(共44张PPT)
动
词
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
及物动词
不及物动词
动词短语
be
do(does/did)
have(has/had)
will/shall
“是”系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
常见的情态动词：can/could,may/might,must,haveto ,should,need,had better 及其否定形式。
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 动词原形 be do have come
第三人称单数 一般在动词原形后直接加-s work→works read→reads
以s, o, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加-es go→goes wash→washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加-es fly→flies study→studies
过去式/过去分词 (规则变化/不规则变化) 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed listen→listened develop→developed(2022.57)
在以e结尾的动词后只加-d close→closed decide→decided(2023.65)
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed study→studied carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned
现在分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing sleep→sleeping wait→waiting
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing smile→smiling move→moving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加-ing sit→sitting dig→digging
plan→planning
少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing die→dying lie→lying
用动词原形的几种情况：
1. 情态动词、助动词后用动词原形；
2. 动词不定式to后用动词原形；
3. 祈使句中，用动词原形；
4. let, make, have等使役动词后，用动词原形；
5. had better, would rather后，Why not…？句式中，用动词原形。
(2022.57)But many children haven't the right habit of hand washing. (develop)
(2023.65)Have you what you want to do Do let me know if you have! (decide)
developed
decided
(2023 株洲改编)Can you 1._________ (imagine) how people on a more than 1，200－meter－high mountain in Hunan get their letters and parcels(包裹) Over the past 16 years, Yang Zhengui, a 60－year－old man, 2._____ always 3.______ (be) able to help people there to get them in time.
Yang is the only postman there. In order to 4._____ (get) to the office from his home on time, which is over 30 kilometers away, he has to get up at around 5 a．m. on workdays. Before 5._________ (leave)，Yang sorts the parcels in his post office.
When the parcels need to be delivered (送到) right away, he will always find a way to deliver them to the villagers, even if he 6.______ (go) there on foot, in spite of the bad weather.
So far, Yang 7.______________ (travel) more than 40，000 kilometers and 8.______ (wear) out four motorcycles. Although the trips were hard, Yang 9.______ (say) he got such a strong feeling of satisfaction when he saw the smiling faces of the villagers after they 10.__________(receive)their parcels.
imagine
has
been
get
leaving
goes
has traveled
worn
said
received
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
及物动词
不及物动词
动词短语
be
do(does/did)
have(has/had)
will/shall
“是”系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
常见的情态动词：can/could,may/might,must,haveto ,should,need,had better 及其否定形式。
1.实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
类别 用法 例句
及物 动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。常用的三种句式结构： 主语＋谓语＋宾语 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 I forgot her name. 我忘记了她的名字。
They asked me to go fishing with them.
他们让我和他们一起去钓鱼。
My father gave me a special gift.
我爸爸给了我一个特殊的礼物。
不及物动词 不及物动词自身意义完整，不用接宾语。有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词 I can't remember the book's name. 我记不起这本书的名字了。
I can't remember clearly. 我记不清了。
A ．及物动词 B．不及物动词
I was waiting for the bus when the rainstorm came and it began to rain heavily. 11. ( ) 12.( ) 13. ( )
Tom chooses to cook a meal for his mother on her birthday.
14.( ) 15.( )
第14题 choose既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。此处，不定式作宾语，choose作及物动词。
B
B
B
A
A
类别 用法 例句
延续性动词 延续性动词表示可以持续的动作，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用 I have kept this book for five days.
我已经借了这本书5天了。
非延续性动词 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一旦发生，立即结束，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用就要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 【注意】非延续性动词可用于现在完成时的否定式中，成为可以持续的状态，因而可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用 The movie began 20 minutes ago.
＝The movie has been on for 20 minutes.
电影已经开始了20分钟了。
I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
我已经3个星期没有他的消息了。
改正下列句子中的错误。
16．I have got a cold for two days, so I want to ask for leave.
_______________________________________________________
17．He has died for five years.
_______________________________________________________
I have had a cold for two days, so I want to ask for leave.
He has been dead for five years.
