浙江省舟山市定海区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
1．When did people build the small house
A．In 1859. B．In 1884. C．In 1932. D．In 1962.
2．What can we learn from the timeline
A．The main culture of some state parks. B．The history of Bodie State Historic Park.
C．The everyday life of people in Bodie Hills. D．The road conditions on the way to the park.
3．We may read this passage in ________.
A．a story book B．a world map C．a science newspaper D．a travel magazine
Victor’s ProjectAs part of my history project(课题) on transport, I asked some people in my neighborhood. The first one was my friend Susan’s grandmother, Mrs. Sanderson. Question 1 How did you get to school when you were young I walked to school with my friends. But on Fridays when we had to carry all of our things for school sports, we caught the bus. I enjoyed walking because we could chat on the way. I didn’t like it when it was raining though, but Mum always made sure I wore raincoat and gumboots. On the other hand, I became a strong walker, and I believe that’s why I’ve been healthy all my life. Question 2 My parents drive me to school. Why didn’t you go to school by car You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We didn’t have much money to buy a car until after I had finished school. Question 3 How did you get around when you weren’t going to school We often went for a family trip by train. Most weekends we went on picnics and I loved playing with my cousins in the park. The trip took much longer than it took by car today of course. Question 4 How do you get around now I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast.
4．Victor asks Question 4 to get information about Mrs. Sanderson’s _________.
A．lifestyle now B．lovely grandchildren C．family life D．memories of school
5．In all of her answers, Mrs. Sanderson talks about ________.
A．her parents B．her favorite activities C．kinds of transport D．places she has visited
6．What do we know about Mrs. Sanderson according to the passage
A．She used to drive to school on wet days. B．She couldn’t answer all Victor’s questions.
C．She didn’t like walking to school when young. D．She finds it quicker to get to places these days.
7．The best title of Victor’s finished project is probably ________.
A．The life of Mrs. Sanderson B．How Travelling Has Changed
C．People in My Neighborhood D．The Importance of Driving Cars
Long ago, a king got two baby eagles (老鹰) as a gift. The eagles were very special, and the king loved them very much. He invited an experienced caretaker to look after them.
As time passed, the king noticed that both eagles grew big and looked even more amazing than before. The king wished to see them fly. However, as the caretaker set them free, one eagle flew high into the sky while the other flew a few meters before returning to its starting branch (树枝).
The king wanted to know why. The caretaker answered, “This eagle always has this problem. It refuses to fly high.”
The king felt sorry for the second one. The next day, he said that anyone who could help the second eagle fly high would get great prizes.
Many clever people came, studied and tried, but no one succeeded. After a few weeks, the king nearly lost hope.
Then one day, something strange happened. The king saw both eagles flying high in the sky. He couldn’t believe his eyes and called the caretaker over. The caretaker said that a farmer had made the second eagle to fly. He brought the farmer to the king.
The king asked, “How did you do this while those clever men couldn’t ”
The farmer replied, “I am a simple farmer and I haven’t read and learnt much like them. I simply cut down the branch on which the eagle liked to sit. With no branch, it could only fly away. And it did very well.”
8．What did the experienced caretaker do for the king
A．Protect the baby eagles. B．Set the baby eagles free.
C．Take care of the baby eagles. D．Find someone to teach the eagles fly.
9．What was the problem with the second eagle
A．It didn’t want to fly high. B．It didn’t learn to fly from mother eagle.
C．It didn’t know how to fly at all. D．It didn’t like to fly with the first eagle.
10．How did the farmer make the second eagle fly high
A．By asking clever people to help. B．By helping it to learn how to fly high.
C．By cutting down the branch that the eagle sat. D．By inviting an experienced caretaker to teach it.
11．What can we learn from this story
A．Practice makes perfect. B．There is no place better than home.
C．Step out of the comfortable area. D．If you smile at life, life will smile at you.
It can be really awkward (尴尬的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself is actually good for you.
