be a hit.
D. Don't panic—you have other options.
E. It's also easy to make a large amount at one time.
F. There's no need for a great party to break the bank, however.
G. Look for everyday items you can use to add appeal to your party.
Do you have certain friends with whom you can share your happiness and anxiety
三、短文填空
24．Longmen Grottoes
Set on the banks of the Yi River, 12km south of the current Luoyang City, the Longmen Grottoes are ranked first of the Four Great Grotioes in China, together with Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Yungang Grottoes in Datong and Mount Maiji Grottoes in Tianshui. They were also listed in the World Cultural Heritages and Relics by UNESCO in 2000.
①_____(Locate) between the Xiangshan Mountain and the Longmen Mountain, with the YiRiver flowing below, the Longmen Grottoes are ②_____(harmony) with mountains, forests and rivers displaying a peaceful atmosphere. Viewing it at a distance, it looks like ③_____ natural gate, which gave it the name “Yi Que (the gate of the Yi River)”. According to legend, ④_____ Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty climbed on Mount Mang north of Luoyang, he was very pleased and ordered the eastern capital ⑤_____(build) here with its palace gate opposite the Yique. Thus, it came to be named, Longmen Gate.
Longmen Gate also houses ⑥_____(rough) 2860 stele inscriptions (碑刻), making ⑦_____ a treasure for ancient calligraphy study. In total, more than 100,000 Buddhist statues and niches ⑧_____(carve) into the cliffs by ancient Chinese people ranging from the largest one, the Vairocana Buddha with a ⑨_____(high) of 17.14 meters, ⑩_____ the smallest one of 2 centimeters.
Wandering in the Longmen Grottoes, one is amazed by the delicate carving skills, deep Buddhist culture and great art achievements of Chinese people.
25． For the past twenty years, Chen Huili, a cultural heritage monitor and guide, has devoted herself to ①_____(protect) the carvings of the Yuanjue Cave, part of the Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing, ②_____ were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999.
While showing visitors around, Chen became painfully aware of the serious damage to the cave ③_____(cause) by the passage of time. The flat-roofed cave lacked something to support its weight. As a result, the ceiling was coming off in pieces, posing a great threat to the priceless carvings. With related knowledge and great eagerness ④_____(save) the sculptures, Chen joined the protection centre.
⑤_____ time went by, Chen's experience grew and eventually she developed her unique approach to protecting cultural heritage. She ⑥_____(involve) in a number of major projects so far, including the eight-year restoration of the Thousand-Armed Avalokitesvara (千手观音). And with her team's hard efforts, ⑦_____(effect) measures such as hydraulic iron frames (液压铁架) have now been ⑧_____(successful) introduced to support the roof of the Yuanjue Cave.
⑨_____ her remarkable achievements, Chen remains unsatisfied. In her opinion, it's highly necessary to improve the role of technology in cultural heritage protection and to train young talent for this field. For Chen, the Yuanjue Cave will remain a focus and she believes there will be many fruitful ⑩_____(discovery) further down the line.
26． In November 2023, China launched a three-year action plan to promote the use of bamboo as a replacement ①_____ plastic. Actually, I've been using bamboo products more often over the years.
The look and feel of bamboo are absolutely above and beyond plastic, ②_____ there must be more positive aspects to bamboo other than just aesthetics(美学). When compared to ③_____(healthy) plastic, bamboo is a highly renewable, natural material that is biodegradable(可生物降解的) and ④_____(become) the "green gold" of modern times in recent years because it has so many good qualities. ⑤_____(live) in a time when most of our homes are filled with plastic, I think it's time to wake up to the green alternative and realize ⑥_____(it) full potential as a planet protector.
This super-powered plant is actually a grass and looks like a weed in terms of ⑦_____ quickly it can grow and where it can live. The production costs of bamboo are extremely low due to the easy ⑧_____(available) of this material, and it requires almost zero adjustment ⑨_____(make) when people produce bamboo products. From household objects to decorative settings, the quantity of uses bamboo has ⑩_____(go) beyond your wildest dreams and I'd love to see it becoming more popular as time goes on.
