【备战2023高考英语】全国甲卷真题变式：05 阅读·七选五
一、真题
（2022·全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 1． Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family-no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bite, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 2．
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to cat with a utensil in each hand. 3． instead preferring to use their hands. In chide, you may never touch any fool with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their jerks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
4． . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 5． , the more con for table you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practice.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
二、变式题
（2022高三上·涟水月考）任务型阅读
How is eating in space different from eating on Earth
If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). 6． Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
7． If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you've ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn't feel well, you'll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission (task) want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won't spill(洒落/溢出) into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 8． A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
9． The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 10． Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.
A. Taste is also important.
B. Finally, weight is an important concern.
C. Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
D. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
E. Nutrition and practicality (实用) are important things to consider.
F. Keeping astronauts' physical health is a top task for any space mission.
G. For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.
（2022·浙江模拟）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A Simple Guide to a Healthy Diet
Here are the healthy foods you should eat more and the unhealthy ones you should eat less.
Eat more nuts and seeds. They have an incredibly powerful mixture of healthy at fiber and other important nutrients(营养). 11． . For example they have a wide range of beneficial effects on your livers and on your brain functions as you age. Regularly eating a proper amount of nuts and seeds can also help you stop weight gain.
Eat more fruits and vegetables. It should come as no surprise. And they don't have to be fresh to be healthy. 12． . If you can get canned fruits or vegetables that don't have a lot of salt or sugar, that's fine, too.
13． . There's about 400% more salt in processed meat than in unprocessed one. The most obvious problem with too much salt is that it raises your blood pressure which can lead to heart attacks. But if you really love it, you can wash it off with tap water to get rid of the extra salt before it is cooked.
Stay away from sugary drinks 14． . In particular, such sweet drinks are linked to a much higher risk of obesity(肥胖症)and heart attacks.
In short, healthy eating can be easy if you follow this simple rule: 15． .
A. Shy away from salty bacon and sandwich B. Reduce the consumption of processed meat C. If they don't have a lot of sugar, it would be fine D. Such nutrients are very important for your health E. If you can get frozen fruits or vegetables, that's great F. Stick to eating fresh and green while avoiding too much salt and sugar G. Liquid sugar from soda and energy drinks is the worst way to consume sugar
16．（2021高三下·重庆开学考）任务型阅读
How to Build a Better
Breakfast
We've
all heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and that may
actually be true. A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose
weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal. But it's not just when you eat; it's what you
eat. These tips will help you really rise and shine:
⒈
Eat even if you're not hungry.
Although
you might not feel like eating first thing in the morning, it's a good idea to
get something into your system. Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will
jump-start your metabolism (新陈代谢) and
keep you from getting hungry later.
⒉
Be boring.
Changing
what you eat is a good idea in theory, but if you are watching your weight, you
might want to stick with the same old menu. People who allowed their breakfast
calories to change have larger waists (腰围) and
a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征) than
folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they
eat the rest of the day.
⒊
Add peanuts or peanut butter.
By
eating peanuts or peanut butter, the carbohydrates(碳水化合物) are taken in more slowly and blood sugar does not rise as high. So they are less likely to snack later.
⒋
There's
an old saying that advises ''Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and
dinner like a pauper." It's worth following. Those who eat a balanced
700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lower their blood sugar and blood
pressure twice more than people who eat a 200-calorie meal. They also lose an
average of 19. 2 pounds and have lower levels of ghrelin, the "hunger
hormone (激素).
A. Go big.
B. Pile on the produce.
C. Other studies link
skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, heart
disease, and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病).
D. So it's worth making the
effort to hold it steady.
E. It could set you up for
overeating throughout the day.
F. Just a banana will do the
trick.
G. Plus women feel fuller for
up to 12 hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts.
17．（2019·宁德模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Politeness is the practical
application of good manners, the goal of which is to make all of the parties
relaxed and comfortable. It's a flexible management of words and actions, by
which we make other people have a better opinion of us and themselves. It seeks
to build a positive relationship. .
However, in the rush of daily life being polite is social behavior that
we find rare nowadays. . They
don't even take the time to look around. This has led to the loss of simple
social rules some might take for granted and that are particularly powerful.
, people become less and less attentive
to others' feelings, for human interaction (互动) is almost lost. Take for
instance the rudeness we tolerate when a person is looking at his phone when
talking to us.
Being polite is not just a
simple social elegance. .