【拓展】延续性动词和非延续性动词之间的转换：
leave→be away borrow→keep buy→have
begin/start→be on die→be dead finish→be over
join→be in/be a member of go (get)out→be out put on→wear
open sth.→keep sth. open fall ill→be ill get up→be up
catch a cold→have a cold come here→be here go there→be there
become→be come back→be back get to know→know
fall asleep→be asleep get to/arrive in/at/reach→be (in)
2.动词短语--动词短语的构成
2.动词短语--常见的动词短语
come相关短语 come across偶然碰到 come along出现；到来 come from来自 come out出现；显露；出版 come true实现 come up with想出
look相关短语 look after照顾 look at看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 look around四处看 look up to钦佩；仰慕 look down on鄙视；看不起 look up查阅 look through浏览
look forward to期待
2.动词短语--常见的动词短语
put相关短语 put off推迟 put up搭建；举起；张贴 put together放在一起；组合 put on穿上；增重 put out扑灭；熄灭
take相关 短语 take after(外貌或性格)像 take action采取行动 take away拿走；带走 take care of照顾 take out拿出；取出 take up占据；开始从事 take over接管 take place发生take turns轮流 take in吸收 take off脱下衣服；飞机起飞 take part in参加take one's place代替某人的位置
2.动词短语--常见的动词短语
turn相关短语 turn on打开 turn off关闭 turn up调高；出现 turn down调低；拒绝 turn into变成 turn out结果是 turn to转向；求助于 turn around转身 turn back 原路返回
get相关短语 get away from逃离；远离 get up起床 get out离开；出去 get over克服 get together相聚 get to到达 get down下来 get on/along with…与……友好相处
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
及物动词
不及物动词
动词短语
be
do(does/did)
have(has/had)
will/shall
“是”系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
常见的情态动词：can/could,may/might,must,haveto ,should,need,had better 及其否定形式。
系动词
系动词，不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语构成系表结构，说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态。
(2022.66)There a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a good life.
are
类别 用法 例句
感官系动词 look看上去 feel摸上去 smell闻上去 sound听起来 taste尝起来 后接形容词作表语；也可接介词like加名词 What does he look like
他长什么样？
The silk feels cool.
丝绸摸上去很凉爽。
His voice sounded strange on the phone.
他的声音在电话里听着挺奇怪的。
类别 用法 例句
变化系动词 become变成/变得 grow变成/长成 turn变为/变得 fall进入/陷入 get变得/处于 go变得/成为 表示主语变成什么样 He became less interested in studying. 他对学习变得不那么感兴趣了。
As its population grows larger, the world seems to grow smaller.
随着人口增多，世界似乎在逐渐变小。
It suddenly started to rain and we all got wet.
突然下起雨来，我们都淋湿了。
18．—Grandma, what are you cooking in the kitchen It ____________ (smell) so sweet.
—I'm making a flower cake.
19．Wow, your idea ____________ (sound) great. Let's put it into practice to see if it will work.
20．You can enjoy the clean air and sunshine at the park. The best things in life _________ (be) free.
21．There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ____________ (seem) sad.
22．The population of teenagers who are interested in Chinese painting is _____________ (get) larger and larger.
23．All the leaves ____________ (turn) red overnight as if it was dark autumn.
smells
sounds
are
seemed
getting
turned
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
及物动词
不及物动词
动词短语
be
do(does/did)
have(has/had)
will/shall
“是”系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
常见的情态动词：can/could,may/might,must,haveto ,should,need,had better 及其否定形式。
助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态和语态，或帮助构成否定句或疑问句等。常用的助动词见下表：
助动词 功能 例句
be 构成进行时 What are you doing 你正在干什么？
构成被动语态 I was deeply moved by his words. 我被他的话深深地感动了。
do (does, did) 构成疑问句或否定句 Do you like playing basketball 你喜欢打篮球吗？He doesn't like to talk about his private life. 他不愿谈及他的私生活。
加强语气 Do get here on time. 一定要准时到达这里。
代替前面出现的动词 I watered the flower as he did before. 我像他之前那样浇花。
用于倒装句 Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从来没听过这种事。
have (has, had) 构成完成时 I have been in China for ten years. 我已经在中国十年了。
shall/will 构成一般将来时，shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称 I shall go to Japan next week.下周我要去日本。
There will be a football match tonight.