You probably know that thinking is good for the mind. It helps us do things like making plans and controlling our feelings. Speaking out loud is like showing what is in your mind. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work.
When nice words come from oneself, they help to believe in him or her more. In 2009, a study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers played better than those who said nothing.
Talking to yourself can also help us control bad feelings. “Imagining yourself in the third person (人称) can lead people to think about themselves more similar to how they think about others,” said Jason Moser, a teacher from Michigan State University, US. This can help us see things from a different point of view. It also works well when we’re feeling sad or angry.
Self-talk also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to remember things: reading quietly, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud remembered the information the best, researchers said in their study. It’s because the information may become a long-term memory if said out loud.
12．The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A．speaking out loud B．controlling your feelings
C．showing what you want to do D．thinking before making plans
13．In 2009, a study found that ________.
A．talking to friends is a good way to relax B．talking to oneself helps to do better in sports
C．talking to your teachers can help to win the match D．talking to others make players do better in matches
14．The writer uses the words of Jason Moser to show that ________.
A．self-talkers see things in a different way B．self-talkers think about others differently
C．self-talkers usually work better than others D．self-talkers talk to others when they are sad or angry
15．According to the passage, talking to oneself helps to ________.
① improve memory ② build a strong mind
③ control bad feelings ④ make us believe in ourselves
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④
二、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，从所给的选项中选出合适的小标题填入第 1-4 题中(有一个选项多余)，并回答5题的问题。
No one can remember everything. But everyone can learn how to improve their memory. Here is some advice - none of them can make your memory 100% perfect, but all of them are helpful.
________ This way the new information becomes more memorable. Later on, think about the talk with your friend. It will remind you of the information you wanted to remember.
________ When you’ve remembered a list of new words, stop studying. It’s better to learn a lot for a short time than to learn a little for a long time! But remember you do have to practice your new words from time to time!
________ If you want to remember something, go to bed and go to sleep right after learning it. That is to say, it is a good idea to review what you learnt before bed time.
________ So sometimes if we want to remember new information, it helps to make a picture story. Anyone can learn to do this. Let yourself be surprised by your memory!
A．Don’t over - train your brain. B．Our brains work better in pictures. C． Our memory works well when we are asleep. D．Don’t get angry because you forget something. E. Tell a friend you want to remember something.
16．
17．
18．
19．
20．How do you remember things Please write down one of your ways. (10-20词)
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，.掌握大意。然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Mr. Swales wanted to find out what his students’ parents did. He had just called Jodie when some girls all 21 . Shirley, one of the students, shouted, “Jodie’s daddy is a garbage (垃圾) man!”
Everyone in the 22 laughed out loudly, but not Jodie. She felt her face turned 23 .
“Silence!” Mr. Swales said, “It is a useful job. Being a garbage man is 24 . Jodie’s father is hard-working and we all should be 25 to him.”
Jodie walked home from school with her head down. When she returned home, her father asked 26 , “What happened, Jodie ” Jodie told her father what had happened and 27 him. He didn’t seem angry or hurt. “Well,” he said, “to see is to believe, maybe you should give it a try by e with me this Sunday.”
The place 29 so bad that Jodie covered her nose. However, everybody there was 30 hard, and they seemed to have a good time. Jodie’s father handed her a pair of gloves to protect her 31 and told her to throw the little plastic bags into the truck.
She was so happy when there was no garbage left, 32 Jodie’s arms got really tired. Her father said slowly, “Garbage is 33 , but when we clear it away, everything’s nice and clean. That’s why I like being a garbage 34 so much.”
Jodie gave her smelly garbage dad a big hug (拥抱). She said, “Dad, you are great!”
Now whenever someone asks Jodie what her daddy does, she says 35 , “He’s a garbage man! Everybody makes garbage, but my daddy takes it away! He’s great!”
