北京市海淀区2024—2025学年第一学期期末练习高三英语试题
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文、掌握其大意、从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸 L将该项涂黑.
Last weekend. I took Rio, my energetic 3-year-old grandson who couldn't sit still for a moment,to the park so he could run around and see the duck pond. My goal was to get him outside for a while, let him 1 some energy, and teach him about the ducks. But he had no goals. Three-year-olds don`t need goals.
That was the first of several lessons I learned that day. I had expected to be the teacher, but I had it 2 . My grandson helped me remember things we' re born knowing but forget in the process of becoming an adult.
Rio had a sense of 3 . As soon as we walked into the park, he looked up at the sky. It was a cold day, with pillowy clouds drifting across the sky, and he found 4 in watching them. I'd forgotten how magical clouds could be.
His exploration was endless. He was always on the search for sticks. He knew that a stick could be used for many things. He scraped the ground with them, rapped a drumbeat with them on trees and benches, and 5 them in the air like a flag. No need for toys or electronic devices, unlike at home. Just sticks.
There were a few kids playing in the park with a parent and people walking dogs. Rio said hi to everyone and stuck out his hand for a high-five with a few 4 - to 5-year-olds. He tried to 6 conversations with enthusiasm. It was clear he didn't care what people looked like, how old they were, or whether they said hello first. No 7 . Just a sincere desire to 8 .
My biggest revelation from our hour in the park was that Rio was fully 9 no matter what he was doing. He never asked what time it was, when we were leaving, or what we were going to do next. He was, every second we were there, completely and absolutely in the 10 .
I wish I could be. Don't we all
1. A. burn B. feel C. waste D. produce
2. A. together B. here C. out D. backwards
3. A. direction B. wonder C. security D. purpose
4. A. joy B. hope C. difference D. relief
5. A. broke B. threw C. waved D. kicked
6. A. write down B. strike up C. reflect on D. look into
7 A. envy B. guilt C. judgment D. amazement
8. A. show B. improve C. explain D. connect
9 A. aware B. prepared C. present D. informed
10. A. way B. lead C. balance D. moment
第二节 ( 共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 共15分)
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空、请在答题纸指定区域作答..
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The largest desert in China, the Taklamakan Desert, is now completcly encircled by a green belt 11 (stretch) 3、046 km . This is part of China's Threc-North Shelter Belt Foregt Program to address desertification and restore ecological balance. Since the launch of the program 12 1978. China 13 (expand) its AfTorestation area by 32 million hectares(公顷). The project fully demonstrates China's 14 (innovate) approach to ecological construction and offers valuable experience for global efforts in fighting desertification.
B
Today's parents face something different and more demanding. They are expected to spend ever more time and money educating and cnriching their children. These pressures, researchers say, 15 (drive) in part by fears that if parents do not equip their children with every possible advantage, their children could fail to achieve a sccurc life. This parenting style involves painstakingly and methodically cultivating children's talents, academics and futures through everyday 16 (activity). But we may have got into a situation, some experts suggest, 17 intensive parenting has become too intense for parents.
C
We all have been in this situation: At a meeting, everyone else agrees on a solution, and you are the only one still opposing it, or at least doubting 18 it will work. Employees often face this dilemma, referred to as“conformity bias(从众偏差)”—— individuals feel 19 (stress) to go along with the decision of the majority, even if it seems wrong. 20 (avoid) this bias, leaders should ensure that everyone at the table has a voice and that all options are considered in order to work toward a better solution.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节(共14 小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Take part in our award-winning summer STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) teen academic programs. All courses are conducted online.
Current course offerings include:
Biotech Research: Complete an award-winning, competitive admissions program this year.You’ ll thank yourself when you have one more prestigious credential to add to your college applications. We provide students with state-of-the-art lab equipment and materials to use at home—all shipped to your doorstep. The time is NOW to apply.
Biomedical & Surgical Research: The Biomedical and Surgical Research program brings anatomy (解剖) to life through discussion and practice of surgical procedures. From case studies and lectures to mock surgical procedures, students spend three weeks learning what it takes to be a surgeon.