These days "Please" and "Thank You" are forgotten. And not
many people are aware that these two simple words can easily open or close any
door to us. Unfortunately, they often forget to say these words.
Hope is not lost. There are
many ways we can improve our behavior to achieve skills in politeness. There
are simple things we can do to be considered as a polite and well - mannered
person. , they will respect you
back. Just make a change in our behavior to start. Use simple words like
"Excuse me", "Please", and "Thank you" every day.
Be kind to receive kindness. Care and politeness will get you far in all
aspects of life.
A. As technology progresses
B. People have become more self - absorbed
C. As long as you show your politeness for people
D. Since for many people being polite remains a challenge
E. Many languages have specific means to show politeness
F. It aims to respect a person's need to be liked and understood
G. It's also about being kind, caring and respectful to another person
（2021高三上·云南月考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children learn by
example. It has been said that the values and ideas we want to teach the
children should be done in the early years. If this teaching-learning period is
handled responsibly by parents and guardians, a lot can be achieved. 18． Simple politeness should be shown
right from the beginning. Parents must talk politely to their children and
expect the same from them. All rude responses must be firmly rejected.
19． This
can be done by giving them simple duties as early as possible. Duties can be as
simple as putting toys away when the children are done playing with them. They
can be taught to put away their clothes or shoes in the respective places on a
daily basis. Children are quick to learn. 20．
Children should be taught to sit down and play
quietly or read a book if they can. In creating this habit, parents play a
vital role as they also have to sit down and occupy themselves. 21． They want things to be exciting and
fast-moving. If parents themselves do not read or spend time quietly, it is
hard to expect the children to do so.
Of course, we must
also realize that some children will be different. 22． They will want to test the limits set and want
to be individualistic. Parents may have to allow some space so that creativity
and inventiveness can be developed. While some amount of discipline is good, it
must not be allowed to destroy their imaginative nature.
A.
It is not an easy task but it can be done.
B.
Good habits can be taught in the early years.
C.
Children must be taught to be part of the family.
D.
In this fast world, everyone expects to be entertained.
E.
Good habits formed during this time will stay for a lifetime.
F.
They will not always follow what parents instruct them to do.
G.
Children are not expected to do things for themselves in some homes.
（2021高三上·白山月考）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If
you need to interview someone for an article but you have never interviewed
before, it can be frightening. Here are some tips for preparing for and
conducting a successful interview.
23． If the person is a known author or speaker,
take the time to read or listened to his/her work, or at least get familiar
with his/her most recent or most important work. If the interview will cover
events, review whatever is known publicly about those events..
Being
a recording device(录音设备). You
can use your phone or an audio recorder. In this way you needn't struggle to
write things down. 24． And this will make it easier to include direct
quotes when you start writing.
Remember
to make it a conversation rather than a list of questions. Prepared questions
are just a guideline. 25． .
You can also try to ask your interviewee about his/her personal thoughts and
reactions to events and people they deal with.
Appropriate feedback(反馈) is also important. Feel free to say words that show you are
listening, like "yeah" and "Mmmm". 26． You
can also give more facial feedback like smiling.
27． If the interviewee changes suddenly from one
line of thought to another, lead them back to the area you are focusing on.
Guide the interview but don't keep interrupting with many questions.
A. Politely ask if you
can interview them.
B. Do your homework before
you pick up the phone.
C. Then you can focus all
your attention on the interview.
D. Consider how all the
questions can be asked in a short time.
E. Nodding your head can
be an encouragement to the interviewee.
F. In order to get the
information you need, you should guide the interview.
G. You can try to ask questions
based on what they have said to you in previous responses.
28．（2021高三上·宁波月考）根据短文内容．从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine you receive an e-mail like this: ARE
YOU GOING TO CLASS TODAY This e-mail “sounds” like the writer is yelling
because using all capital letters in an e-mail is usually the way that people
shout online. Virginia Shea's book, Netiquette, lists a basic set of dos
and don'ts for communicating appropriately with
others in cyberspace. Following are someof her suggestions.
First, always remember that you are sending
messages to a real person, not just to a computer. Don't type anything you wouldn't say to someone's face. Also, remember that the person who
receives your message cannot hear the tone of your voice, or see the expression
on your face.
Don't take anything without paying for it, unless
it's free. Don't use information that someone else has
written, and say it's yours. Do share your knowledge of the
Internet with others. It's a big place with lots of information, and
there are many new things to discover.