今天晚上将会有一场足球比赛。
A man was looking for things of the old times. One day he came to a village and found a blue bowl. It looked very old. The bowl 24._____ placed on the doorstep and a cat was drinking milk from it. A farmer, the owner of the cat, 25._____ sitting beside the bowl. The man 26._________ want the farmer to know that he was interested in the bowl. So he said to him in a soft voice, “What a nice cat you have! Will you sell it to me？”
was
was
didn't
“How much will you pay？” the farmer asked.
“I 27.______ pay you thirty dollars. Would that be enough？” Later, the farmer agreed. After he paid the farmer, the man said, “This cat is used to eating with its bowl. May I take this bowl with the cat？”
But the farmer said, “I'm sorry I can't give you the bowl. Thanks to the bowl, I 28.______ sold thirty cats.”
will
have
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
及物动词
不及物动词
动词短语
be
do(does/did)
have(has/had)
will/shall
“是”系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
常见的情态动词：can/could,may/might,must,haveto ,should,need,had better 及其否定形式。
情态 动词 含义及用法 例句
can 表示能力，意为“会，能” Though the boy is only five years old, he can play football very well. 尽管这个男孩只有五岁，但是他足球踢得很好。
表示请求或许可，常用在口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may Can I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗？
could could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力 I couldn't read such a difficult book when I was at the age of 5.我5岁时读不懂这么难的书。
could也可用于疑问句中表示委婉地提出请求 Could you tell me where the restrooms are？你能告诉我卫生间在哪吗？
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
may 表示请求或许可，常用于正式场合，意为“可以”。may用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用can't或者mustn't，不用may not —May I come into the room to see my mother 我可以进房间看看我的母亲吗？
—No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest. 不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。
may用于祈使句表示祝愿 May you be happy all your life. 祝你一生幸福。
might may的过去式 She was afraid that he might lose confidence.
她害怕他可能会失去信心。
表示请求，许可，意为“可以”，但是语气比may弱 Might I join you 我可以加入你们吗？
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
must 表示有做某一动作的必要或者义务，强调主观看法，意为“必须”。 【注意】以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must/have to，否定回答用needn't或者don't have to，而不能用mustn't We must stop and look both ways before we cross the road. 过马路前，我们必须停下来看看两边。
need 用于疑问句，意为“需要” Need I call him now？需要我现在给他打电话吗？
用于否定句，needn't 意为“不必” You needn't do it again. 你不需要再做这件事了。
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
have to 表示因客观需要而迫使主语不得不做某事，意为“不得不” I have to finish my work today. 我今天不得不完成我的工作。
should 表示责任、义务或者建议，意为“应该” We should learn to look after ourselves at school. 在学校我们应该学会照顾自己。
表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中 What should we do 我们应该怎么做？
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
shall shall表示征求意见或请求，用于第一人称，意为“……好吗？” Shall we go to the park for a picnic this weekend 这周末我们去公园野餐好吗？
shall表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、决心、允诺”等意思，用于第二、三人称 You shall not throw rubbish everywhere. 你不应该把垃圾扔得到处都是。
will 表示询问，请求，用于疑问句中，常用于第二人称 Will you lend that book to me 你会把那本书借给我吗？
表示意志、愿望和决心 Your parents will try their best to help you. 你的父母会尽他们最大的努力帮助你。
will 表示询问，请求，用于疑问句中，常用于第二人称 Will you lend that book to me 你会把那本书借给我吗？
表示意志、愿望和决心 Your parents will try their best to help you. 你的父母会尽他们最大的努力帮助你。
2.情态动词表推测
用法 例句
非常有把握的肯定推测用must，意为“一定，肯定”(100%可能性) The book must belong to Tina，because her name is on the cover. 这本书一定是Tina的，因为她的名字在封皮上。
表示把握不大的肯定推测用may，意为“有可能，也许” You may be tired after working for so long. 工作了这么久，你可能累了吧。
如果可能性稍低于may，用might Tomorrow he might come to visit you. I'm not sure. 明天他可能会来看你。我不确定。
肯定句中语气较弱的推测，用could Don't worry. They could have just forgotten to call. 别担心。他们可能只是忘了打电话。
否定句中语气较弱时，用may not，意为“可能不” Lily says she wants to go shopping, but she may not go because her mom asks her to go home early.