四、书面表达
27．上周六你校学生聆听了题为“防溺水安全教育”的讲座，请你给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.讲座的时间、地点；
2.讲座的内容；
3.同学们的反响。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Safety Education against Drowning
28．假定你是李华，你校英文报就关于近年全国发生数起严重的校园欺凌（school bullying）的现象向全校同学征稿，请你写一篇英语文章投稿，内容如下：
1.校园欺凌的不良影响；
2.面对校园欺凌，你如何应对。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.首句已给出，不计入总词数。
How to protect ourselves in school bullying
Recently, school-bullying is a hot topic again, which has raised concern of people from all walks of life.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
29．假定你是李华,某英文杂志中学生生活版块正在招聘兼职作者,请你写一封申请信,内容包括:
1.写信目的;
2.说明优势;
3.表达期待。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、完形填空（15空）
High school graduations are one of the most important moments in a teenager’s life. 1 , heading into the ceremony on June 6th, David was stopped at the door by a gatekeeper. So you can imagine how 2 David was. Although his sneakers were not extremely unacceptable, David learned it was not allowed to wear them at school and he was 3 entry.
David was about to 4 his chance to walk across the stage with his classmate when he caught sight of a 5 face. Butler, a famous local educator, came to the graduation as a parent. Learning David’s unpleasant situation, he accompanied the young man back to the entry to see if he could 6 the gatekeeper’s mind.
“I was hoping that she would let it go, but she 7 not letting this young man in, and I didn’t have time to 8 with her,” Butler said. “I wasn’t going to let him miss the most 9 moment in his life for anything.” Without missing a beat, Butler simply changed his 10 with David. Just as the 11 closed, David made it inside the hall. Eventually he saved David from ruining his graduation day.
Although firstly 12 by the last-minute exchange, Butler’s family were thrilled that his quick thinking turned a very 13 situation into a joyful celebration. “I wasn’t 14 because Mr. Butler is always helpful,” a grateful parent of David’s said.
It’s said that a truly 15 man will give the shirt off his back to someone in need. Now it seems, the saying also applies to the shoes off his feet.
30．A. Luckily B. Besides C. However D. Instead
31．A. angry B. upset C. eager D. frightened
32．A. refused B. uninvited C. invited D. placed
33．A. destroy B. miss C. seize D. end
34．A. strange B. happy C. friendly D. serious
35．A. read B. draw C. relax D. change
36．A. agreed on B. complained about
C. insisted on D. argued about
37．A. reason B. talk C. quarrel D. trade
38．A. decisive B. unbelievable C. important D. fitting
39．A. shirt B. gifts C. role D. shoes
40．A. event B. doors C. school D. curtains
41．A. annoyed B. entertained C. confused D. worried
42．A. hard B. sad C. stupid D. ugly
43．A. surprised B. excited C. disappointed D. annoyed
44．A. inspired B. strong C. generous D. rich
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一，二句In many ways, screens are helpful for communication and connecting with other people. Social media and video calls allow people to be always in touch with one another. (在许多方面，屏幕有助于与他人交流和联系。社交媒体和视频通话让人们始终保持联系。)和最后一句By sharing and commenting on videos, photos, games or music, people can meet others who have similar interests. (通过分享和评论视频、照片、游戏或音乐，人们可以遇到有相似兴趣的人。)可推断，屏幕时间也可以帮助人们建立新的关系。故选C。