Polymer Chemistry: Materials Science is a new exciting field that includes polymer chemistry and plastics engineering of materials to synthesize (合成) and to create custom or brand new materials with specific products for specific uses. Receive materials right to your home to create your own polymers!
Intro to Robotics: Are you always tuking things apart, sceing how they work and then putting them back together again Are you curious how robots and other machines work From voice activated, digital personal assistants like Alexa and Sirl to our everyday kitchen appliances, the world of robotics is advancing and robots are becoming an integral part of our everyday life. The future is now and the field of robotics is booming!
Forensics(法医学): Do mysterics excite you Do you dive into crime scene shows such asCriminal Minds and Law & Order Do you want to go behind the scenes to learn what happens during a crime investigation or trial This remote program is designed for students all over the world interested in the scientific approach to crime scenes. This program will introduce the principles of forensic science and will provide the opportunity to explore lab techniques, fingerprint methods and more through the VR techniques!
Click here to see session dates and costs.
21. Which courses offer to ship materials
A. Polymer Chemistry and Forensics.
B. Intro to Robotics and Biotech Research.
C. Biotech Research and Polymer Chemistry.
D. Forensis and Biomedical & Surgical Research.
22. Students who choose Forensis can .
A. watch TV series with VR equipment B. study criminal minds on the scene
C. draft the principles of forensic science D. experience crime investigation virtually
23. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To promote summer academic programs. B. To compare different online programs.
C. To introduce the content of the programs. D. To explain the benefits of the programs.
B
On a brisk October morning, with 20 pounds of gear on my back, I hiked up a steep, rocky trail.With each step, I felt my throat tighter and my lungs heave.
This was an experiment. Growing up, my family's annual“hikes” often left me weeping with exhaustion after only 2 miles. Decades later, I wondered, at the ripe age of 26, could I learn to love the outdoors I decided to start in the deep end with this hiking.
Prepared with weeks of exercise,I joined my group at the trailhead near the city border. An hour after setting off, I fell behind, not sure if I could make it. Frank, my hiking companion, slowed down to accompany me.
“Look at the sky, the trees!” he exclaimed.
Wheezing, I stopped to crane my neck. Nature in all its magnificence chose to show off. The wind whistled, rustling the yellow canopy overhead. Continuing on, I made a point to stop and look around every few minutes.
Three hours later, we reached our campsite,a vast grassy area. Frank guided me through putting up my tent, a small victory after a challenging morning. We then sought our only water source,Sunfish Pond. Much to my annoyance, I repeatedly lost my footing and returned to camp after countless falls.
At camp, I built a fire using only flint(火石) sticks. My cheap sleeping pad kept losing air, and my sleeping bag did little to keep the cold air out. Around 2 a. m. I tcared up in frustration and lay sleepless. However, emerging from my tent into the misty morning,I felt my mood lifted. Autumn seemed to have kicked in overnight and the leaves glowed. I ate a breakfast of instant noodles and then joined the others, sharing intimate thoughts I usually kept hidden.
Back at the trailhead where we started, my friend asked what we were grateful for. I piped up about the vulncrable and funny conversations I'd enjoyed with fellow hikers— and the space to reflect. The forest and its temporary dwellers had convinced me I was capable of much more than Ithought possible.
Did the experiment work Memories of that sleepless, freezing night might give me pause before I crawl into a tent again. But that doesn't mean I'm away from the woods completely. Ireturned to New York smelly and sore, but when I stepped off the bus into the city's hustle and bustle,I also felt an unexpected calm.
24. Why did the author decide to go on a hiking trip
A. To improve his physical health. B. To escape from the fast-paced city life.
C. To explore his potential for the outdoors. D. To revisit a childhood passion for hiking.
25. Which best describes the author's emotional journey
①amazed ②doubtful ③annoyed ④peaceful ⑤uplifted
A. ③②⑤①④ B. ②①③⑤④· C. ②③①④⑤ D. ③④②①⑤
26. What has the author learned from the experience
A. Success lies in self-acceptance. B. Wilderness heals a broken heart.
C. Small setbacks lead to great achievements.D. Nature gives more than expected.
C
As global temperatures continue to rise due to human-induced climate change, precise computerized climate models will be crucial in shedding light on how our climate will evolve in the coming years.