否定句中语气强烈时，用can't，意为“不可能”(可能性为零) He can't be in the classroom, because I saw him in the library just now.他肯定不在教室里，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。
情态动词can和must的区别：
1．can 表示请求，能力，推测(一般可能性，“有可能”)，can't 表示确定的语气，“不可能”。
如：He can be a good person. 他可能是个好人。It can't be true. 这不可能是真的。
2．must 表示必须，推测(很确信，“肯定”)，mustn't表示“不应该，禁止”。
如：He must be ill. 他一定是生病了。
You mustn't park your car here. 不准(禁止)你把车停在这里。
can must might have to can't mustn't
29．(2023 怀化改编)—______ I join the volunteer program on weekends
—Of course you can.
30．(2023 白银改编)—I ________ find my keys.
—Have you checked in your jacket pocket
31．(2023 成都改编)Your answer _______ be right, but I'm going to check to make sure.
32．—I don't want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I'm afraid you _________. After all, you broke his glasses.
33．As we know, sixteen－year－olds __________ drive a car in our country.
34．—Look! There are so many people in the restaurant.
—Yes. The food there ______ be delicious.
Can
can't
might
have to
mustn't
must
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
动词有5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
及物动词
不及物动词
动词短语
be
do(does/did)
have(has/had)
will/shall
“是”系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
常见的情态动词：can/could,may/might,must,haveto ,should,need,had better 及其否定形式。
一、动词在写作中的误用
不及物动词后直接跟宾语，漏掉介词。
1．Please wait me at the school gate.
________________________________________________________________
2.The Smiths have moved Beijing.
________________________________________________________________
Please wait for me at the school gate.
The Smiths have moved to Beijing.
该用现在分词，错用成动词原形。
3．I practice speak English every day.
________________________________________________________________
4．Spend time do what you want to do!
________________________________________________________________
I practice speaking English every day.
Spend time doing what you want to do！
延续性动词和非延续动词的误用
5．I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
________________________________________________________________
主动表被动的误用
6.The book is sold well.
________________________________________________________________
I have had/kept this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
The book sells well.
主动表被动的情况：
1．感官系动词
2．sell, write, read, wash等作不及物动词时可以表示被动意义。
3．need/require＋doing＝need/require＋to be done
如：The library needs cleaning.＝The library needs to be cleaned.
二、动词在写作中的规范应用
1．生活可以是容易的，也可以是困难的。这取决于你如何看待它。
Life can be easy or difficult. It depends on how you _________ it.
2．眼见为实。
Seeing _______________________________________________________.
look at
is believing
3．我来中国已经两年了。
I ______________ China for two years.
4．不要扔掉废纸。它需要被回收利用。
Don't ____________ the waste paper. It ____________________________.
have been in
throw away
needs recycling/to be recycled
结
束专题二 动词
一、(2023 杭州改编)完形填空 Comment by Administrator: 完形填空
文章旨在引导学生遇到困难时不要放弃，应该积极寻求有效的问题解决方法。
In February 2007, about two hundred paragliders were in Australia to prepare for the World Championship. They included Ewa Wisnierska, a German paragliding champion (冠军). One morning, as the competitors were getting ready to 1 ， they noticed that a terrible storm was coming. However, they decided to 2 . After all, these were the best paragliders in the world.
Unluckily, as the competitors took off, the weather quickly became 3 . Ewa tried to get away from the storm, but two huge clouds came together and 4 her.
The clouds pulled Ewa up inside the storm like a leaf in the wind. She 5 higher and higher, with lightning (闪电) and hailstones (冰雹) all around her. “I was 6 ，” she told reporters afterwards. “The last thing I 7 ， it was dark. I could hear lightning all around me.” She 8 to about 10，000 meters high and then lost all her senses. At that height, the temperature was about －40℃.
After forty minutes Ewa woke up. She was still inside the storm. It was dark and hailstones were 9 past. They were as big as tennis balls. Finally, Ewa came out of the storm cloud and 10 towards a small farm and landed 11 . She fell to the ground, too 12 to call for help. When her team 13 her, she was 60 km away from the place where she took off. She was covered in ice—but alive!