2．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句They may even learn skills such as coding (编程) computer programs.(他们甚至可以学习编程等技能。)可知，编程属于学习技能屏幕实践活动。故选B。
3．答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句Plenty of good things can come from all this screen time, but it’s a good idea for people to pay attention to how much time in a day they spend looking at a screen. (看屏幕的时间可以带来很多好处，但人们最好注意一下自己在一天中看屏幕的时间。)可推断，作者对屏幕时间的看法是应该好好利用。结合选项A.It should be increased.它应该被增加;B.lt should not be limited.它不应该受到限制;C.It should be made qood use of.应该好好利用它;D.lt should not be allowed at scho01.这在学校是不允许的。分析可知，C项符合，作者对屏幕时间的看法。故选 C。
4．答案：D
解析：写作手法题。根据第一段最后一句提出问题Are there good reasons to limit screen time (限制看屏幕的时间有什么好的理由吗 )，第二、三、四、五段讨论了屏幕时间的优缺点。第六段总结要合理利用屏幕时间。故文章的结构为总一分→总结构，故选D。
5．答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，根据最后一段In the future, scientists will continue studying the effects of screen time. (未来，科学家将继续研究屏幕时间的影响。)及全文可知，本文主要讨论了现代社会中屏幕时间时长优缺点的问题。结合选项A.What Is Screen Time 什么是屏幕时间 ;B.Screen Time and Learning.屏幕时间和学习;C.ScreenTime:Good or Bad 屏幕时间:好还是坏 D.Screen Time and Social Life.屏幕时间和社交生活。分析可知，C项符合文章的主旨大意。故选C。
6．答案：D
解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段“New South Wales, Australia, is setting up cameras as part of an effort to reduce the number of people preoccupied with wireless devices while they drive.t will be the first area in the world to use the technology to punish drivers distracted(分心)with telephone calls, social media or text messages"澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头,以减少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信分心的司机将是世界上第一个。所以判断出,新南威尔士设置摄像头的真正目的是迫使司机更专注于驾驶。故选D。
7．答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Road Safety experts are concerned about the growing number of accidents involving drivers using smartphones on the state's roads. They say drivers who use phones while driving greatly increase their chances of being involved in an accident."可知道路安全专家对越来越多的司机在州内道路上使用智能手机的事故表示关注。他们说,司机在开车时使用手机,大大增加了发生事故的可能性。所以判断出,道路安全专家认为急需采取措施禁止开车时使用手机。故选B。
8．答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The units use artificial intelligence to set aside drivers who are not touching their phones. Human being then confirm if the pictures show illegal behavior before notice is sent to the vehicle's registered owner."可知这些装置使用人工智能技术,将不接触手机的司机隔离开来。然后,在通知车主之前由人类确认照片上是否有违法行为。因此,手机检测装置是把人工智能和人类的努力结合起来。故选C。
9．答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Two fixed cameras took photographs of 8.5 million vehicles as part of a six- month test earlier this year. The cameras took photos of more than 100000 drivers with their hands on phones."可知今年早些时候,作为为期6个月的测试的一部分,两个固定摄像头拍摄了850万辆汽车的照片。这些摄像头拍摄了10万多名驾驶员的手拿着手机的照片。所以,六个月的测试显示了许多司机在开车时使用电子设备。故选B。
10．答案：D
解析：推断根据文章前两段内容可知，伪学习的特点是看 起来努力，但是缺乏集中力，实际上并没有完成多少工作。前 三个选项中的人物都没有完全集中精力，是伪学习的表现，D 选项则不是，故D选项正确。
11．答案：A