Remember that people judge you by your words
as well as your actions, so do try to write well. Good writing skills, as well
as correct grammar and spelling, do matter. If you are uncertain about how to spell a word
or which phrase to use, look it up. There are lots of helpful books and
websites.
It's
okay to express your opinions online in forums like chat rooms or message
boards, but don't start arguments with people. “Flame wars”
in online discussions can be interesting to read, but are often unfair to other
members of the group.
A.
So make sure your meaning is clear.
B.
Send polite, well—written messages to others.
C.
Don't do anything online that you wouldn't do in real life.
D.
Remember, you're not the only one traveling on this high
way!
E.
Knowing when to use capital letters is one example of online etiquette.
F.
Express your ideas, but remember that fighting on or offline is not
appropriate.
G.
When you're online, just as in “real” life, try to
respect other people's space, privacy, and feelings.
（2022高三上·济南开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important festivals in Chinese calendar. The festival typically involves family getting together to share mooncakes while watching the moon. Typical Chinese mooncakes are round in shape, and measure around 10 cm in diameter and 4-5 cm in thickness. Most mooncakes consist of a thin tender skin enveloping a sweet, dense filling.
29． . It is a custom for housewives to prepare mooncakes at home when the festival is approaching. Now let's learn to make traditional Chinese mooncakes.
Above all, full preparations should be made, including materials such as dough (生面团), flour, water, sugar and vegetable oil, and fillings—lotus seed paste (莲子蓉) and eggs.
Mix together all the materials to get a dough. 30．
Next, separate the egg yolks from the whites and salt the steamed yolks. While the oven is preheating to 180 degrees Celsius, roll the lotus paste and the dough into small balls. 31． .
Then, shape up with each consisting of a dough wrapper, one ball of lotus paste, and one half of a salted egg yolk. Make a hole in a ball of lotus and put the yolk inside. Similarly, cover the lotus ball (with the yolk inside) with a wrapper. 32． . Then shape it with the mold (模具).
33． . Take them out after 5 minutes and brush them with the egg wash. Put the mooncakes back until they become golden brown.
Remember to wait to eat the mooncakes for two days when they will be soft and also look shiny.
A. A mooncake ball is made.
B. Prepare the salted egg yolks.
C. Finally, put all mooncakes into the oven.
D. Flatten each piece of dough into a thin wrapper.
E. There're many stories about mooncakes and Chang'e.
F. Mooncakes are the must-eat food for the Mid-Autumn Festival.
G. Covered with plastic wrap, it should be set aside for at least 3 hours.
34．（2016·南昌模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Lost Rules of Etiquette
Etiquette, or good manners, used to be the glue that held society together. Sadly, these days it has mostly gone by the wayside. This list is several best rules of etiquette that have now disappeared.
Opening the Door
In days gone by, a gentleman would always open doors for ladies. This has now almost entirely disappeared and it is pot entirely the fault of the men. I have seen women laugh at men for opening a door for them. They seem tobe confusing manners with chauvinism(大男子主义)．
Writing Thank-You Notes
In days gone by, whenever a personreceived a gift, they would write a thank-you note as soon as possible. Parents would sit children down after a birthday or Christmas and coach them in theirfirst thank-you note. It is a shame that gift giving has now become a virtualobligation and the idea of a thank-you note would be laughed at.
We seem to have completely lost theconcept of correct timing when it comes to parties these days.
After all, aparty normally has a guest of honor-this is usually the oldest woman present.It was considered extremely rude in the past to leave a party before the guestof honor-and once the guest of honor left, it was a signal to all that theyshould begin their own preparations to leave.
