第 04 讲 阅读理解高频词、高频短语
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练
【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 阅读理解高频词基础练
单项选择
1．（2023 高三·全国·专题练习）The twins resemble very much in appearance.We couldn’t _________ them out.
A．figure B．carry
C．spot D．turn
2．（2024 高三·广东广州·阶段练习）It has been ________ that this drug is effective.
A．composed B．prescribed C．restrained D．demonstrated
3．（2024 高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Tickets are limited and will be ________ to those who apply first.
A．relieved B．allocated C．alleviated D．investigated
4．（2024 高三·广东·模拟预测）The company has announced that it will ________ a full investigation into the
accident.
A．advocate B．exceed C．distribute D．undertake
5．（23-24 高三·广东东莞·考试）At any time, we must ________ great importance to the work of speeding up
developing new products.
A．attach B．appeal C．stick D．commit
6．（23-24 高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）A symphony orchestra is __________ of a variety of brass, woodwind,
percussion and stringed instruments.
A．consisted B．compared C．composed D．concluded
7．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·期中）The public ________ the government for taking practical measures to protect the
environment.
A．exploited B．applauded C．dismissed D．arrested
8．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·期中）By joining the club, not only have I ________ basic writing skills, but I also made
some new friends with similar hobbies.
A．deserved B．calculated C．categorized D．acquired
9．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Some regard AI as a potential major threat to humans. However,
others_________ this fear.
A．appreciate B．dismiss C．address D．recall
10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）On arrival at the village, the author was_________ warmly by local villagers.
A．recorded B．recognized C．received D．refreshed
11．（23-24 高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）These articles ________ the problems of the modern world, including race
relations and community development.
A．address B．accelerate
C．accumulate D．disturb
12．（23-24 高三·上海·期中）Some animal and plant species gradually went extinct because they couldn’t
_________ to the rapidly changing conditions in this area.
A．fall B．accommodate C．belong D．contribute
13．（23-24 高三·上海·期中）Apart from teaching French, Martin _________ tennis in his spare time.
A．coached B．addressed C．batted D．greeted
14．（2023·天津·一模）The earliest way of traveling was undoubtedly by foot, and humans’ earliest means
of_________goods was carrying loads on their back or head.
A．innovating B．transporting C．producing D．measuring
15．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·期中）Fossil fuels are non-renewable, whose reserves will be used up one day in the
future. In contrast, renewable energy sources are basically __________, and will be available to us for a few billion
more years.
A．inadequate B．inexhaustible C．inaccessible D．inflexible
16．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the acceptance letter from my dream university, I was
_________. I couldn’t contain my joy and excitement.
A．nervous B．ecstatic C．embarrassed D．furious
17．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·期中）The hardest part of going back to college was feeling ________ about the time
I spent away from my kids.
A．ridiculous B．confident C．guilty D．excited
18．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the development of AI, the line between humans and robots will be
more _________in the future.
A．absurd B．violent C．urgent D．blurred
19．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Claire found it_________ that she, a human being, was being offered
sympathy by a robot.
A．superior B．ridiculous C．straightforward D．thrilling
20．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·期中）The iconic Beijing National Stadium, also known as the “Bird’s Nest”, has a
________ of 80,000.
A．distribution B．capacity C．profile D．frequency
题型二 阅读理解高频短语基础练
单项选择
21．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·期中）Although I was disappointed at that time, __________ it is a good thing I did not
get that job because it would put me far away from my family.
A．in a way B．in my way C．by no means D．by all means
22．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·期中）As the sun began to rise, a deep sense of well-being __________ me. I suddenly
felt full of hope and energy again.
A．hung over B．fell over C．turned over D．washed over
23．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·期中）We are running a flower shop, and females __________ the vast majority of our
customers.
A．account for B．kick off C．give rise to D．take in
24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The conflict between Russia and Ukraine ________ on the Feb. 24th, 2022.
A．stood out B．got through C．took in D．broke out
25．（23-24 高三·广东东莞·考试）We should ________ the disagreements between both sides on how to build up
a scientific, strict, flexible and effective system in order to further promote closer relationship.
A．put aside B．put up C．put away D．put down
26．（23-24 高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—Did Johnson pass the examination
—No. Often staying up late made him at his worst ________ physical situation.
A．in favor of B．in terms of C．in charge of D．in case of
27．（23-24 高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Work hard and practise more, and your effort will __________.