解析：理解具体信息根据文章第四段中的"The bigger problem here is that most students don't even realize that they're pseudo-working"可知，主要问题就是大多数学生甚至没有意识 到他们在伪学习。故A选项正确。
12．答案：B
解析：理解词汇明题意：本题问"第五段画线词‘optimal’的 意思是什么？"→寻线索：根据文章第五段内容可知，成为优等 生最重要的技能是拥有用最少的努力快速完成工作的能力，一 些认知科学研究得出结论：约50分钟是最佳的最大化每单位 时间内总材料数量的学习时长→定答案：A项"最少的"，B项 "最好的"，C项"微妙的"，D项"精确的"。故B选项正确。
13．答案：C
解析： 推断 根据文章第五段内容尤其是"To understand their secret to success...intensity of focus"可知，约50分钟是最佳学 习时长，根据公式可知，在时长相同的情况下，完成的工作量要 想变大，那么专注的强度就必须变大，所以作者提到这个公式 是想强调在学习中专注力非常重要。故C选项正确。
14．答案：A
解析：考查理解具体信息的能力。解题步骤如下:本题问的是“为什么Avilés选择《风知道我的名字》”。根据The Wind Knows My Name by Isabel Allende部分中的“When I learned that the novel has Nogales, Arizona, where I was born, as its backdrop, I put it on the top of my reading list”可知,了解到该小说以自己的出生地—亚利桑那州的诺加利斯—为背景后,Avilés决定要读一读。由此可知,该小说与Avilés有一定的联系。A项“它与她有联系”;B项“它以一个真实的故事为蓝本”;C项“它评价了社会政治”;D项“它讲述了诺加利斯的历史”。故A项正确。
15．答案：C
解析：考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Family Lore by Elizabeth Acevedo部分中的“Family Lore, her first novel for adults... inspired in part by her eight aunts”可知,Elizabeth Acevedo创作《家族传说》的部分灵感来自她的八个姨母(即亲戚),故C项正确。
16．答案：B
解析：考查理解具体信息的能力。解题步骤如下:本题问的是“关于《见证》,我们知道些什么”。根据该书介绍中的“Jamel Brinkley's first publication, A Lucky Man... His follow-up collection contains stories about people who choose to speak on behalf of others”可知,Brinkley的第一本出版物《幸运的人》是2018年最好的书之一,他的下一本书包含了那些选择代表他人发言的人的故事,而这本书就是《见证》。A项“它是今年最好的书”;B项“它是Brinkley 的第二本书”;C项“它主要谈论现代生活”;D项“它含有许多家庭故事”。故B项正确。
17．答案：D
解析：根据第二段中的“Grazing cows help support soil health... help restore the 820, 000 square meters of woodland”可知，放牛有助 于维持土壤健康、传播种子并阻止植物疯 狂生长，林地信托基金会希望它们能够帮 助恢复820000平方米的林地。由此可 知，将德克斯特牛引入Little Doward 山堡 的目的是保护环境。
18．答案：D
解析：根据第三段中的“But to get rid of the need for unsightly fences... which can prevent cows wandering off, they are using new technology instead. A small device...system”可知，这个小设备使牛待在虚拟篱笆 之内。故D项正确。
19．答案：B
解析：根据第四段中的"Little Doward is a really ancient and special site" "The woods contain several rare species of wildlife... provide deadwood for its rare species"可知,Little Doward 很特殊，那里的林地里有一些稀有 野生动物以及大量为稀有物种提供枯枝 的古老的枯树。由此可推知，强调Little Doward的特殊性是为了说明恢复工作意 义重大。
20．答案：C
解析：根据最后一段中提到的往Little Doward 山 堡引入吃草的德克斯特牛的好处(对大自然和生态修复的好处"For nature and restoration the cows are ideal grazers... without destruction"和对山堡的好处"For the fort itself they are able to stop plants completely surrounding it"）可知，他认为该 项目对各方都有利。
21．答案：CGFEB
解析：①C推理判断题。根据前句Focus on one task at a time, this will allow you to complete that task with high standards. (一次专注于一项任务，这将使你能够以高标准完成任务)，可知选项C"这个任务完成后，你可以继续下一个任务"可以承接前文，建议人们一次只做一个任务，做完这个，再选择下一个。故选C。
②G推理判断题。根据前句Regular breaks are actually great at the workplace(在工作场所.有规律的休息其实很好)，可知选项G"它们有助于减轻压力，还能提高你的整体生产力"承接上文，讲有规律的休息具体有哪些好处。故选G。
③F推理判断题。根据后句At home，move away from work and focus on yourself, then return back to work, this will allow your work to progress effectively(在家里，离开工作，专注于自己，然后回到工作岗位，这将使你的工作有效地进行)，可知选项F"如果你没有受到监控，你也可以在家里尝试这种方法"可以承接后句，讲了另一种休息的方式--在家里休息后回去工作，工作效率也会提升。故选F。
④E推理判断题。根据主题句Set Small But Effective Goals(设定小而有效的目标);以及后句You can break any large task into small but manageable tasks, which will help you stay productive and will also make the best of time(你可以把任何大的任务分解成小但可管理的任务，这将有助于你保持高效，也将充分利用时间)，可知选项E"你被赋予了艰巨的任务，但重要的是如何处理它们"可以承接主题---设定小而有效的目标，引出后文具体的做法。故选E。
