八年级英语精品课及练习
第16讲 完形填空题型解题技巧
第一部分 题型解题技巧
一、完形填空题型介绍
完形填空是一种测试考生综合运用英语语言知识能力的一种题型，它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力考查于一体，考查考生在阅读理解基础上，在一定语言情景下灵活运用词汇的能力。首先要求考生具备较强的阅读能力，具备能根据短文所给线索，捕捉相关信息，进行分析判断、逻辑推理的能力，它还要求考生能熟练运用所学词汇、语法、习惯用语及交际用语等语言知识进行填词，考查了使用语言的准确性。
由于完形填空属于有障碍性的阅读，考生对阅读这些含有空缺单词的短文没有把握、困难较大，所以往往望题生畏。因而完形填空历来是考生失分率较高的题型。
二、完形填空题型做题技巧
1、完形填空的做题误区
很多学生说，他们做完形填空时，往往采用“翻译法和代入法”，即做题时翻译文章内容，感觉哪个合适选哪个，看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配，然后作选择或者填空。其实这样做是很危险的。
(1) 在实际考试中，翻译很容易受母语影响，进行错误选择;
(2) 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项，完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的，即便是固定说法，也是不合适的，在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。
2、解题步骤
在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。
具体可分为以下三步：
01通览全文，了解大意
02综合考虑，先易后难
03复读检验，消除疏漏
3、考查重点及解题思路
纵观这几年试卷发现，完形填空重点考查单词，短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义，而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏，但完形却得分率不高的原因。
完形填空非常强调逻辑对应，请大家注意以下几点:
01通览全文，了解大意
02重点关注例子与例子之间的关系
03选词请重视“具体表达”、“最佳适用原则”
4、应该如何入手
01做题前
先花30-45秒时间预览文章，大致了解文章的体裁(记叙、议论或者……)、文章内容、几个段落、是否有小标题和项目符号(这个往往是该段的主题句)。
02做题时
首句和小标题重点读，充分体会文章论证结构，灵活使用技巧(例子与例子的关系，例子与中心句的关系、平行关系等等)，注意逻辑对应，指代清晰。
特别提醒，绝对避免见空填空，(即看到一个空格，直接看选项进行选择)，这样很危险，失误率会大大增加。再次强调，完形填空强调单词、短语在语境(句子层面，段落层面，篇章层面)的应用。请填第一格词，务必读到第二格，很多时候两格之间出题者往往给了很多暗示和线索，依次类推。
03完成试题后
请重读该文1-2遍，确保单词在该句语法，语义，语境都合适。完型填空不是没有规律可循的。要学会掌握一种“顺藤摸瓜”的方法，也就是寻找线索。
句子本身的线索主要指空格前后所要求的搭配、词汇的并列等；句子之间的线索主要指逻辑关系，如转折、因果、递进等;全文线索主要指文章的主题、作者的倾向以及词汇的同义复现，即作者在上下文中以不同的词表达同一意思等。
所以要根据不同情况寻找不同线索，然后确定答案。
第二部分 完形填空专项训练（含解析）
一
While I was waiting to go to college, I saw in a newspaper a teaching job about ten miles from where I lived. Because I needed money and wanted to 1 something useful, I applied
Three days later, a letter 2 . It asked me to see the principal(校长) at Croydon. It was an 3 journey-a train to Croydon station, a 4 bus ride and then a walk of at 5 a quarter of a mile. It was clear that the principal(校长) 6 opened the door. He was 7 and round. "The school," he said, "has a group of twenty-four boys between seven 8 thirteen." I had to 9 all the subjects except Art which he taught himself. It was 10 that I had to teach them on Saturday afternoon.
Before I had time to ask about my salary(工资) , he stood up. "Now," he said, "you'd better meet my wife（妻子）. She is the one who really runs this school."
1．A．buy B．give C．teach D．write
2．A．arrived B．reached C．got D．wrote
3．A．comfortable B．difficult C．uncomfortable D．short
4．A．10-minute B．10 minute C．10-minutes D．10 minutes
5．A．first B．last C．least D．most
6．A．himself B．him C．his D．he
7．A．bad B．glad C．short D．smiling
8．A．to B．and C．for D．or
9．A．like B．practice C．study D．teach
10．A．bad B．better C．worse D．good
二
Ashley was outspoken, fashionable, and the “Queen Bee” in my school.