A．pay off B．give way C．carry on D．burst onto
28．（22-23 高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）You shouldn’t _________ that I take care of your pet dog.
A．take it easy B．take it for granted C．take it seriously D．take your time
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bears _________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough
to last them through their winter sleep.
A．pack up B．build up C．bring up D．take up
30．（2024 高三·天津·模拟）When you are faced with obstacles in Senior 3, try not to let discouraging thoughts
_______. Be optimistic and trust yourself, and you’ll make it.
A．take over B．take up C．take on D．take in
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passage 1 体裁：说明文 主题：研究发现
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact
standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers
tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to
PM2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has
relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every
student in North Carolina in those years, for the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma
Zang, coauthor of the study.
The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地 )
impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “There are a lot of
policies that are not friendly towards them. So, when they’re exposed to the same level of air pollution, they don’t
have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more
resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers.
“The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air
quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their
test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.”
Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic
performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at
whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences.
31．What’s the greatest advantage of the study
A．Tracking each student for 18 years. B．Collecting more comprehensive data.
C．Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely. D．Building links between air pollution and test scores.
32．According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls ________.
A．benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution
B．have the lowest test scores due to their identities
C．lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution
D．suffer from educational inequalities owing to their background
33．What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3
A．Offering a suggestion. B．Raising a doubt.
C．Making a comparison. D．Giving a prediction.
34．What might be the focus of the follow-up studies
A．Applicability of the findings to other regions. B．Ways to address racial and sexual differences.
C．Long-term impacts of air pollution on children. D．Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children.
Passage 2 体裁：议论文 主题：网络攻击的问题探讨
In recent years, aggression on social media have become commonplace. More than half of the victims said
they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator (作恶者). Most people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the
Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior.
Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human nature Are we-at our
core-aggressive beasts It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app ear to be growing. The
level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. But I don’t believe that’s because social media has
unlocked our cruel human nature.
As an evolutionary anthropologist, I have spent years researching our transformation as a species. Over the
past two million years, we have evolved from groups of apelike beings armed with sticks and stones to the creators
of cars, rockets, and nations. Our bigger brains have allowed us to bond and cooperate in more complex and diverse
ways than any other animal. Meanwhile, “you are whom you meet.” How we perceive, experience, and act in the
world is shaped by who and what surround us on a daily basis. This process has deep evolutionary roots and gives
humans what we call a shared reality.
I would argue that the rise in online aggression is a product of our evolutionary social skills, the social media
boom, and the specific political, economic and social context where we find ourselves. This explosive combination
has opened up a space for increasingly more people to fan the flames of aggression and insult online. Aggressive
behavior-especially to those you don’t have to confront face-to-face-is easier than it’s ever been. And for the
aggressor, there are often no consequences.
Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our
core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting
pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both.
35．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph two refer to
A．Hate crimes on the rise. B．Growing political divisions.
C．Considerable online bitterness. D．The transformation of humans.
36．What’s the author’s attitude toward social media
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Ironic.
37．What does the author propose to address the issue of growing aggression
A．Embracing our aggressive nature to compete in today’s world.
B．Strengthening laws to hold perpetrators responsible for their online actions.
C．Promoting positive behaviors and interactions in both real-life and digital spaces.
D．Focusing only on reducing anonymity on the internet to reduce offensive behavior.
38．What is mainly discussed in this passage
A．The impact of social media on society.
B．The influence of evolution on our behavior.
C．The reasons behind rising online aggression.
D．The factors in the social media development.
Passage 3 体裁：说明文 主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响
Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck
in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time:
“Did they like me or were they just being polite ” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ”
To find out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research. In our
studies, participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before. Afterward, they were asked how
much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them.
This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked.
Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the
impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them
and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.
This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions, but its effects extend
far beyond a first impression. Surprisingly, the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships, including
interactions with coworkers, long after the initial conversations have taken place. Having a larger liking gap is
associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and
honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together.
There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of
attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more
questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re
focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think
you didn’t do well.
39．Why did the author carry out 10 years of research
A．To dismiss national concerns. B．To check out a potential bias.
C．To enhance human communication. D．To develop harmonious relationships.
40．What is one effect of people’s liking gap
A．Fewer chances of new projects. B．Underestimation of their ability.
C．Bad relationships with people around. D．Low willingness to interact with others.
41．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Restate opinions. B．Deliver warnings. C．Give suggestions. D．Make a
summary.