⑤B主题判断题。根据后句Many people love to perfectly carryout a task, but the thing is that perfection doesn’t actually exist. You can only do the best according to your abilities and wait for the results. You can also revisit some tasks or projects and try to improve them if you can. (许多人喜欢完美地完成一项任务，但问题是完美实际上并不存在。你只能根据自己的能力做到最好，然后等待结果。如果可以的话，你也可以重新审视一些任务或项目，并尝试改进它们)，可知选项B"忘记完美这个概念"可以作为本段的主题，perfection doesn't actually exist是关键。故选B。
22．答案：GFAEB
解析：①根据空处前后内容可知,前文是讲说"不"不容易,后文说会介绍一些方法,所以空处应是一个过渡句,故G项"怎样才能礼貌地坚持自己的立场而不感到内疚呢 ”承接上文,并引出下文,符合文意。
②根据空前的"you might find more success by filling your refusal with positivity"可知,你可能会发现用积极的态度来拒绝更可能会成功。结合选项可知,F项"你可以试着让你的声音保持平静、友好和热情"是对前文中积极的态度的具体解释,故选F项。
③空处位于段首,是本段的中心句。根据后文的"It's important to set boundaries (界限) with co-workers and close friends alike"可知,本段主要阐述与同事和亲密的朋友之间要设定界限,所以A项"设定健康的界限"是本段的中心句。
④E根据空前一句"You'd better avoid adding too much fluff (无足轻重的东西) to your explanation"并结合选项可知,空处应该讲解释时说无价值的话产生的不好的结果,故E项"那很可能会给对方带来虚假的希望"符合文意。
⑤根据空前的"Knowing yourself and your needs will help you decide if you should say 'no'"以及空后的"You need to be able to take care of yourself before you can show up for others"可知,要了解你自己和你的需求且在出现在别人面前之前零先照顾好自己,由此可知,B项"对自己的需求要诚实"符合语境。
23．答案：FEABC
解析：①空前提到举办一个派对可能会很有趣，但你可能会 担心成本。空后提到降低你的食物账单会减少最大的 开支之一。如果你提前计划，你可以添加特别的东西， 让你的派对看起来和感觉都很特别，即使你的预算很 少。由此可知，空处内容应与“you might be worried about the cost”呼应，与上文形成转折，且能引起下文， 故F项“然而，没有必要花费太多来举办一场盛大的派 对”符合语境。
②本段介绍的方法是做一些简单但大家 都喜欢的菜。空前提到烤鸡柳/鸡翅、 蔬菜沙拉、炖菜等都很便宜，空后提到 在这种情况下，每个人都会有足够的食 物，你会有更多的时间社交。由此可 知，空处内容应与前面提到的食物有 关，且能保证空后所说情况的实现。 E项“也很容易一次做很多”说明了空 前提及食物的易操作性，也为空后内容 的发生提供了必要的条件，符合语境。
③空处为段落主旨句。根据空后内容可知，想要一个 更便宜的选择，你可以要求每位客人自带食物或饮料 来分享。了解彼此的喜好会很有趣。如果你不想让你 的客人为整顿饭负责，你可以让他们只带一部分，比如 饮料或甜点，而你提供主食。由此可知，本段主要介绍 的方法与食物交换有关，故A项符合语境。
④空前提到提供手取食物和小盘子让人 们有更多的机会与其他客人交谈，而不 是被困在一个座位上吃一顿正餐。由 此可知，空处应与提供手取食物和小盘 子的其他作用或者结果有关。 B项“这还可以减少你的派对成本”与 上文衔接紧密，符合语境。
⑤根据最后一段首句可知，本段主要介绍 的是举办一个甜点派对。空前提到举 办一个提供一些甜点的派对，空后提到 你也可以让客人带来他们最喜欢的甜 点，这样每个人都可以分享和品尝。由 此可知，空处内容应与甜点有关。 C项“即使是商店里买的(甜点）也会很 受欢迎”符合语境。C项中的“ones”指 代上文中的“desserts”。
24．答案：Located; harmonious; a; when; to be built; roughly; it; were carved; height; to
解析：①考查非谓语。句意：龙门石窟位于香山和龙门山之间，伊河在其下流过，与山、林、水和谐相融，展现出宁静的氛围。空处在句中为非谓语，动词locate与句子主语the Longmen Grottoes构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填Located。
②考查形容词。句意：龙门石窟位于香山和龙门山之间，伊河在其下流过，与山、林、水和谐相融，展现出宁静的氛围。空处应填形容词harmonious“和谐的”在句中作表语。故填harmonious。
③考查冠词。句意：远眺望去，它像一个天然的门户，因此得名“伊阙”。空处泛指一个，应用不定冠词，natural以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
④考查状语从句。句意：据传说，当隋炀帝爬上洛阳北面的邙山时，他非常高兴，并命令将东都建于此地，其宫门正对伊阙。空处应用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。故填when。
⑤考查非谓语。句意：据传说，当隋炀帝爬上洛阳北面的邙山时，他非常高兴，并命令将东都建于此地，其宫门正对伊阙。order sb. to do“命令某人做某事”，动词build与宾语构成被动关系，故用不定式的被动语态。故填to be built。
⑥考查副词。句意：龙门门还藏有大约2860件碑刻，使其成为古代书法研究的宝藏。空处应用roughly“大约，大致”在句中作状语修饰动词houses。故填roughly。
⑦考查代词。句意：龙门门还藏有大约2860件碑刻，使其成为古代书法研究的宝藏。空处应填代词it指代上文出现的Longmen Gate。故填it。
⑧考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：总计，中国古代人民在悬崖上雕刻了超过10万尊佛像和佛龛，从最大的17.14米高的毗卢遮那佛，到最小的2厘米高不等。描述过去发生的动作，句子应用一般过去时，动词carve与主语statues and niches构成被动关系，故用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were carved。