I looked up to her and admired her. I listened to the music she listened to, wore the clothes she wore. I even took art class though I had really wanted to take theatre. I finally fitted in her group.
One day, I skipped (溜走) out of my last class a few minutes early to 11 seats for our group at the dining hall. Focusing on my homework, I didn't notice they had sat down behind me. Before I could say a word, I realized what they were talking about.
I listened silently. “She's such a loser,” one girl said.
Another girl added, “Ashley, she 12 follows you, trying to copy you.”
“I wish she would leave us alone. We were in the same summer school and now she thinks we're best friends.” The once familiar voice sounded so 13 and strange.
I felt really embarrassed (尴尬的). My hands were shaking. I couldn't help crying sadly. I felt hear-broken for the very first time. How did this happen I 14 we were friends.
I ran home. My mother just held me while I cried for hours. The advice she gave was so 15 , and I had heard it a million times. “Just be yourself and people will like you for 16 you are.” This time it became so meaningful. Then and there I 17 to find myself back. That was exactly what I did.
Over the next month, I went through a lot of 18 I bought new clothes that I wanted to wear. I no longer went to art class with them, and took theatre. I began making new friends. I developed my own 19 and never again followed the crowd.
I had an amazing school year. When I look back, I think it was the year when I discovered the person I was going to be. Despite (尽管) the pain I felt that day, it was a 20 they had given me.
11．A．get B．buy C．cover D．move
12．A．hardly B．always C．never D．sometimes
13．A．serious B．special C．weak D．cold
14．A．found B．dreamed C．realized D．thought
15．A．funny B．simple C．useful D．different
16．A．where B．what C．how D．who
17．A．failed B．forgot C．decided D．continued
18．A．pains B．doubts C．changes D．troubles
19．A．skills B．habits C．projects D．opinions
20．A．gift B．chance C．promise D．surprise
三
The school music club opens (开放). Tony wants to 21 the club, but doesn’t want to go alone (独自). He wants his 22 to go to the club with him. So he calls them at home, but no one is 23 .
Peter says he has to write an e-mail on the computer to his pen friend Gina. He doesn’t like music.
Lily says she likes music very much. Miss Green teaches her and her classmates to sing at school. They have a singing competition (竞赛) today.
Tom says he wants to 24 with his sister. It is his favorite sport.
Tony is not happy because no one can go to the club with him and he can’t be one of the 25 club.
21．A．see B．help C．join
22．A．friends B．parents C．teachers
23．A．at school B．free C．at home
24．A．play the violin B．watch TV C．play baseball
25．A．music B．sports C．math
四
Franco is a waiter in New York City. He has one week off for summer holiday every year. Last summer he 26 to go to California. He didn’t want to go by plane. So he took the train from New York to California.
The train left Penn Station in New York City at 10:00 pm on Monday. Franco tried to 27 that night, but he couldn’t. He was too excited because he knew this travel in California would be a 28 one.
For five days, Franco didn’t 29 the train. He often had a walk 30 the train and talked with other people. Sometimes he 31 to the linking part between two cars to get some fresh air. He had all his meals in the dining car.
32 , at 2:45 pm on Friday, the train reached San Francisco. Franco was happy to leave the train. On Sunday, Franco took a 33 back to New York. He looked out of its window and 34 the sight below. After a while, he closed his eyes and started to make 35 for his next summer holiday.
26．A．dreamed B．decided C．hoped D．had
27．A．sleep B．eat C．walk D．read
28．A．tiring B．boring C．worrying D．fantastic
29．A．take B．bring C．leave D．miss
30．A．across B．through C．among D．between
31．A．led B．turncd C．traveiled D．walked
32．A．Luckily B．Safely C．Finally D．Slowly
33．A．plane B．train C．bus D．coach
34．A．caught B．got C．found D．enjoyed
35．A．wishes B．plans C．changes D．reports
五
In many big cities, there are usually more than one underground line（地铁线）. The fastest way 36 in a city is by subway. Do you know how to travel by subway Here is some information 37 before you travel by subway. First, you should 38 the right line. If you don't, you will have to 39 and take another one. Second, you need some coins 40 your ticket, because 41 the machines which sell tickets only accept coins. Coins can be changed next to the ticket machines. Or you can go to the ticket office 42 some. 43 you have a prepaid card, you can just go ahead. After you have bought the 44 , you should wait for your subway outside the yellow line. You 45 walk too close to the yellow line. It's dangerous.