42．Which might be the best title for the text
A．Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances
B．First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations
C．People Probably Like You More Than You Think
D．How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume
1.（2024 年 1 月浙江卷 C 篇）
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a
result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail
Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain
before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project
flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years
“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area
from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification
Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot
be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating
wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the
University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell
in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one
really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice,
doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has
succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed
in relative legal safety.
8. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
10. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
2.（2023 年全国甲卷 D 篇）
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the
American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around
the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same:
a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As
grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly
being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or
more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by
settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,
grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and
allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies
remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防 ) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm
animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and
campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other
farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who
manages bears in and around Missoula.
32. How do Americans look at grizzlies
A. They cause mixed feelings in people.
B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value.
D. They are a symbol of American culture.
33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A. The European settlers’ behavior.
B. The expansion of bears’ range.
C. The protection by law since 1975.
D. The support of Native Americans.
34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies
A. The opposition of conservation groups.
B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists.
D. The local farmers’ advocates.
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.第 04 讲 阅读理解高频词、高频短语
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练
【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 阅读理解高频词基础练
单项选择
1．（2023 高三·全国·专题练习）The twins resemble very much in appearance.We couldn’t _________ them out.
A．figure B．carry
C．spot D．turn
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对双胞胎长得很像，我们看不出来。A. figure 计算；B. carry 拿，搬，
扛；C. spot 注意到；D. turn（使）转动，旋转。根据“The twins resemble very much in appearance”可知，这
里考查动词 spot，动词短语 spot out，意为“看出”。故选 C。
【易错提醒】本题出现阅读障碍词 resemble, v.“相像”。spot 一词多义，此处为动词，表示“认出，识
别”。
2．（2024 高三·广东广州·阶段练习）It has been ________ that this drug is effective.
A．composed B．prescribed C．restrained D．demonstrated
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这药已被证实是有效的。A. composed 组成；B. prescribed 开处方；C.
restrained 制止；D. demonstrated 证明。根据句意可知，已被证实，这种药是有效的。故选 D 项。
3．（2024 高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Tickets are limited and will be ________ to those who apply first.
A．relieved B．allocated C．alleviated D．investigated
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：门票有限，将分配给最先申请的人。A. relieved 减轻；B. allocated 分配；
C. alleviated 减轻；D. investigated 调查。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“分配”，故用 allocate，与主语 Tickets
为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的 will be 构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选 B。
【名师点拨】选项中动词词义如果熟练掌握，句意非常明了。新高考中淡化语法，强调语境。故考生应当
扩大词汇量，掌握句子成分划分技巧，便可轻松理解句意。
4．（2024 高三·广东·模拟预测）The company has announced that it will ________ a full investigation into the
accident.
A．advocate B．exceed C．distribute D．undertake
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司已宣布将对事故进行全面调查。A. advocate 提倡；B. exceed 超
过；C. distribute 分配；D. undertake 承担。根据后文“a full investigation into the accident”可知，应是“承担全
部的事故调查”之意，undertake 符合语境。故选 D 项。
5．（23-24 高三·广东东莞·考试）At any time, we must ________ great importance to the work of speeding up
developing new products.
A．attach B．appeal C．stick D．commit
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作。A. attach 赋
予，认为……具有；B. appeal 呼吁；C. stick 粘，贴；D. commit 犯（罪、错）。由“the work of speeding up developing
new products”可知，句子表示“在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作”，“高度重视”是固
定短语 attach great importance to，因此空格处是 attach。故选 A。
6．（23-24 高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）A symphony orchestra is __________ of a variety of brass, woodwind,
percussion and stringed instruments.
A．consisted B．compared C．composed D．concluded
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。A. consisted
构成；B. compared 比较；C. composed 组成；D. concluded 推断出。be composed of 由……组成；consist of
由……组成，不用被动语态。根据“a variety of brass, woodwind, percussion and stringed instruments.”可知，交
响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。故选 C。
7．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·期中）The public ________ the government for taking practical measures to protect the
environment.
A．exploited B．applauded C．dismissed D．arrested
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公众赞扬政府采取切实措施保护环境。A. exploited 剥削；B. applauded
鼓掌，赞扬；C. dismissed 解雇；D. arrested 逮捕。政府采取切实措施保护环境，公众表示赞扬，applaud...for...