A study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres by Chloe Clark and her team from UC Irvine highlights a significant issue with a commonly used climate model known as the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The research reveals that this model currently overestimates a key physical property of Earth's climate system called albedo, which is the degree to which ice reflects planet-warming sunlight into space.
Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface, expressed as the fraction of incoming solar radiation that is reflected by that surface back into space. It is a critical factor in determining Earth's climate and energy balance. Surfaces with high albedo, such as snow and ice, reflect a large portion of solar energy, whereas darker surfaces like forests or oceans absorb more solar energy.
“We found that with old model versions, the ice is too reflective by about five percent,” saidChloe Clarke, “Ice reflectivity was much too high.”
The amount of sunlight the planet receives and reflects is important for estimating how much the planet will warm in the coming years. Previous versions of E3SM overestimated albedo because they failed to account for microphysical properties of ice in a warming world. These properties include the effects things like algae (藻类) and dust have on albedo. Dark-colored algae and dust can make snow and ice less reflective and less able to reflect sunlight.
To do the analysis, Clurko and her team studied satellite duta to track the albedo of theGreenland Ice Sheet. They found E3SM overestimates the reflectivity of the ice shect, meaning the model estimates less melt than what would be expected from the ice microphysical properties. But with the new ice reflectivity incorporated into the model, they discovered the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at a rate of about six gigatons more than in older model versions. This is based on albedo measurements that are more consistent with satellite observations.
Clarke hopes her team's study stresses the importance of the seemingly minuscule properties that can have far-reaching consequences for the overall climate. “I think our work is going to help models do a much better job of helping us capture snow and ice-related climate feedbacks,” she said.
Next, Clarke wants to study different icy parts of the planet to calculate how widespread the albedo discrepancy (差异) is in E3SM. “Our next steps are to get it so the model is functional globally and not just valid over Greenland,” said Clarke, who also intends to compare the newGreenland Ice Sheet melt rates to observations to measure how much more accurate the new ice albedo is. “It would be useful to apply it to glaciers in places like the Andes and Alaska.”
27. According to the passage, albcdo .
A. changes with the lightness of surfaces
B. matches up with the shape of the ice or snow
C. is a measure of the solar energy arriving at the surface
D. varies with the direction of the incoming solar radiation
28. What can be learned from the passage
A. The new model is more reliable than satellite observations.
B. The previous model versions overestimate Greenland melt.
C. Model adaptation improves the accuracy of climate predictions.
D. Scientists have used the model globally to reduce the discrepancy.
29. What does the underlined word“minuscule” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A. Tiny. B. Invisible. C. Plain. D. Stable.
30. The last paragraph is written to .
A. note the limitations of the finding B. point out further research directions
C. illustrate the benefits of a new approach D. sum up the changes made in E3SM
D
Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines,and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.
This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind.Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization(优化), not decentralized resilience.
There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system——but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected.
Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic,immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.
Centurics ago, the philosopher David 11umo wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. Thls is especially truc in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems—— systems we don't always fully understand—— that can be brought down by a single screw-up
Modern socictics have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilicnce. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning.Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results.
Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought,it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we' re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn't require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex,interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion(缓冲).
If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable(脆弱的). For the broader set of r sks lacIng global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing—— so that one error doesn't bring down entire systems.The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warning that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too.
31. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to .
A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity
B. introduce an information technology collapse
C. explain why people are in a connected system
D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system
32. What can be inferred about a more globalized system
A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network.
B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity.
C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale.
D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants.
33. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with
Y A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be.
B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility.
C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns.
D. History can help people predict future patterns.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection
B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike
C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster
D. Resilience vs. Optimization:A Debate for Better Systems
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine you' ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you' re getting nowhere. You' re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. 35 .
Many people have heard of"mindfulness". It is often associated with doing a mediation(冥想)practice, but its essence
is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. 36 Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and
unhclpful secondary emotions.
Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instcad of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the expcricnce of the emotion and acccpt it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. 37 With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likcly to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions.
38 But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves,including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. 39 For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support.
A. Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes.
B. You can't be productive even when you have more inner space.
C. Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done.
D. Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion.
E. Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don't want to feel.
F. It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing.
G. You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。
The Cambridge Dictionary defines curiosity as“an eager wish to know or learn about something”which comes in various types. Ian Leslie, in his book Curious, outlines three types:“adventurous curiosity”, the desire to explore new places and people;“intellectual curiosity”, the deep dive you take when finding out about a particular topic; and“empathetic curiosity”, the wanting to find out more about the people around us. As children, we bubble over with curiosity. However, as we grow up, it can fade. Worse, we can come to believe that it's a bad thing. After all, didn't it kill the cat
Neuroscience suggests one explanation for this decline. Brains in early childhood possess great plasticity and lay down lots of neural pathways based on the information we gather from all that curious exploring and experimenting. However, as we grow older, our brains lose some of that flexibility. And we rely on those earlier pathways to deal with the things we' ve seen and done before.It's a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life.
Whatever underlies our shrinking curiosity, research repeatedly shows that we'd be better off continuing to cultivate it. Curiosity is linked to lower levels of anxiety, a greater satisfaction in life, achieving academically, building cmpathy and improved relationships. It also protects brain health through staying mentally active by trying something new. These positive effects of curiosity are deeply intertwined with our brain's chemical responses. Research shows that brain's dopamine system is activated when something novel happens. Rather than produce pleasure, dopamine actually stimulates our longing to continue the activity, in this case the desire to find out more. It's easy to see how this brain chemistry has helped us.
Curiosity has motivated our ancestors to question, experiment and learn, leading us out of theStone Age to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age and, finally, to the Information Age. It has sparked our greatest achievements and discoveries and continues in our personal lives to bring greater contentment. So, perhaps the cat was simply unlucky, because for us humans, curiosity continues to be essential, both to our survival and our ability to flourish.
40. What are the three types of curiosity according to Ian Leslie
41. Why do we rely on earlier pathways to deal with the things we' ve seen and done before
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy.
43. How do you develop your curiosity (In about 40 words)
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校上周举办了主题为“让传统文化潮起来”的创意文化节。你的英国好友 Jim看到了你分享的活动照片，对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.活动内容；
2.你的感想。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
高三英语参考答案
2025.01
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D
第二节 (共 10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
11. stretching 12. in 13. has expanded 14. innovative 15. are driven/ have been driven
16. activities 17. where 18. whether/ if 19. stressed 20. To avoid
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D
27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
35. A 36. E 37. D 38. F 39. G
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
40. Adventurous curiosity, intellectual curiosity, and empathetic curiosity.
41. Because our brains lose some of the flexibility. / Because it's a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life.
42. When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy.
When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to stimulate our longing to continue the activity / our desire to find out more.
43.
Possible Version 1:
I cultivate my curiosity by actively engaging in various activities that can broaden my perspectives and enrich my experiences. For example, joining the robotics club introduces me to cutting-edge technologies, which may ignite my passion to explore more and prepare me for the future innovation.
Possible Version 2:
I always seek new experiences, whether by traveling to unfamiliar places or exploring new topics through reading. These activities allow me to see the world from fresh perspectives,guiding me to inquire further. Thus, I may become more motivated to explore and gain deeper insights.
第二节 (20分)
Possible Version:
Dear Jim,
I'm glad that you' re interested in the photos from our recent creative cultural festival! Here's
1 more about it.
With the theme“Make Traditional Culture Trendy”, the event has injected vigor into traditionalChinese culture with modern elements. In the art center, popular music was played on traditional musical instruments by talented students, creating a unique feast for the ears. At the DIY station,students designed reusable bags and T-shirts featuring elements of Chinese painting and calligraphy. What impressed me the most was the VR section, where students could immerse themselves in traditional customs like the firework show.
This event was both fun and educational. It has deepened my appreciation for our rich cultural heritage and demonstrated how innovation could breathe new life into tradition.
I hope you find the festival inspiring, too.
Yours,
Li Hua
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