A. Arriving on Time.
B. Leaving at the Right Time.
C. People leave with various excuses.
D. It enabled people to get on well with each other.
E. This rule was true even if the giverwas a relative.
F. It could be the lady they weredriving, or a stranger.
G. We've thrown away the concept of aguest of honor at will.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D；2．F；3．C；4．G；5．B
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
1．根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out”外出就餐时要知道的重要事情，可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。D. “Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant “不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误”符合语境，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.”知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。故选D。
2．根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”使用筷子的规则；以及空前“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ”当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了。可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them “不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合语境，故选F。
3．根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”手和餐具；空前“In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.”在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭；以及空后“instead preferring to use their hands”相反更愿意使用他们的双手。可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
4．根据本段小标题“Making Requests”提请求；以及空后“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.”在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪。可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。G. It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal “吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单”说明在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的，符合此处语境，故选G。
5．根据空后“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices”你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B. The more time you spend in any given country “你在某个国家待的时间越长”符合语境，引出下文。故选B。
【答案】6．F；7．A；8．G；9．B；10．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍决定宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的几个因素。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6．空前“First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养).”是本段的主旨句，说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素；以及空后“Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.”提供垃圾食品吃，如薯片、苏打水和披萨，会使宇航员不健康。说明了垃圾食品会使得宇航员不健康。 F. Keeping astronauts' physical health is a top task for any space mission. “保持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务”与本文主旨一致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的healthy与后文的unhealthy相对应，符合语境。故选F。
7．根据空后“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. ”如果提供的食物很难吃，宇航员可能会避免食用)说明了食物味道的重要性， A. Taste is also important. “味道也很重要”中的taste与后文的distasteful相对应，符合语境，故选A。
8．根据空前“The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space.”宇宙飞船缺乏重力(拉力)也决定了在太空中什么食物可以吃，什么食物不能吃)说明了重力也是宇航员饮食中需要考虑的因素之一；以及空后“A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.”说明了刀在太空舱到处弹跳是危险的，G. For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.“同样的原因，锋利的刀和人在船上从不使用”其中的knife与后文的knife相对应，the same reason就是指开头的The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) ，符合语境，故选G。
9．根据空后“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. ”必须计算航天器中每个物体的重量，以确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全送入太空并返回地球。说明了重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素。B. Finally, weight is an important concern.“最后，重量是一个重要的问题”与后文的weight相对应，且finally与前文也形成了并列关系，符合语境，故选B。
10．根据空后“Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.”大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且这些食物经常是脱水的。当宇航员准备吃东西时，就会把热水加到饭里并把它加热)说明了宇航员食物的包装方式。 D. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible. “食品包装要尽可能的轻”其中的packing与 后文的stored相对应，light与本段的论点weight相对应，符合语境，故选D。
【答案】11．D；12．E；13．B；14．G；15．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了健康饮食应该注意的几个方面。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