表示“为某事赞扬某人”，符合句子的语境。故选 B 项。
8．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·期中）By joining the club, not only have I ________ basic writing skills, but I also made
some new friends with similar hobbies.
A．deserved B．calculated C．categorized D．acquired
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过加入俱乐部，我不仅获得了基本的写作技能，而且还结识了一些
有着相似爱好的新朋友。A. deserved 值得；B. calculated 计算；C. categorized 分类；D. acquired 获得。加入
俱乐部的好处之一是获得了基本的写作技能，acquire skills 意味着获得或取得技能，与句子的语境相符合。
故选 D 项。
9．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Some regard AI as a potential major threat to humans. However,
others_________ this fear.
A．appreciate B．dismiss C．address D．recall
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些人认为人工智能是对人类的潜在重大威胁。然而，其他人对这种
担忧不屑一顾。A. appreciate 欣赏，感激；B. dismiss 不考虑，不理会；C. address 演讲；D. recall 回想。根
据“Some regard AI as a potential major threat to humans”及“However”可知，其他的人不考虑这种担忧。故选
B。
10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）On arrival at the village, the author was_________ warmly by local villagers.
A．recorded B．recognized C．received D．refreshed
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者一到村子，就受到了当地村民的热情接待。A. recorded 记录；B.
recognized 认出；C. received 接待；D. refreshed 使恢复精神。根据“warmly by local villagers”可知，此处表示
受到当地村民的热情接待。故选 C。
11．（23-24 高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）These articles ________ the problems of the modern world, including race
relations and community development.
A．address B．accelerate
C．accumulate D．disturb
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些文章讨论了现代世界的问题，包括种族关系和社区发展。A. address
演说，解决；B. accelerate 加速；C. accumulate 积累；D. disturb 打扰。根据后文 the problems 指讨论了现代
世界的问题，应用 address。故选 A。
12．（23-24 高三·上海·期中）Some animal and plant species gradually went extinct because they couldn’t
_________ to the rapidly changing conditions in this area.
A．fall B．accommodate C．belong D．contribute
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些动植物物种因为不能适应这一地区迅速变化的环境而逐渐灭绝。
A. fall to 开始做某事；B. accommodate to 适应；C. belong to 属于；D. contribute to 有助于。根据后文“the rapidly
changing conditions in this area”指适应这一地区迅速变化的环境，故选 B。
13．（23-24 高三·上海·期中）Apart from teaching French, Martin _________ tennis in his spare time.
A．coached B．addressed C．batted D．greeted
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了教法语外，马丁在业余时间还做网球教练。A. coach v. 当教练；
B. address v. 解决，处理；C. bat v. 用球棒击球；D. greet v. 同…打招呼。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里
需要动词 coach，“当教练”符合句意。故选 A。
14．（2023·天津·一模）The earliest way of traveling was undoubtedly by foot, and humans’ earliest means
of_________goods was carrying loads on their back or head.
A．innovating B．transporting C．producing D．measuring
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，最早的旅行方式是步行，人类最早的运输货物的方式是背
上或头上负重。A. innovating 改革；B. transporting 运输； C. producing 生产；D. measuring 测量。根据后
文“goods was carrying loads on their back or head”可知是在说明人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负
重。故选 B。
15．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·期中）Fossil fuels are non-renewable, whose reserves will be used up one day in the
future. In contrast, renewable energy sources are basically __________, and will be available to us for a few billion
more years.
A．inadequate B．inexhaustible C．inaccessible D．inflexible
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：化石燃料是不可再生的，其储量总有一天会用完。相比之下，可再
生能源基本上是取之不尽用之不竭的，而且在几十亿年后我们还可以使用。A. inadequate 不充足的；B.
inexhaustible 取之不尽，用之不竭的；C. inaccessible 达不到的；D. inflexible 僵硬的。根据下文“will be available
to us for a few billion more years.(在几十亿年后我们还可以使用)”可推理出上文说的是可再生能源是取之不
尽，用之不竭的，故选 B 项。
16．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the acceptance letter from my dream university, I was
_________. I couldn’t contain my joy and excitement.
A．nervous B．ecstatic C．embarrassed D．furious
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我收到我梦寐以求的大学的录取通知书时，我欣喜若狂。我无法
抑制我的喜悦和兴奋。A. nervous 焦虑的；B. ecstatic 狂喜的；C. embarrassed 尴尬；D. furious 激烈的。根据
后文“I couldn’t contain my joy and excitement.”可知，“我”非常高兴。故选 B 项。
17．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·期中）The hardest part of going back to college was feeling ________ about the time
I spent away from my kids.