36．A．traveling B．to travel C．traveled D．/
37．A．to know B．to find C．to see D．to take
38．A．plan B．draw C．discuss D．choose
39．A．get up B．go down C．get off D．get on
40．A．of B．to C．for D．in
41．A．most of B．some of C．one of D．a bit of
42．A．to buy B．to get C．to borrow D．to change
43．A．Where B．If C．What D．Why
44．A．coin B．train C．everything D．ticket
45．A．should B．needn't C．must not D．must
参考答案
一
文章大意
作者是一名即将入学的大学生，为生计他到一所小学去应聘。校长和他面谈时，交待了他所需要做的复杂的教学工作。他在询问报酬时，校长却做不了主，因为学校是他夫人做主。
解析
1．考查动词。A. buy买；B. give给；C. teach教；D. write写。根据I needed money和something useful，可推知作者是想去“买”一些有用的东西，结合选项，故答案选A。
2．考查动词。A. arrived到达；B. reached到达；C. got得到；D. wrote写。根据语境可知是作者收到了一封信，因无宾语故用不及物动词；arrive是不及物动词表示“到达”；故答案选A。
3．考查形容词。A. comfortable舒适的；B. difficult困难的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. short短的。根据下文，去见面要乘火车、公共汽车和步行。因此旅途是很“不舒服的”；结合选项，故答案选C。
4．考查复合形容词。A. 10-minute“10分钟的”，是复合形容词；B. 10 minute形式错误；C. 10-minutes形式错误；D. 10 minutes“10分钟”，是名词词组。由句意“一个十分钟的汽车车程”，可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
5．考查副词短语。A. first首先；B. last最后；C. least最少；D. most大多数。根据句意“步行了至少四分之一英里的路程”可知应填固定短语at least“至少…”；故答案选C。
6．考查反身代词。A. himself他自己，反身代词；B. him他，宾格形式；C. his他的，形容词性物主代词；D. he他，主格形式。根据句意“校长自己开了门”，可知是考查反身代词；结合选项，故答案选A。
7．考查形容词。A. bad坏的；B. glad高兴的；C. short矮的；D. smiling微笑的。由句意可知本句应该是描述长相的，结合选项，故答案选C。
8．考查连词。A. to到；B. and和；C. for因为；D. or或者。根据句意可知是“二十四个7到13岁之间的孩子”，between and“在…和…之间”，故答案选B。
9．考查动词。A. like喜欢；B. practice练习；C. study学习；D. teach教。根据句意“我必须教所有的科目”，可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
10．考查比较级。A. bad坏的；B. better较好的；C. worse更糟糕的；D. good好的。根据下文可知是“更糟糕的”，因为星期六下午还得去教学生；故答案选C。
点睛：做这样的题首先要通读全文，了解文章大意。一篇短文填空有许多空格，所以必须要先通读一到二遍，才能大致了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句，其次要逐句分析，前后一致，填空时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。填空时要多联系上下文，注意固定搭配等。答案全部填完以后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词是否得当，意思是否正确等。如，第5小题，考查固定短语at least“至少…”；故答案选C。
二
短文大意
作者曾经追随自己班里的一个人，以她为偶像，随波逐流。后来作者受了伤害，知道了只有做真实的自己，别人才会真正的喜欢你。
解析
11．句意：有一天，我提前几分钟逃掉了最后一节课，去食堂为我们小组争取座位。
get得到；buy买；cover覆盖；move移动。根据“seats for our group at the dining hall”可知，是去食堂占位，故选A。
12．句意：Ashley，她总是跟着你，试图模仿你。
hardly几乎不；always总是；never从不；sometimes有时。根据“I looked up to her and admired her. I listened to the music she listened to, wore the clothes she wore”可知，作者总是跟着Ashley，故选B。
13．句意：曾经熟悉的声音听起来如此冰冷和陌生。