11．根据空前“They have an incredibly powerful mixture of healthy fats, fiber and other important nutrients (营养). ”它们含有令人难以置信的健康脂肪、纤维和其他重要营养成分；以及空后“For example, they have a wide range of beneficial effects on your livers and on your brain functions as you age.”例如，随着年龄的增长，它们对你的肝脏和大脑功能有广泛的有益影响。可知，上下文都提到了坚果中的脂肪、植物纤维等营养元素及其益处，空处承上启下，说明这些营养物质对健康的重要性。D. Such nutrients are very important for your health.“这些营养物质对你的健康很重要。”符合语境。故选D。
12．根据空前“And they don’t have to be fresh to be healthy.”而且它们不一定要新鲜才健康；以及空后“If you can get canned fruits or vegetables that don't have a lot of salt or sugar, that's fine, too.”如果你能买到不含太多盐或糖的罐装水果或蔬菜，那也没关系。可知，空处承上启下，说明冷冻的水果和蔬菜也是可以的，E项中的“frozen fruits or vegetables ”和上文的“don’t have to be fresh”对应。E. If you can get frozen fruits or vegetables, that's great.“如果你能买到冷冻水果或蔬菜，那就太好了。”符合语境。故选E。
13．根据空后“There's about 400% more salt in processed meat than in unprocessed one. ”加工过的肉比未加工过的肉含盐量多400%。可知，本段主要是讲加工过的肉类中盐含量过高的问题。B. Reduce the consumption of processed meat.“减少加工肉类的食用。”符合语境。故选B。
14．根据空前“Stay away from sugary drinks.”远离含糖饮料。可知，本段主要讲述的是要注意含糖饮料的问题，G项中的“Liquid sugar from soda and energy drinks”和上文的“sugary drinks”对应。G. Liquid sugar from soda and energy drinks is the worst way to consume sugar.“苏打水和功能饮料中的液态糖是摄入糖分的最糟糕方式。”符合语境。故选G。
15．根据空前“In short, healthy eating can be easy if you follow this simple rule”简而言之，如果你遵循这条简单的规则，健康饮食其实很容易。可知，此处位于文章的末尾，是对全文进行总结，建议我们要坚持吃新鲜的，尽量避免摄入过多的糖和盐。F. Stick to eating fresh and green while avoiding too much salt and sugar.“坚持吃新鲜和绿色食品，避免摄入过多的盐和糖。”符合语境。故选F。
16．【答案】C；F；D；G；A
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何吃一顿更好的早餐的几点建议。
（1）根据空前的“A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal. ”一项研究发现，吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更容易减肥，此处承接上文，讲的是不吃早餐的其他危害，C. Other studies link skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病).“其他研究表明，不吃早餐会增加患高血压、心脏病和2型糖尿病的风险”，符合语境，故选C。
（2）根据空前的“Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump-start your metabolism（新陈代谢）and keep you from getting hungry later. ”起床后90分钟内吃东西会加速你的新陈代谢，让你不会感到饿，此处补充说明，说的是关于吃的东西，F. Just a banana will do the trick.“一根香蕉就可以了”符合语境，故选F。
（3）根据空前的“People who allowed their breakfast calories to change have larger waists（腰围）and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome（代谢综合征）than folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they eat the rest of the day. ”与那些保持早晨卡路里摄入量不变的人相比，那些不改变早餐卡路里摄入量的人腰围更大，患代谢综合征的几率也更高，不管他们接下来一天吃了多少，此处总结上文，D. So it's worth making the effort to hold it steady.“所以努力保持稳定是值得的”，符合语境，故选D。
（4）根据空后的“So they are less likely to snack later. ”可知，所以她们以后不太可能吃零食，此处解释原因，G. Plus women feel fuller for up to 12 hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts.“此外，女性在食用花生酱或花生后，会感到长达12小时的饱腹感”符合语境，故选G。
（5）根据空后“There's an old saying that advises ''Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper. "”可知，早餐要像国王一样吃，午餐要像王子一样吃，晚餐要像乞丐一样吃”，再结合后面的对比可知，本段讲的是早餐要吃就吃好，A. Go big.“做大点”符合语境，故选A。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
17．【答案】F；B；A；G；C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，礼貌是良好礼仪的表现,但是随着生活节奏的加快人们对礼貌似乎有所忘却,也能够容忍不礼貌的行为。礼貌用语虽小,但能够在很多方面影响我们的生活。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“It seeks to build a positive relationship. ”礼仪试图建立积极的人际关系。F. It aims to respect a person's need to be liked and understood“礼仪的目的是尊重一个人被爱和被理解的需要”与上句承接自然,且两句在句式结构上相同。故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They don't even take the time to look around. ”人们甚至不愿意花时间观察周围事物。B. People have become more self - absorbed“人们变得更加以自我为中心,更加自恋”与下句联系紧密,不愿花时间看周围是人们以自我为中心的一种表现形式。故选B。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“people become less and less attentive to others' feelings, for human interaction (互动) is almost lost. ”人们变得越来越不关心礼仪。A. As technology progresses“随着科技的进步”在语境上和下句联系紧密。且越来越不关心和随着科学发展都表现出动作的渐变,在逻辑上也能很好的衔接。故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Being polite is not just a simple social elegance.”礼貌不仅仅是一个简单的社会礼仪。G. It's also about being kind, caring and respectful to another person“它也关乎对他人善良,关爱和尊重”的意思和上句是递进关系,尤其通过上句的not just 和本句的 also可以看出两句联系紧密。故选G。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“they will respect you back.”他们也会尊重你。C. As long as you show your politeness for people“只要你尊重他人”和下句构成条件状语从句,且句该考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。主从句的意义符合逻辑关系和文意。故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