A．ridiculous B．confident C．guilty D．excited
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到大学最困难的地方在于我对离开孩子的时间感到内疚。A. ridiculous
荒谬的； B. confident 自信的； C. guilty 内疚的；D. excited 兴奋的。由“the time I spent away from my kids”
可知，“我”陪在孩子身边的时间变少了，为此“我”感到内疚，选择 guilty 一词，故选 C 项。
18．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the development of AI, the line between humans and robots will be
more _________in the future.
A．absurd B．violent C．urgent D．blurred
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的发展，未来人类和机器人之间的界限将更加模糊。
A. absurd 荒谬的；B. violent 暴力的；C. urgent 紧急的，迫切的；D. blurred 模糊不清的。根据前文“With the
development of AI(随着人工智能的发展)”可推知，有了人工智能的帮助，机器人更加智能化，与人类之间的
界限不再清晰，会变得更加模糊。故选 D 项。
19．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Claire found it_________ that she, a human being, was being offered
sympathy by a robot.
A．superior B．ridiculous C．straightforward D．thrilling
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克莱尔觉得她作为一个人类，竟然得到一个机器人的同情，这太荒
谬了。A. superior优越的；B. ridiculous荒谬的；C. straightforward直率的；D. thrilling令人兴奋的。根据“a human
being, was being offered sympathy by a robot.”可知，克莱尔认为作为人类被机器人同情是荒谬的。故选 B。
20．（23-24 高三·福建厦门·期中）The iconic Beijing National Stadium, also known as the “Bird’s Nest”, has a
________ of 80,000.
A．distribution B．capacity C．profile D．frequency
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：标志性的北京国家体育场，也被称为“鸟巢”，能容纳 8 万人。 A. distribution
分布；B. capacity 容量；C. profile 轮廓，概况；D. frequency 频率。capacity 意为“容量”，可以表示北京国家
体育场能容纳 8 万人，符合句子的语境，故选 B 项。
题型二 阅读理解高频短语基础练
单项选择
21．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·期中）Although I was disappointed at that time, __________ it is a good thing I did not
get that job because it would put me far away from my family.
A．in a way B．in my way C．by no means D．by all means
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然我当时很失望，但从某种程度上说，我没有得到那份工作是件好
事，因为它会让我远离我的家人。A. in a way 在某种程度上；B. in my way 用我的方式，挡我的道；C. by no
means 一点也不，绝不；D. by all means 必定，一定。上文提到“虽然我当时很失望”，下文提到“我没有得到
那份工作是件好事”，由此可知，此处表示从某种程度上说没有得到那份工作是件好事。故选 A。
22．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·期中）As the sun began to rise, a deep sense of well-being __________ me. I suddenly
felt full of hope and energy again.
A．hung over B．fell over C．turned over D．washed over
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当太阳开始升起时，一种深深的幸福感涌上心头。我突然觉得又充满
了希望和活力。A. hung over 宿醉；B. fell over 跌倒 ；C. turned over 翻转；D. washed over 涌上心头。根据
空格前的 a deep sense of well-being 可知，此处指“深深的幸福感涌上心头”。故选 D。
23．（23-24 高三·江苏苏州·期中）We are running a flower shop, and females __________ the vast majority of our
customers.
A．account for B．kick off C．give rise to D．take in
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开了一家花店，顾客中绝大多数是女性。A. account for 占比，解
释；B. kick off 开始，踢开；C. give rise to 引起，导致；D. take in 理解。根据后文“the vast majority of our
customers”此处指女性占顾客的多数，应用 account for。故选 A。
24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The conflict between Russia and Ukraine ________ on the Feb. 24th, 2022.
A．stood out B．got through C．took in D．broke out
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：俄乌冲突于 2022 年 2 月 24 日爆发。A. stood out 脱颖而出，突出；B. got
through 结束，打通（电话）；C. took in 吸收，领会；D. broke out 爆发。结合 The conflict between Russia and
Ukraine 可知，空格处应表达“爆发”，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故用 break out 的过去式 broke
out。故选 D。
25．（23-24 高三·广东东莞·考试）We should ________ the disagreements between both sides on how to build up
a scientific, strict, flexible and effective system in order to further promote closer relationship.