serious严重的；special特别的；weak虚弱的；cold冷的。根据“The once familiar voice sounded so …and strange”可知，这些人说着伤害作者的话，这些话听起来既冰冷又陌生，故选D。
14．句意：我以为我们是好朋友。
found发现；dreamed梦想；realized认识到；thought认为。根据“now she thinks we're best friends”可知，作者以为她们一直都是好朋友，故选D。
15．句意：她给的建议是如此的简单。
funny搞笑的；simple简单的；useful有用的；different不同的。根据空后“I had heard it a million times.”可知，妈妈说的建议“我”都听过很多遍了，因此这个建议不是什么特别的，是很平常、简单的，simple符合语境，故选B。
16．句意：只要做你自己，人们就会喜欢真实的你。
where哪里；what什么；how怎样；who谁。根据句中“Just be yourself”可知，妈妈的建议是“做自己”，即“who you are”，故选D。
17．句意：就在那时，我决定找回自己。
failed失败；forgot忘记；decided决定；continued继续。结合语境可知，听完了妈妈的话，作者决定找回自己，故选C。
18．句意：在接下来的一个月里，我经历了很多改变，我买了我想穿的新衣服。
pains痛苦；doubts怀疑；changes改变；troubles麻烦。根据“I bought new clothes that I wanted to wear”及“I no longer went to art class with them, and took theatre. I began making new friends”可知，作者开始改变了，故选C。
19．句意：我有了自己的想法，再也不随波逐流。
skills技能；habits爱好；projects项目；opinions观点。根据“never again followed the crowd”可知，作者不追随别人了，也就是有了自己的想法。故选D。
20．句意：尽管那天我感到了痛苦，但这是他们给我的礼物。
gift礼物；chance机会；promise承诺；surprise惊讶。根据“I had an amazing school year.”可知，短文中作者叙述的这件事让她成长了，所以这是给她的一个礼物，故选A。
三
短文大意
本文主要讲述了Tony想参加音乐俱乐部，找他的朋友一起参加。但是他的朋友没有时间，不能陪他一起参加。
解析
21．句意：Tony想要参加这个俱乐部，但是他不想独自去。
see看见；help帮助；join参加。根据“but doesn’t want to go alone”和“go to the club with him.”可知，Tony想找人一起参加音乐俱乐部。故选C。
22．句意：他想要他的朋友和他一起参加这个俱乐部。
friends朋友；parents父母；teachers老师。根据“Peter says he has to write an e-mail on the computer to his pen friend Gina. He doesn’t like music. Lily says she likes music very much. Miss Green teaches her and her classmates to sing at school. They have a singing competition today. Tom says he wants to play baseball with his sister. It is his favorite sport.”可推测，Peter、Lily和Tom是Tony的朋友。故选A。
23．句意：所以他在家给他们打电话，但是没有人有时间。
at school在学校；free空闲的；at home在家。根据“Peter says he has to write an e-mail on the computer to his pen friend Gina. He doesn’t like music.”“Lily says she likes music very much. Miss Green teaches her and her classmates to sing at school. They have a singing competition today.”可知，他的朋友们都没有时间。故选B。
24．句意：Tom说他想和他的妹妹打棒球。
play the violin拉小提琴；watch TV看电视；play baseball打棒球。根据“It is his favorite sport.”可知，Tom想和他的妹妹一起运动，打棒球。故选C。
25．句意：Tony不开心，因为没有人能和他一起参加俱乐部，并且他不能成为音乐俱乐部的成员之一。
music音乐；sports运动；math数学。根据“The school music club opens. Tony wants to join the club”可知，Tony想参加音乐俱乐部。故选A。
四
短文大意
本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍了弗兰科去年夏天度假的经历。
解析