【答案】18．B；19．C；20．E；21．D；22．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论家长如何给孩子做好榜样，让孩子从小养成良好习惯。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
18．根据空前“It has been said that the values and ideas we want to teach the children should be done in the early years. ”有人说，我们想教孩子的价值观和观念应该在早年就完成；以及空后“Simple politeness should be shown right from the beginning. ”从一开始就应该表现出简单的礼貌。可知，空处呈上启下，说明好习惯应该从小养成。B项中的“in the early years.”与上文对应。B. Good habits can be taught in the early years.“好习惯可以从小养成。”符合语境。故选B。
19．根据困惑“This can be done by giving them simple duties as early as possible. ”这可以通过尽早给他们一些简单的任务来实现。可知，本段主要讲述孩子从小要被教育是家庭的一份子，要为家庭做一些简单的任务。C. Children must be taught to be part of the family.“孩子必须被教育成为家庭的一部分。”符合语境。故选C。
20．根据空前“Duties can be as simple as putting toys away when the children are done playing with them. They can be taught to put away their clothes or shoes in the respective places on a daily basis. Children are quick to learn.”职责可以简单到孩子们玩完玩具后把它们收好。可以教他们每天把衣服或鞋子放在各自的地方。孩子们学得很快。可知，空处最后总结孩子早期学习成为家庭一分子的好处。这一段时间养成的好习惯可以持续一生。E. Good habits formed during this time will stay for a lifetime.“在这段时间里养成的好习惯会伴随一生。”符合语境。故选E。
21．根据空后“They want things to be exciting and fast-moving. If parents themselves do not read or spend time quietly, it is hard to expect the children to do so.”他们希望事情是令人兴奋和快速发展的。如果父母自己不安静地读书或消磨时间，很难期望孩子这样做。可知，D项中的“In this fast world”与下文中的“fast-moving”对应，在这个快速发展的世界，每个人都希望拥有娱乐时间。D. In this fast world, everyone expects to be entertained.“在这个快速发展的世界里，每个人都希望得到娱乐。”符合语境。故选D。
22．根据空前“Of course, we must also realize that some children will be different. ”当然，我们也必须认识到，有些孩子是不一样的；以及空后“They will want to test the limits set and want to be individualistic. Parents may have to allow some space so that creativity and inventiveness can be developed. ”他们想要测试自己的极限，想要成为个人主义者。父母可能需要给孩子一些空间，让他们的创造力和发明创造得以发展。可知，有些孩子比较自我，不会听从父母的指示。F项中的“they”指代上文中的“some children”。F. They will not always follow what parents instruct them to do.“他们不会总是听从父母的指示。”符合语境。故选F。
【答案】23．B；24．C；25．G；26．E；27．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些准备和成功面试的小贴士。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
23．根据空后“If the person is a known author or speaker, take the time to read or listened to his/her work, or at least get familiar with his/her most recent or most important work.”如果这个人是知名作家或演说家，花点时间阅读或聆听他/她的作品，或至少熟悉他/她最近或最重要的作品。可推知，B. Do your homework before you pick up the phone.“拿起电话之前先做好功课。”符合语境，故选B。
24．根据空前“You can use your phone or an audio recorder. In this way you needn't struggle to write things down.”你可以用你的电话或录音机。这样你就不必费力地写东西了。承接上文，C. Then you can focus all your attention on the interview.“然后你可以把所有的注意力集中在面试上。”符合语境，故选C。
25．根据空后“ You can also try to ask your interviewee about his/her personal thoughts and reactions to events and people they deal with.”你也可以试着问问你的面试者他/她的个人想法和对事件和他们打交道的人的反应。G. You can try to ask questions based on what they have said to you in previous responses.“你可以试着根据他们之前的回答来提问。”承接下文，故选G。
26．根据空后“You can also give more facial feedback like smiling.”你也可以给予更多的面部反馈，比如微笑。E. Nodding your head can be an encouragement to the interviewee.“点头对面试者来说是一种鼓励。”承接下文，符合语境，故选E。
27．根据空后“If the interviewee changes suddenly from one line of thought to another, lead them back to the area you are focusing on. ”如果面试者突然从一个思路转变到另一个思路，会把他们带回到你所关注的领域。 承接上文，F. In order to get the information you need, you should guide the interview.“为了得到你需要的信息，你应该指导面试。”符合语境，故选F。
28．【答案】E；A；C；B；F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们在网上和别人交流时该做什么，不该做什么以及我们说话的方式很重要，就像在真实生活中一样要尊重别人。作者给我们提供了一些很好的建议。