A．put aside B．put up C．put away D．put down
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该抛开双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方
面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系。A. put aside 把……放在一边；B. put up 张贴；C. put away 收起，
放好；D. put down 放下。由“in order to further promote closer relationship”可知，句子表示“我们应该抛开双方
在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系”，空格处意为“把……
放在一边”，故选 A。
26．（23-24 高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—Did Johnson pass the examination
—No. Often staying up late made him at his worst ________ physical situation.
A．in favor of B．in terms of C．in charge of D．in case of
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——约翰逊考试及格了吗？——没有。就身体状况而言，经常熬夜使
他处于最糟糕的状态。A. in favor of 赞成；B. in terms of 就……而言；C. in charge of 负责；D. in case of 万
一。结合语境可知，空格处应使用 in terms of 符合语境，即就身体状况这一方面而言，情况最差。故选 B
项。
27．（23-24 高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Work hard and practise more, and your effort will __________.
A．pay off B．give way C．carry on D．burst onto
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：努力工作，多练习，你的努力会得到回报的。A. pay off 得到回报；
B. give way 让步；C. carry on 继续；D. burst onto 突然出现。根据“Work hard and practise more,”可知，努力
会得到回报。故选 A。
28．（22-23 高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）You shouldn’t _________ that I take care of your pet dog.
A．take it easy B．take it for granted C．take it seriously D．take your time
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所当然的。A. take it easy 别急，
沉住气；B. take it for granted 认为这理所当然；C. take it seriously 认真对待它；D. take your time 慢慢来。
take it for granted that...意为“认为……理所当然”，其中 it 作形式宾语，that 引导宾语从句。根据句中的 that I
take care of your pet dog 可知，选 B。
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bears _________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough
to last them through their winter sleep.
A．pack up B．build up C．bring up D．take up
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏天到秋天都在储存脂肪，以便有足够的能量让他们度过冬
眠期。A. pack up 整理；把……打包；B. build up 逐渐积聚，增进；加强；C. bring up 教育；养育；D. take up
拿起，开始从事，据（时间，地方）。此处考查动词短语 build up fat stores，意为“积累脂肪储备” ，故选 B
项。
30．（2024 高三·天津·模拟）When you are faced with obstacles in Senior 3, try not to let discouraging thoughts
_______. Be optimistic and trust yourself, and you’ll make it.
A．take over B．take up C．take on D．take in
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你在高三遇到障碍时，尽量不要让沮丧的想法占据主导地位。乐观
一点，相信自己，你会成功的。A. take over 接管，控制，取代，占上风；B. take up 占用（时间），占据
（空间）；C. take on 呈现；D. take in 欺骗，理解，吸收。根据空前的 let discouraging thoughts 可知，这里
指让沮丧的想法占上风。故选 A。
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passage 1 体裁：说明文 主题：研究发现
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact
standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers
tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to
PM2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has
relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every
student in North Carolina in those years, for the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma
Zang, coauthor of the study.
The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地 )
impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “There are a lot of
policies that are not friendly towards them. So, when they’re exposed to the same level of air pollution, they don’t
have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more
resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers.
“The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air
quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their
test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.”
Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic
performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at
whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences.
31．What’s the greatest advantage of the study
A．Tracking each student for 18 years. B．Collecting more comprehensive data.
C．Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely. D．Building links between air pollution and test scores.
32．According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls ________.
A．benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution
B．have the lowest test scores due to their identities
C．lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution
D．suffer from educational inequalities owing to their background
33．What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3
A．Offering a suggestion. B．Raising a doubt.
C．Making a comparison. D．Giving a prediction.
34．What might be the focus of the follow-up studies
A．Applicability of the findings to other regions. B．Ways to address racial and sexual differences.
C．Long-term impacts of air pollution on children. D．Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children.