⑨考查名词。句意：总计，中国古代人民在悬崖上雕刻了超过10万尊佛像和佛龛，从最大的17.14米高的毗卢遮那佛，到最小的2厘米高不等。不定冠词a后应接单数名词height“高度”，a height of“……的高度”。故填height。
⑩考查介词。句意：总计，中国古代人民在悬崖上雕刻了超过10万尊佛像和佛龛，从最大的17.14米高的毗卢遮那佛，到最小的2厘米高不等。from...to...“从……到……”为固定搭配。故填to。
25．答案：①protecting②which③caused④to save⑤As⑥has been involved⑦effective⑧successfully⑨Despite⑩discoveries
解析：①句意为:在过去的二十年里,文化遗产监测员兼导游陈卉丽一直致力于保护重庆大足石刻中的圆觉洞石刻,重庆大足石刻于1999年被列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。devote oneself to...意为“某人致力于……”,其中to为介词,其后跟动名词。故填protecting。
②句意见上一题解析。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the Dazu Rock Carvings指物,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用which引导该从句。
③句意为:在带领游客参观的时候,陈卉丽痛心地意识到时间的流逝对洞穴造成严重破坏。此处作后置定语,应用非谓语动词。cause与其逻辑主语damage之间是被动关系,所以应用过去分词。故填caused。
④句意为:陈卉丽凭着相关知识和挽救雕塑的强烈愿望,加人了保护中心。抽象名词eagerness后用不定式作后置定语,意为“做某事的强烈愿望”。故填to save。
⑤句意为:随着时间的推移,陈卉丽的经验越来越丰富,最终她研究出了保护文化遗产的独特方法。as time goes by表示“随着时间流逝”,as引导时间状语从句。故填As。
⑥句意为:到目前为止,她参与了许多重大项目,包括历时八年的千手观音修复工程。根据句中的时间状语so far可知,这里应用现在完成时。主语She和involve之间是被动关系,所以应用被动语态,且主语为She,所以谓语应用第三人称单数形式。be involved in意为“参与”。故填has been involved。
⑦句意为:在她的团队的辛勤努力下,目前已经成功地采取液压铁架等有效措施来支撑圆觉洞的顶部。设空处作定语修饰measures,应用形容词,表示“有效的”。故填effective。
⑧句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰动词introduced,应用副词。故填successfully。
⑨句意为:尽管取得了令人瞩目的成就,陈卉丽仍然不满意。此处作状语,空后有名词短语,这里应用介词。根据句意可知,逗号前内容表示让步,所以填Despite。
⑩句意为:对陈卉丽来说,圆觉洞仍然是一个重点,她相信未来会有许多富有成效的发现。空前有many修饰,故此处discovery意为“被发现的事物”,为可数名词,这里应用名词复数形式。故填discoveries。
26．答案：①for②but③unhealthy④has become⑤Living⑥its⑦how⑧availability⑨to be made⑩goes
解析：①考查介词。2023年11月,中国启动了一项为期三年的行动计划,以促进竹子替代塑料的使用。replacement在此表示“接替者,代替物,替换品”,常与介词for搭配使用。
②考查并列连词。竹子的外观和触感绝对在塑料之上,但竹子的好处肯定不止美学这一方面。根据句意可知,前后内容间存在转折关系,故填but。
③考查形容词。与有害的塑料相比,竹子是一种高度可再生的、可生物降解的天然材料。此处表示“对身体有害的,损害健康的”,故填unhealthy。
④考查时态。句中的时间状语“in recent years”表明此处应用现在完成时,故填has become。
⑤考查非谓语动词。此处表示生活在一个大多数家中都充斥着塑料的时代。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,此处为非谓语;live与I之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填Living。注意:空处位于句首,单词的首字母应大写。
⑥考查代词。此处表示作者认为是时候认识到这一环保的替代品,并充分发挥它作为地球保护者的潜力了。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰名词potential,应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
⑦考查宾语从句。这种超级强大的植物实际上是一种草,从生长速度和生长地点来看,它和杂草很像。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作方式状语,表示“多么”,故填how。
⑧考查名词。竹子的生产成本极低,因为这种材料很容易得到,而且在生产竹制产品时几乎不需要对其进行调整。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知,空处应用名词,故填availability。availability“可用,可得到”。
⑨考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查require sb./sth.to do sth.结构,make 与adjustment之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,空处应用不定式的被动形式,故填to be made。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。从家庭用品到装饰背景,竹子的用途多得超出你的预料。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是the quantity of uses,强调的是quantity“数量”,谓语动词应用第三人称单数;此处陈述客观情况,应用一般现在时。故填goes。beyond your wildest dreams“超乎想象的,出乎意料的”。
27．答案：
Safety Education against Drowning
Last Saturday afternoon, our school auditorium witnessed a lecture titled “Safety Education against Drowning”. Students from all grades attended it.