21．A．jumped B．laughed C．woke D．fought
22．A．park B．home C．class D．library
23．A．red B．black C．green D．yellow
24．A．boring B．relaxing C．difficult D．popular
25．A．helpful B．fearful C．shameful D．thankful
26．A．softly B．angrily C．bravely D．seriously
27．A．looked at B．looked after C．looked for D．looked around
28．A．himself B．herself C．yourself D．themselves
29．A．felt B．smelt C．looked D．sounded
30．A．working B．playing C．thinking D．discussing
31．A．head B．feet C．arms D．hands
32．A．so B．unless C．though D．because
33．A．cheap B．dirty C．perfect D．useless
34．A．bag B．box C．room D．man
35．A．clearly B．proudly C．worriedly D．nervously
四、短文填空
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
A man was washed up on a small island because of a ship accident. Every day he checked to see if there were 36 (ship) passing-by (路过). He hoped that someone could help him, 37 no one seemed to come. He said to himself, “I 38 (lose) everything, however, I am still alive. I still have hopes and chances.” So he tried to build a little house out of the wood 39 (protect) him from dangerous animals.
40 a sunny and hot day, he was busy looking for food. Suddenly, he found his little house was on fire. The smoke was rising into the sky. “It is 41 (bad) thing I have ever met on the island.” He thought. He couldn’t do anything at that moment but cried 42 (weak).
Early the next morning, while he 43 (repair) his tools, a ship arrived on the island. Yes, people came to save him! “ 44 did you know I was here ” The man asked. “We saw 45 (you) smoke.” They replied.
So never lose heart, no matter what kind of problems you meet.
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Last Sunday morning, I visited a natural museum in a 46 (社会的) study group. There were about thirty 47 (成员) in this group. Firstly, the guide teacher 48 (介绍) some of the basic information about 49 (野生) animals in both Chinese and English. She was very caring and tried to 50 (解释) everything in a simple way for us to understand easily. Then we went on our 51 (自己的) visit. After we watched animal specimens (标本), we went to the 3D movie house. As for the 3D movie, I know it 52 (使感兴趣) us most and everyone likes to watch it. With fear and 53 (激动), I watched a 3D movie of snakes. It looked so real that the snakes seemed to move 54 (朝向) me.
After this trip, I learnt that we should protect the environment properly and control the pollution strictly, so that all the animals can live under a 55 (更安全) and better condition.
五、选词填空
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。
abroad chore hold opposite peaceful
56．Every student should help do some family .
57．China is one of countries in the world.
58．I always sit him during the school lunch time.
59．When we Chinese are , we especially miss our motherland.
60．As a good father, he often his baby gently in the arms and sang songs quietly.
六、书面表达
61．怎样成为更好的自己？请根据下表内容提示，以“How to be a better teenager ”为主题，用英语写一篇演讲稿，在英语课上发言。
How to be a better teenager
★healthy living habits ★a study plan ★friendly to others ★a good volunteer
注意：
(1)演讲稿必须包含上表所提供的所有信息，可适当发挥；
(2)文中不得出现真实的人名和校名；
(3)词数80—100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone! Today I’d like to share my ideas about how to be a better teenager.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
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参考答案：