【答案】31．B 32．C 33．A 34．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，空
气污染可能会对标准化考试成绩产生负面影响。文章介绍了研究的具体发现以及相应的应对建议。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段““The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina
in those years, for the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the
study. (该研究的合著者 Emma Zang 说：“这项研究最大的优势在于，我们追踪了北卡罗来纳州那些年的每一
位学生，追踪了他们在公立学校上学的整个时间。”)”可知，这项研究最大的优势是收集了更全面的数据。
故选 B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“So, when they’re exposed to the same level of air pollution, they don’t have the
resources to lessen the negative influences. (所以，当他们暴露在同样水平的空气污染中时，他们没有资源来减
轻负面影响)”可知，少数族裔和女孩缺乏减少空气污染影响的资源。故选 C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段““The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in
areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air
pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to
better protect our children.” (“美国的 PM2.5 污染水平相对较低，但生活在低于当前 PM2.5 年空气质量标准地
区的学生，在考试成绩方面仍然受到空气污染的负面影响，”Zang 说。“我们应该致力于提高 PM2.5 年度标
准，以更好地保护我们的孩子。”)”可知，臧在第三段提供建议。故选 A。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether
the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences. (研究人员
说，接下来的研究将包括观察这些发现是否在不同的领域也适用，以及族裔和性别差异背后的原因)”可推知，
后续研究的重点可能是调查结果对其他区域的适用性。故选 A。
Passage 2 体裁：议论文 主题：网络攻击的问题探讨
In recent years, aggression on social media have become commonplace. More than half of the victims said
they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator (作恶者). Most people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the
Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior.
Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human nature Are we-at our
core-aggressive beasts It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app ear to be growing. The
level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. But I don’t believe that’s because social media has
unlocked our cruel human nature.
As an evolutionary anthropologist, I have spent years researching our transformation as a species. Over the
past two million years, we have evolved from groups of apelike beings armed with sticks and stones to the creators
of cars, rockets, and nations. Our bigger brains have allowed us to bond and cooperate in more complex and diverse
ways than any other animal. Meanwhile, “you are whom you meet.” How we perceive, experience, and act in the
world is shaped by who and what surround us on a daily basis. This process has deep evolutionary roots and gives
humans what we call a shared reality.
I would argue that the rise in online aggression is a product of our evolutionary social skills, the social media
boom, and the specific political, economic and social context where we find ourselves. This explosive combination
has opened up a space for increasingly more people to fan the flames of aggression and insult online. Aggressive
behavior-especially to those you don’t have to confront face-to-face-is easier than it’s ever been. And for the
aggressor, there are often no consequences.
Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our
core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting
pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both.
35．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph two refer to
A．Hate crimes on the rise. B．Growing political divisions.
C．Considerable online bitterness. D．The transformation of humans.
36．What’s the author’s attitude toward social media
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Ironic.
37．What does the author propose to address the issue of growing aggression
A．Embracing our aggressive nature to compete in today’s world.
B．Strengthening laws to hold perpetrators responsible for their online actions.
C．Promoting positive behaviors and interactions in both real-life and digital spaces.
D．Focusing only on reducing anonymity on the internet to reduce offensive behavior.
38．What is mainly discussed in this passage
A．The impact of social media on society.
B．The influence of evolution on our behavior.
C．The reasons behind rising online aggression.
D．The factors in the social media development.
【答案】35．C 36．B 37．C 38．C
【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，还
是社交媒体的过错。
35．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human
nature Are we-at our core-aggressive beasts It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app
ear to be growing. The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. (社交媒体上日益增长的攻击性
是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也
在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。)”可知，that 指上文公众相当高的痛苦程度。
A. Hate crimes on the rise 仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B. Growing political divisions 日益严重的政治分歧；C.
Considerable online bitterness 相当多的网络痛苦；D. The transformation of humans 人类的转变。故选 C。
36．推理判断题。根据一段中“Most people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the Internet provides cover for
nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior. (大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”和第
二段中“The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. But I don’t believe that’s because social
media has unlocked our cruel human nature. (公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。但我不相信
这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击性行为提供了
遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度还是比较公正客观的。
故选 B。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we
are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive
harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on
social media, we must do both. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这
是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。
无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社会之所以
变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出来与这些攻
击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选 C。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段“In recent years, aggression on social media have become
commonplace. More than half of the victims said they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator (作恶者). Most
people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior. (近
年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身份。大多数人
认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增加，很多人认为始
作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human
nature. (但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因为人类本性好斗呢？他
不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，
各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s
not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse,
and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In
person and on social media, we must do both. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心
更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态
度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”作者呼吁大家行动起来，与这些攻
击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击行为背后的原因，故选 C。
Passage 3 体裁：说明文 主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响
Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck
in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time:
“Did they like me or were they just being polite ” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ”
To find out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research. In our
studies, participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before. Afterward, they were asked how
much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them.
This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked.
Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the
impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them
and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.