The lecture was both interesting and instructive. It covered a range of issues related to water safety, including the dangers of swimming alone, the importance of wearing life jackets, and the ignorance of warming-up exercises beforehand. At last the speaker also demonstrated how to perform CPR in case of an emergency.
We all felt that it not only raised our awareness about safety, but also equipped us with first-aid skills.
解析：1.词汇积累
举行:hold→take place
重要的:important-significant
建议:tip→suggestion
此外:besides-what's more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句: During the lecture given by Mr. Wang, a security expert, he first shared some useful and important tips to keep off the danger.
拓展句: During the lecture which was given by Mr. Wang, a security expert, he first shared some useful and important tips to keep off the danger.
【点睛】【高分句型 1 】And he reminded us that the most important thing we have to know is that we are not supposed to swim in a deep river.(运用了that 引导宾语从句，省略了关系代词的定语从句，that 引导的表语从句)
【高分句型2】 Besides, he told us before you swim, we should get ready for it instead of jump in into the water in a hurry.(运用了before 引导的状语从句，动名词作宾语)
28．答案：
How to protect ourselves in school bullying
Recently, school-bullying is a hot topic again, which has raised concern of people from all walks of life.
As for my opinion, there is no doubt that school bullying has caused severe impact on those involved. It is of great harm to the teens physically and mentally. Of course, if I meet the violence, I will take appropriate measures to protect myself. At first, I will keep calm and judge the situation. Then, I will try my best to escape or prevent the violence. Last but not the least, I will call the police or teachers as soon as possible to avoid the physical injury.
I think if we unite together to fight against school bullying, the school will be peaceful and harmonious again!
解析：1.词汇积累
影响：impact→effect/influence
采取措施做某事：take measures to do → take steps to do
对什么有害：be of harm to→be harmful to
适当的：appropriate→proper
2.句式拓展
句子合并
原句：As for my opinion, there is no doubt that school bullying has caused severe impact on those involved. It is of great harm to the teens physically and mentally.
拓展句：As for my opinion, there is no doubt that school bullying has caused severe impact on those involved, which is of great harm to the teens physically and mentally.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As for my opinion, there is no doubt that school bullying has caused severe impact on those involved.（运用了that引导的同位语从句）
【高分句型2】Of course, if I meet the violence, I will take appropriate measures to protect myself.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
29．答案：
Dear Sir or Madam,
Learning your magazine is looking for part-time writers for the section focusing on life of high school students, I'm writing to apply for this position.
As a Senior 3 student, I believe my firsthand experiences and daily life will be important sources of inspiration. Besides, writing has been a hobby of mine since I was a child. Keeping on writing every day improves my writing skills greatly. What's more, I've acquired a good command of English, which makes me more qualified for the job.