A. So make sure your meaning is clear.
所以确保你的意思清楚。
B. Send polite, well—written messages to others.
向他人发送礼貌的、写得好的信息。
C. Don't do anything online that you wouldn't do in real life.
不要在网上做任何你在现实生活中不会做的事。
D. Remember, you're not the only one traveling on this high way!
记住，你不是唯一一个在这条高速公路上旅行的人！
E. Knowing when to use capital letters is one example of online etiquette.
知道什么时候使用大写字母是网络礼仪的一个例子。
F. Express your ideas, but remember that fighting on or offline is not appropriate.
表达你的想法，但要记住，在线上或线下战斗是不合适的。
G. When you're online, just as in “real” life, try to respect other people's space, privacy, and feelings.
当你上网时，就像在“真实”生活中一样，试着尊重别人的空间、隐私和感情。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“This e-mail ‘sounds’ like the writer is yelling because using all capital letters in an e-mail is usually the way that people shout online.”这封邮件听起来像是作者在大喊大叫，因为在电子邮件中使用所有大写字母，通常是人们在网上大喊大叫的方式；以及空后“Virginia Shea's book, Netiquette, lists a basic set of dos and don'ts for communicating appropriately with others in cyberspace.”Virginia Shea的书 Netiquette，列出了在网络空间与他人进行适当沟通时一组基本的要做和不要做的事情，可知E. Knowing when to use capital letters is one example of online etiquette.“知道何时使用大写字母是网络礼仪的一个例子。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选E。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Also, remember that the person who receives your message cannot hear the tone of your voice, or see the expression on your face. ”而且，记住收到你信息的人. 。听不到你的声音，也看不到你脸上的表情。可知A. So make sure your meaning is clear.“所以要确保你的意思很清楚。”承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Don't take anything without paying for it, unless it's free. Don't use information that someone else has written, and say it's yours. Do share your knowledge of the Internet with others.”不要不付钱就拿东西，除非是免费的。不要用别人写的信息，说是你的。一定要和其他人分享你的互联网知识。可知C. Don't do anything online that you wouldn't do in real life.“不要在网上做任何你在现实生活中不会做的事。”承接下文，符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Remember that people judge you by your words as well as your actions, so do try to write well. Good writing skills, as well as correct grammar and spelling, do matter. ”记住人们通过你的言行来评判你，因此所以一定要写得好。良好的写作技巧，以及正确的语法和拼写，确实很重要；以及空后“If you are uncertain about how to spell a word or which phrase to use, look it up. ”如果你不确定如何拼写一个单词或者使用哪个短语，查查看。可知B. Send polite, well—written messages to others.“给别人发送礼貌的，写得很好的信息。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选B。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“It's okay to express your opinions online in forums like chat rooms or message boards, but don't start arguments with people. ”在聊天室或留言板之类的论坛上表达你的观点是可以的，但是不要和别人吵架，可知F. Express your ideas, but remember that fighting on or offline is not appropriate.“表达你的想法，但要记住，在线上或线下打架是不合适的。”承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
【答案】29．F；30．G；31．D；32．A；33．C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何制作中国传统月饼。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
29．根据空前“Typical Chinese mooncakes…Most mooncakes …”可知，上文提到中秋节的月饼；以及空后“It is a custom for housewives to prepare mooncakes at home when the festival is approaching.”在节日临近的时候，家庭主妇在家准备月饼是一种习俗。 F. Mooncakes are the must-eat food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. “月饼是中秋必吃的食物”，符合语境，故选 F 。
30．根据空前“Mix together all the materials to get a dough.”把所有材料混合在一起做成面团。可知，本段主要如何制作和处理面团。G. Covered with plastic wrap, it should be set aside for at least 3 hours.“用保鲜膜覆盖，放置至少3小时”承接上文，符合语境，故选 G 。
31．根据空前“…roll the lotus paste and the dough into small balls”将莲蓉酱和面团揉成小球；以及空后“Then, shape up with each consisting of a dough wrapper, one ball of lotus paste, and one half of a salted egg yolk.”然后，用面团包装纸、一个荷花酱球和半个咸蛋黄做成形状。由下文的dough wrapper “面团皮”可知， D. Flatten each piece of dough into a thin wrapper. “把每个面团压扁，做成薄薄的面皮”，符合语境，故选 D 。
32．根据空前“Similarly, cover the lotus ball (with the yolk inside) with a wrapper.”同样地，用包装纸覆盖荷花球（蛋黄在里面）；以及空后“Then shape it with the mold (模具).”然后用模具成型。代词“it”可知，此处应该承接上文，接下来说“一个月饼球就做好了”，it指代“月饼球”。 A. A mooncake ball is made. “月饼球就做好了。”符合语境，故选 A 。
33．根据空后“Take them out after 5 minutes and brush them with the egg wash. Put the mooncakes back until they become golden brown.”5分钟后取出它们，用鸡蛋清洗液刷洗。把月饼放回原处，直到它们变成金黄色。可知，空格处应出现可数名词的复数形式。而下文又说“直到它们变成金黄色”，C. Finally, put all mooncakes into the oven.“最后，把所以月饼放进烤箱”，符合语境，故选 C 。
34．【答案】D；F；E；B；C
【知识点】说明文；七选五
【解析】【分析】本文讲的是消失的礼仪。
①D根据上一句：礼仪，或礼貌，过去像胶水一样将社会团结起来。可知此空表达的意思是：它使人们相处得很好。故选D。
②F根据空格上句：在过去，无论是什么场合，绅士都会为女士开门。再根据空格后一句：这种情况现在几乎已经看不到了。可知此空表达的意思是：这可能是他们在为一个女士开车，或是一个陌生人。故选F。
③E根据空格上一句：以前当人们收到礼物总会尽快写一封感谢信，以表达自己真诚的谢意。再根据后一句：孩子在收到生日或圣诞节礼物时，父母会教孩子写感谢信。可知此空要表达的意思是：这条法则是真实的，即使给予者是亲戚。故选E。
④B此空是小标题。根据下文的内容：我们似乎越来越缺少正确的时间观念和礼仪了，我们会因为各式各样的借口离开正在参加的聚会。可知此处的意思是：适时地离开。可知B项适合做标题。
⑤C根据空格前一句：目前当我们谈到聚会时，我们似乎越来越缺少正确的时间观念和礼仪了。再根据空格后一句：毕竟聚会应以最年长的妇人为贵宾。可知此空所要表达的意思是：人们因为各式各样的借口离开正在参加的聚会。故选C。
【备战2023高考英语】全国甲卷真题变式：05 阅读·七选五
一、真题