1．B 2．B 3．D
1．细节理解题。根据文中“People built this small house in 1884.”可知，小房子建于1884年，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文中时间轴及相应时间发生的事情可知，时间轴讲述的是Bodie state的历史，故选B。
3．推理判断题。本文是关于Bodie State Historic Park的简介，包括地理位置、建筑风貌以及历史，最有可能在旅游杂志上看到。故选D。
4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B
4．细节理解题。根据四个问题的内容可知，这四个问题是有关Sanderson的生活方式，故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据“I walked to school with my friends.”；“You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We didn’t have much money to buy a car until after I had finished school.”；“We often went for a family trip by train.”；“I still love walking,”可知，在这四个问题里都谈到了出行方式，故选C。
6． 推理判断题。根据“I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast.”可知，开车去任何地方很快，所以她发现现在去任何地方都快，D表述正确，故选D。
7．最佳标题题。根据四个问题的内容可知，这四个问题都是围绕“交通”的，所以最适合本文的标题是“How Travelling Has Changed”，故选B。
8．C 9．A 10．C 11．C
8．细节理解题。根据“He invited an experienced caretaker to look after them.”可知，国王请了一位有经验的管理员来照顾两只小鹰。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据“This eagle always has this problem. It refuses to fly high.”可知，第二只鹰不愿意高飞。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“I simply cut down the branch on which the eagle liked to sit. With no branch, it could only fly away. And it did very well.”可知，农民只是砍掉了那只鹰喜欢栖息的树枝。没有树枝，它只能飞走。故选C。
11．推理判断题。这个故事通过对比两只小鹰的飞行情况，特别是第二只小鹰在被迫离开它习惯停留的树枝后，学会了高飞，传达了一个重要的寓意：我们需要走出舒适区，去挑战自己，才能发掘出更多的潜力和能力。这与选项C“走出舒适区”相符。故选C。
12．A 13．B 14．A 15．D
12．词义猜测题。根据“Speaking out loud is like showing what is in your mind. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work.”可知，此处的“it”指的是前一句的主语“speaking out loud”，即大声说话，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据“In 2009, a study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers played better than those who said nothing.”可知，2009年的一项研究发现，自言自语有助于在运动中表现得更好，故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据“‘Imagining yourself in the third person (人称) can lead people to think about themselves more similar to how they think about others,’ said Jason Moser, a teacher from Michigan State University, US. This can help us see things from a different point of view.”可知，作者引用 Jason Moser 的话是为了表明自言自语者以不同的方式看待事物，故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据“It helps us do things like making plans and controlling our feelings. Speaking out loud is like showing what is in your mind. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work.”、“Talking to yourself can also help us control bad feelings.”和“Self-talk also helps improve memory.”可知，自言自语有助于提高记忆力、控制不良情绪以及让我们相信自己，故选D。
16．E 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．I usually make mind maps or write key words to remember things.
16．根据下文“This way the new information… you wanted to remember.”可知，说的是与朋友有关，此处是“告诉朋友你想记住一些事情。”符合语境，适合本段标题。故选E。
17．根据下文“When you’ve remembered a list of…practice your new words from time to time!”可知，说的是学习效率，此处应说“不要过度思考。”符合语境，适合本段标题。故选A。
18．根据下文“If you want to remember …review what you learnt before bed time.”可知，说的是睡前记东西好，此处应说“我们睡觉时记忆力很好。”符合语境，适合本段标题。故选C。
19．根据下文“So sometimes if we want to remember …be surprised by your memory!”可知，说的是图片对自己的记忆，此处应说“我们的大脑在图片中表现得更好。”符合语境，适合本段标题。故选B。
20．题干要求写出一个发散性思维的答案“一条记忆东西的方法”，因此“I usually make mind maps or write key words to remember things.”符合题意。故填I usually make mind maps or write key words to remember things.