I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
30．答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而，在6月6日的仪式上，大卫被一名门卫拦在门口。A. Luckily幸运地;B.Besides此外;C.However然而;D.Instead反而。上文提到“高中毕业典礼是青少年一生中最重要的时刻之一。”，下文提到“在6月6日的仪式上，大卫被一名看门人拦在门口。”，上下文之间是转折关系。故选C。
31．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所以你可以想象大卫有多难过。A.angry生气的;B.upset沮丧的，难过的;C.eager渴望的;D.frightened害怕的。根据上文“High school graduations are one of the most important moments in a teenager's life."和“David was stopped at the door by a gatekeeper”可知，毕业典礼非常重要，但David却被门卫拦住了，肯定很难过。故选B。
32．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然大卫的运动鞋不是特别让人难以接受，但他了解到学校不允许穿这种鞋，因此被拒绝入内。A.refused拒绝;B.uninvited未邀请;C.invited邀请;D.placed放置。根据“David was stopped at the door by a gatekeeper.”可知，David被拒绝入内。故选A。
33．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:大卫正要错过和同学一起走过舞台的机会，这时他看到了一张友好的面孔。A.destroy破坏;B.miss思念，错过;C.seize抓住;D.end结束。根据前文“David was stopped at the door by a gatekeeper”可知，如果一直被拒绝进入，David就会“错过”毕业典礼，“错过”和同学一起走过舞台的机会。故选B。
34．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.strange奇怪的;B.happy高兴的;C.friendly友好的;D.serious严重的。根据“Learning David's unpleasant situation, he accompanied the young man back to the entry to see if he could__6__the gatekeeper's mind.”可知，Butler帮忙劝说门卫改变主意，说明他是一个很友好的人。故选C。
35．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:得知大卫不愉快的处境后，他陪着年轻人回到门口，看看他是否能改变门卫的想法。A.read阅读;B.draw画画;C.relax使放松;D.change改变。根据上文“David was stopped at the door by a gatekeeper”和“David was about to___4___his chance to walk across the stage with his classmate”可知，门卫之前不允许David进入，David会错过和同学一起走过舞台的机会，Butler想劝说门卫放他进去，所以是“改变”门卫的主意。故选D。
36．答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:巴特勒说:“我本希望她能就此罢休，但她坚持不让这个年轻人进来，而我又没时间和她讲道理。”A. agreed on达成一致;B.complained about抱怨;C.insisted on坚持;D. argued about争论。根据上文“I was hoping that she would let it go, but she”和后文“not letting this young man in”可知，门卫之前不让David进，Butler本来希望她能放手，这次还是不让进，说明她坚持这么做。故选C。
37．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reason推理，思考，争辩;B.talk说话，讨论;C. quarrel争吵，吵架;D.trade买卖，做生意。根据上文“he accompanied the young man back to the entry to see if he could___6___the gatekeeper's mind.”可知，Butler想劝说门卫放David进去，就会和她“讲道理”故选
A.
38．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:“无论如何，我都不会让他错过生命中最重要的时刻。”A.decisive决定性的;B.unbelievable难以置信的;C.important重要的;D.fitting合适的。根据第一段中“High school graduations are one of the most important moments in a teenager's life.”可知，毕业典礼是David生命中最“重要的”时刻。故选C。
39．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:巴特勒毫不犹豫地和大卫换了鞋子。A.shirt衬衫;B.gifts礼物;C.role角色;D.shoes鞋子。根据上文“Although his sneakers were not extremely unacceptable, David learned it was not allowed to wear them at school and he was____3____entry.”得知，David穿的鞋子违背了学校着装规定，被拒绝入校。为了解决这个问题，Butler和他交换“鞋子”。故选D。
40．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:门刚关上，大卫就进了大厅。A.event事件;B.doors门;C.school学校;D.curtains窗帘。根据下文“closed, David made it inside the hall”可知，David走进大厅，“门”被关上。故选B。
41．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然一开始对最后一刻的交换感到困惑，但巴特勒的家人还是很兴奋，因为他的快速反应把一个非常糟糕的局面变成了一个快乐的庆祝活动。A.annoyed(使)恼怒;B. entertained使快乐;C.confused使困惑;D.worried使担忧。根据后文“by the last-minute substitution”可知，一开始，Butler的家人“很困惑”他在最后一分钟交换鞋子的做法。故选C。
42．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.hard艰难的;B.sad难过的;C.stupid愚蠢的;D.ugly(局面)糟糕的。turn...into...表示“把……变成……”，两个形容词应该形成对比。joyful表示“快乐的，高兴的”，所以ugly“(局面)糟糕的”符合文意。故选D。
43．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:“我并不感到惊讶，因为巴特勒先生总是乐于助人，”大卫的一位家长感激地说。A. surprised惊讶的;B.excited兴奋的;C.disappointed失望的;D.annoyed恼怒的。根据后一句“Mr. Butler is always helpful,”可知，Butler经常帮助别人，那么此次帮助David也就不让人不感到惊讶。故选A。
44．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:据说，一个真正慷慨的人会把他的衬衫给需要帮助的人。A.inspired鼓舞人心的;B.strong强壮的，坚强的;C.generous慷慨的;D.rich富有的。根据“will give the shirt off his back to someone in need”可知，此处指一个慷慨的人。故选C。