26．句意：去年夏天他决定去加利福尼亚。
dreamed梦想；decided决定；hoped希望；had有。根据“So he took the train from New York to California.”和后文描述可知，去了加利福尼亚，所以此处指“决定去做某事”，故选B。
27．句意：那晚弗兰科想睡觉，但他睡不着。
sleep睡觉；eat吃；walk走路；read阅读。根据“The train left Penn Station in New York City at 10:00 pm on Monday.”可知，晚上十点钟应该是睡觉时间，故选A。
28．句意：他太兴奋了，因为他知道这次加州之旅将是一次很棒的旅行。
tiring累人的；boring无聊的；worrying担心的；fantastic极好的。根据“He was too excited”可知，他很兴奋，所以他觉得旅行是很棒的，故选D。
29．句意：整整五天，弗兰科没有离开火车。
take拿；bring带来；leave离开；miss思念，错过。根据后文“Franco was happy to leave the train.”可知，离开火车很高兴，所以他五天没离开过火车，故选C。
30．句意：他经常在火车上散步，和其他人聊天。
across横穿；through穿过（内部）；among在（三者及以上）……之间；between在两者之间。乘坐火车，所以是在火车内部，故选B。
31．句意：有时他走到两辆车之间的连接处去呼吸一些新鲜空气。
led导致；turned转向；traveiled旅游；walked步行。分析上下文，在火车上应该是走到连接处，故选D。
32．句意：最终，在周五下午2点45分，火车到达旧金山。
Luckily幸运地；Safely安全地；Finally最终；Slowly缓慢地。根据上文描述，他在火车里待了五天，此处指终于到达目的地，故选C。
33．句意：周日，弗兰科乘飞机返回纽约。
plane飞机；train火车；bus公交车；coach客车。根据“He looked out of its window and…the sight below.”可知，看下面的风景，应该是乘飞机，故选A。
34．句意：他望着窗外，欣赏着下面的景色。
caught抓住；got得到；found发现；enjoyed欣赏。根据“the sight”可知，应该是欣赏美景，故选D。
35．句意：过了一会儿，他闭上眼睛，开始为他的下一个暑假做计划。
wishes希望；plans计划；changes改变；reports报道。make plans for…为……做准备，故选B。
五
短文大意
本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述在城市里如何乘地铁旅行。
解析
36．句意：在城市里最快的旅游方式是乘地铁。
traveling旅游，现在分词；to travel不定式；traveled过去分词。the way的后置定语应用不定式to do 修饰，故选B。
37．句意：这里是一些乘地铁旅行之前需要知道的信息。
to know知道；to find找到；to see看见；to take拿。根据后文“before you travel by subway”可知旅行之前要知道这些信息，故选A。
38．句意：首先，你要选择正确的路线。
plan计划；draw画画；discuss讨论；choose选择。根据“First, you should...the right line.”可知应是选择一条正确的线路，故选D。
39．句意：如你没有选择正确，那么你将不得不下车乘坐另一条线路。
get up起床；go down下降；get off下车；get on上车。根据“If you don't, you will have to...and take another one.”可知路线选错就要下车乘坐另一条线路，故选C。
40．句意：第二，你需要一些硬币作为车票。
of介词，……的；to不定式符号；for对于；in在……里面。根据空格前后“some coins...your ticket”可知用介词for，用作。故选C。
41．句意：因为大部分售票机器只接受硬币。
most of大部分；some of一些；one of……之一；a bit of一点。根据上文“Second, you need some coins...”可知需要准备硬币是因为大部分机器只接受硬币，故选A。
42．句意：或者你可以去售票办公室换一些硬币。
to buy买；to get拿；to borrow借；to change换。根据上文“Coins can be changed next to the ticket machines.”可知此处是指在售票办公室换一些硬币，故选D。
43．句意：如果你提前充了卡，你可以直接去乘车。
Where哪里；If如果；What什么；Why为什么。根据后文“you can just go ahead.”可知前文是表示条件，如果有卡。故选B。
44．句意：买好车票之后，你应该在黄线以外等待地铁。
coin硬币；train火车；everything一切；ticket票。上文都在讲买票事宜，可知此处指买好票后乘车，故选D。
45．句意：你不能站的离黄线太近。
should应该；needn't不需要；must not禁止；must必须。根据后文“It's dangerous.”可知太危险，禁止离黄线太近。故选C。