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．B
21．句意：他刚叫了朱迪，一些女孩就都笑了。
jumped跳跃；laughed嘲笑；woke醒来；fought战斗。根据“ laughed out loudly”可知，应是说一些女孩嘲笑她，故选B。
22．句意：班上每个人都大声笑了起来，但朱迪没有。
park公园；home家；class班级；library图书馆。根据“Mr. Swales wanted to find out what his students’ parents did.”可知，应是上课地发生的事情，所以此处指班上的人，故选C。
23．句意：她觉得自己的脸变红了。
red 红色的；black黑色的；green 绿色的；yellow黄色的。 上文讲到班里的人嘲笑她的爸爸的工作，所以推断，她的脸变红了，故选A。
24．句意：做一名清洁工是困难的。
boring乏味的；relaxing令人轻松的；difficult困难的；popular受欢迎的。根据“It is a useful job”和“Jodie’s father is hard-working”可知，应是说这个工作是比较难的，故选C。
25．句意：朱迪的父亲工作很努力，我们都应该感谢他。
helpful有帮助的；fearful害怕的；shameful丢脸的，可耻的；thankful感谢的，感激的。根据“It is a useful job”和“Jodie’s father is hard-working ”可知，Swales老师认可了朱迪爸爸的工作，所以应是建议学生们要感激他，故选D。
26．句意：当她回到家时，父亲轻声问道：“发生了什么事，朱迪？”
softly轻声地；angrily愤怒地；bravely勇敢地；seriously严肃地。根据“Jodie walked home from school with her head down.”可知，看到朱迪低着头，应是父亲关心地问，所以应是轻声问，故选A。
27．句意：朱迪把发生的事告诉了父亲，看着他。
looked at看；looked after照顾；looked for寻找；looked around四处看看。根据“He didn’t seem angry or hurt”可知，应是朱迪看着父亲，故选A。
28．句意：眼见为实，也许你应该自己试一试。
himself他自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己；themselves他们自己。根据“you”可知，对应的反身代词用yourself。故选C。
29．句意：这地方气味太难闻了，朱迪捂着鼻子。
felt感觉；smelt闻起来；looked看起来；sounded听起来。根据“so bad that Jodie covered her nose”可知，应是很难闻，所以捂住了鼻子，故选B。
30．句意：然而，那里的每个人都在努力工作，他们似乎玩得很开心。
working工作；playing玩；thinking思考；discussing讨论。根据“to see is to believe,”和“Jodie’s father handed her a pair of gloves to protect her ...and told her to throw the little plastic bags into the truck.”可知，朱迪的父亲带她到了自己工作的地方，所以此处指“努力工作”，故选A。
31．句意：朱迪的父亲递给她一副手套来保护她的手，并告诉她把小塑料袋扔进卡车里。
head头；feet脚；arms臂；hands 手。根据“a pair of gloves”可知，手套应是为了保护手，故选D。
32．句意：尽管朱迪的手臂真的很累，但没有垃圾了，她很高兴。
so因此；unless除非；though尽管；because 因为。空前空后在句意上存在让步关系，所以用though引导让步状语从句，故选C。
33．句意：垃圾是很脏，但当我们把它清理干净时，一切都很好，很干净。
cheap便宜的；dirty脏的；perfect完美的；useless除非。根据“Garbage is”及常识可知，垃圾很脏，故选B。
34．句意：这就是为什么我这么喜欢当清洁工。
bag包；box盒；room房间；man人。 根据“That’s why I like being a garbage...”可知，此处指垃圾工，用a garbage man表示，故选D。
35．句意：现在，每当有人问朱迪她爸爸是做什么的时候，她都会骄傲地说：“他是清洁工！每个人都制造垃圾，但我爸爸把它拿走了！他是伟大的！”
clearly清晰地；proudly骄傲地；worriedly 担心地；nervously焦急地。根据“He’s a garbage man! Everybody makes garbage, but my daddy takes it away! He’s great!”可知，他觉得爸爸很伟大，所以应是骄傲地说，故选B。
36．ships 37．but 38．have lost 39．to protect 40．On 41．the worst 42．weakly 43．was repairing 44．How 45．your
36．句意：他每天都查看是否有船只经过。根据“there were”可知，此处用ship“船”的复数形式。故填ships。
37．句意：他希望有人能帮助他，但是似乎没有人来。前后句存在逻辑上的转折关系，用连词but。故填but。
38．句意：我失去了一切，然而，我还活着。根据语境可知，目前已失去一切，时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语为I，助动词用have，lose“失去”的过去分词为lost。故填have lost。