This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions, but its effects extend
far beyond a first impression. Surprisingly, the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships, including
interactions with coworkers, long after the initial conversations have taken place. Having a larger liking gap is
associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and
honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together.
There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of
attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more
questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re
focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think
you didn’t do well.
39．Why did the author carry out 10 years of research
A．To dismiss national concerns. B．To check out a potential bias.
C．To enhance human communication. D．To develop harmonious relationships.
40．What is one effect of people’s liking gap
A．Fewer chances of new projects. B．Underestimation of their ability.
C．Bad relationships with people around. D．Low willingness to interact with others.
41．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Restate opinions. B．Deliver warnings. C．Give suggestions. D．Make a
summary.
42．Which might be the best title for the text
A．Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances
B．First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations
C．People Probably Like You More Than You Think
D．How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume
【答案】39．B 40．D 41．C 42．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段“Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time.
People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with
someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite ” “Were they deep in thought or deeply
bored ”(最初的对话会对关系的发展产生巨大的影响。人们常常会陷入自己第一次和别人说话时留下的印象
中：“他们是喜欢我还是只是出于礼貌？”“他们是在沉思还是很无聊？”)”以及第二段“To find out whether
these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research.(为了弄清楚这些担忧是否有必要，我
们进行了近 10 年的研究)”可知，作者进行 10 年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见。故选 B。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask
workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback, and less willing to work on
another project together.(好感认知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事寻求帮助，越不愿意向同事提供公开和诚实
的反馈，越不愿意一起完成另一个项目)”可知，好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低。故选 D。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start
is shifting your focus of attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious
about them, ask them more questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other
person, and the less you’re focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will
turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well.(有很多策略可以减少你的偏见。可以从转移你的注意力开始。
试着把你的注意力转移到你的谈话对象身上，真诚地对他们感到好奇，问他们更多的问题，并认真倾听他
们的回答。你越关注对方，越少关注自己，你们的对话就会越好，你也就越不会去想那些你认为自己做得
不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想给出建议。故选 C。
42．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative
feelings about the impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation
partners like them and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.(我们一次又一次地发现，人
们在结束谈话时对自己留下的印象感到消极。也就是说，人们系统性地低估了交谈对象对自己的喜爱程度
和对陪伴的享受程度——这种错误的信念我们称之为“好感认知差距”)”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认
知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。可知，C 选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”最符合文章标
题。故选 C。
1.（2024 年 1 月浙江卷 C 篇）
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a
result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail
Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain
before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project
flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years
“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area
from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification
Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot
be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating
wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the
University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell
in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one
really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice,
doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has
succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed
in relative legal safety.
8. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
10. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 1991 年 9 月 7 日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加
里的南郊。因此，自 1996 年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约 200 万美元。飞机
在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯
塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
【8 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million
per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make
small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自 1996 年以来，一组保险公
司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约 200 万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使
小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选 B 项。
【9 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry
that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东
部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾
伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选 A 项。
【10 题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research
scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷
风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce
moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克
拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999 年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由
种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当
然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在 1999 年看到的龙卷风是为了
提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选 C 项。
【11 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud
seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,
no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering
can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，
怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。
因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将
继续存在。故选 D 项。
2.（2023 年全国甲卷 D 篇）
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the
American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around
the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same:
a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As
grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly
being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or
more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by
settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,
grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and
allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies
remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防 ) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm
animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and
campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other
farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who
manages bears in and around Missoula.
32. How do Americans look at grizzlies
A. They cause mixed feelings in people.
B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value.
D. They are a symbol of American culture.
33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A. The European settlers’ behavior.
B. The expansion of bears’ range.
C. The protection by law since 1975.
D. The support of Native Americans.
34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies
A. The opposition of conservation groups.
B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists.
D. The local farmers’ advocates.
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到 2000 多头，但也带来了一些问题。
【12 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a
conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到
2.5 米长，体重超过 400 公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，
我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选 A 项。
【13 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975 年，
灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their
recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,
which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有 2,000 只或更多的灰熊。
它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊
的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于 1975 年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选 C 项。
【14 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has
been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would
loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from
conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有 2,000 只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非
常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，
允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组
织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选 A 项。
【15 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,
sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants
from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around
chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to
have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel,
longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，
有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰
熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一
个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉
及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和
灰熊可以和谐相处。故选 B 项。