Ewa was sent to a(n) 14 for treatment at once, but a few days later, she competed in the World Championship. “Flying is too fantastic to stop 15 an accident，” she said.
(B)1.A．take after B．take off
C．take up D．take out
(D)2.A．get on B．turn on
C．work on D．carry on
(C)3.A．colder B．cooler
C．worse D．wetter
(B)4.A．saw B．caught
C．covered D．understood
(A)5.A．flew B．ran
C．walked D．kept
(A)6.A．shaking B．pulling
C．dreaming D．smiling
(D )7.A．decide B．repeat
C．consider D．remember
(D)8.A．guided B．drove
C．returned D．rose
(A)9.A．flying B．walking
C．crying D．pushing
(C)10.A．climbed B．jumped
C．headed D．swam
(B )11.A．comfortably B．safely
C．sadly D．secretly
(C)12.A．proud B．nervous
C．weak D．brave
(D )13.A．served B．greeted
C．visited D．reached
(A )14.A．hospital B．school
C．hotel D．office
(C)15.A．next to B．according to
C．because of D．instead of
二、语篇填空
第一节(2023 天水改编) Comment by Administrator: 语篇填空第一节
本文讲述了一位害羞的女孩发起了一场读书运动，帮助了他人也成长了自己。
talk she turn still interest good with book do collect
Emily loved reading. She used to be very shy. She was afraid of 1.talking to others. So she 2.turned to books. In 2019, her dad got sick. It was very serious. 3.Books became an even bigger comfort (安慰) for her.
Emily's dad got better. And she came up 4.with a plan to help others.
Emily started a book drive in her hometown. She collected books. She took them to kids being cared for in hospitals. So far, she has 5.collected more than 10，000 books.
Emily and her father are very close. When her father learned of her plans for the book drive, he wasn't surprised. “She is always 6.interested in books，” he says. “And she always wants to 7.do things for the neighborhood.” Emily runs the book drive herself, but she gets some help from her parents. “We do the driving，” her dad says.
Emily 8.still runs the book drive. The memory of meeting the children 9.she helped sticks with her. “It was the 10.best day of my life，” she says. “I realize I want to do this type of work forever.”
(一)熟词生义
为下列句子中的画线词选择正确的汉语释义。
A．n.驱车旅行 B．n.运动
C．v.迫使 D．v.驾车(送人)
(A)11.Let's go for a drive．
(D)12.Anna will drive me home after work.
(C)13.Those kids are driving me to give up all hope.
(B)14.There's going to be a nationwide drive to protect the traditional buildings.
(二)短语
根据上文，在下面的横线处写出相应的短语。
15．害怕 be afraid of
16．求助于 turn to
17．想出，提出 come up with
18．关心，照顾 care for
19．对……感兴趣 be interested in…
20.紧跟着某人 stick with sb.
第二节(2023 枣庄改编) Comment by Administrator: 语篇填空第二节
本文介绍了五一假期期间应该待在家还是出去旅游的一些不同的观点，并举例说明。
When May Day comes, it means that people will have several vacation days. If you 21.have already made a travelling plan for it, stop now and give a second thought.Why 22.Because there are a lot of people in many places of interest in China.
It was reported that there 23.were over 100，000 people on Mount Tai on May Day. You couldn't take photos for you or your friends. You even had no place to rest. A friend of mine told me he could see nothing except lots of people on Mount Tai. “We 24.couldn't walk if the people in front of us didn't walk，” he said.
So some people advise that we should just stay at home 25.to avoid too many people. However, other people disagree with them. They think it is exciting to go travelling. For me, I love staying at home more than travelling. What's your idea
三、用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空。
depend on make a speech put up play chess hand out pay attention to take care of
1．Fresh water is important. Life on Earth depends on it.
2．To take care of the old and care for the young is a good Chinese tradition.
3．Simon always stays up late. Doctor Ma advises him to pay attention to his health.
4．Mr.Lee was very tired after hiking, so he put up his tent and soon fell asleep in it.
5．—Sandy, where is Millie
—She is handing out new books in the classroom.
6．Tomorrow I'll visit my grandparents. I will play chess/am going to play chess with my grandpa.
7．Professor Wang was making a speech on teenage problems to us at 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon.