39．句意：所以他尝试着用木头搭建一个小屋，保护他免受危险动物的伤害。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to protect。
40．句意：在一个晴朗炎热的日子里，他忙着寻找食物。“a sunny and hot day”表示在具体的某一天，用介词on，首字母大写。故填On。
41．句意：这是我在岛上遇到的最糟糕的事。根据“I have ever met on the island.”可知，是遇到的最糟糕的事，此处用形容词最高级，前面加定冠词the。故填the worst。
42．句意：那一刻他什么也做不了，只能虚弱地哭了起来。此处用weak“虚弱的”的副词形式修饰动词cried。故填weakly。
43．句意：第二天一早，当他正在修理工具时，一艘船抵达了小岛。根据“while … a ship arrived on the island”可知，时间状语从句应用过去进行时，其谓语结构为was/were+现在分词，主语为he，be动词用was。故填was repairing。
44．句意：你们怎么知道我在这儿的？根据下文“We saw … smoke.”可知，这个人询问他们是如何发现他的，用how提问，首字母要大写。故填How。
45．句意：我们看到你的烟雾了。smoke表示“烟雾”，名词，此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填your。
46．social 47．members 48．introduced 49．wild 50．explain 51．own 52．interests 53．excitement 54．towards 55．safer
46．句意：上周日上午，我在一个社会学习小组参观了一个自然博物馆。“社会的”social，形容词作定语修饰名词group。故填social。
47．句意：这个小组大约有30个成员。“成员”member，被30修饰，用名词复数形式，故填members。
48．句意：首先，导游老师用中英文介绍了一些野生动物的基本信息。“介绍”introduce，根据“She was”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式，故填introduced。
49．句意：首先，导游老师用中英文介绍了一些野生动物的基本信息。空处作定语修饰名词animals，所以用wild表示“野生的”，故填wild。
50．句意：她很有爱心，并试图用简单的方式解释一切，让我们很容易理解。“解释”explain，try to do sth“试图做某事”，故填explain。
51．句意：然后我们自己去参观了。“自己的”own，形容词作定语修饰名词visit。故填own。
52．句意：至于3D电影，我知道它最吸引我们，每个人都喜欢看它。“使感兴趣”interest，主语是it，结合“everyone likes”可知，时态是一般现在时，所以空处用动词的三单形式，故填interests。
53．句意：带着恐惧和激动，我看了一部关于蛇的3D电影。“激动”excitement，作介词with的宾语，故填excitement。
54．句意：它看起来如此真实，蛇似乎向我移动。“朝向”towards，介词，故填towards。
55．句意：这次旅行后，我学到了我们应该适当地保护环境，严格控制污染，这样所有的动物都能生活在一个更安全和更好的条件下。“更安全的”safer，形容词作定语，故填safer。
56．chores 57．the most peaceful 58．opposite 59．abroad 60．held
56．句意：每个学生都应该帮忙做一些家务。根据“help do some family...”及备选词可知，应是说帮忙做家务，chore符合句意，被some修饰，应用复数形式，故填chores。
57．句意：中国是世界上最和平的国家之一。空处修饰名词countries，所以用形容词，结合“China is one of ...countries”及备选词可知，中国是和平的国家，此处考查“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”，意为“最……之一”，所以用peacefude最高级。故填the most peaceful。
58．句意：在学校午餐时间，我总是坐在他对面。根据“ sit ... him”可知，空处应填一个方位介词，备选词opposite“在……对面”符合语境，故填opposite。
59．句意：当我们中国人在国外时，我们特别想念我们的祖国。根据“we especially miss our motherland.”及备选词可知，应是在国外时会思念祖国，be abroad“在国外”。故填abroad。
60．句意：作为一个好父亲，他经常轻轻地抱着他的孩子，轻轻地唱歌。根据“he often ... his baby gently in the arm ”及备选词可知，应是说抱着孩子，hold“拥抱”，根据“sang”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式，故填held。
61．① 题材：本文是一篇演讲稿；
② 时态：一般现在时；
③ 提示：写作要点已经给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，可适当发挥。
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答案第1页，共2页