（2022·全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 1． Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family-no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bite, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 2．
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to cat with a utensil in each hand. 3． instead preferring to use their hands. In chide, you may never touch any fool with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their jerks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
4． . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 5． , the more con for table you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practice.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】1．D；2．F；3．C；4．G；5．B
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
1．根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out”外出就餐时要知道的重要事情，可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。D. “Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant “不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误”符合语境，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.”知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。故选D。
2．根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”使用筷子的规则；以及空前“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ”当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了。可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them “不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合语境，故选F。
3．根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”手和餐具；空前“In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.”在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭；以及空后“instead preferring to use their hands”相反更愿意使用他们的双手。可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
4．根据本段小标题“Making Requests”提请求；以及空后“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.”在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪。可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。G. It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal “吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单”说明在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的，符合此处语境，故选G。
5．根据空后“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices”你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B. The more time you spend in any given country “你在某个国家待的时间越长”符合语境，引出下文。故选B。
二、变式题
（2022高三上·涟水月考）任务型阅读
How is eating in space different from eating on Earth
If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). 6． Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
7． If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you've ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn't feel well, you'll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission (task) want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won't spill(洒落/溢出) into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 8． A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
9． The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 10． Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.
A. Taste is also important.
B. Finally, weight is an important concern.
C. Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
D. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
E. Nutrition and practicality (实用) are important things to consider.
F. Keeping astronauts' physical health is a top task for any space mission.
G. For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.
【答案】6．F；7．A；8．G；9．B；10．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍决定宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的几个因素。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6．空前“First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养).”是本段的主旨句，说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素；以及空后“Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.”提供垃圾食品吃，如薯片、苏打水和披萨，会使宇航员不健康。说明了垃圾食品会使得宇航员不健康。 F. Keeping astronauts' physical health is a top task for any space mission. “保持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务”与本文主旨一致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的healthy与后文的unhealthy相对应，符合语境。故选F。
7．根据空后“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. ”如果提供的食物很难吃，宇航员可能会避免食用)说明了食物味道的重要性， A. Taste is also important. “味道也很重要”中的taste与后文的distasteful相对应，符合语境，故选A。
8．根据空前“The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space.”宇宙飞船缺乏重力(拉力)也决定了在太空中什么食物可以吃，什么食物不能吃)说明了重力也是宇航员饮食中需要考虑的因素之一；以及空后“A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.”说明了刀在太空舱到处弹跳是危险的，G. For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.“同样的原因，锋利的刀和人在船上从不使用”其中的knife与后文的knife相对应，the same reason就是指开头的The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) ，符合语境，故选G。
9．根据空后“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. ”必须计算航天器中每个物体的重量，以确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全送入太空并返回地球。说明了重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素。B. Finally, weight is an important concern.“最后，重量是一个重要的问题”与后文的weight相对应，且finally与前文也形成了并列关系，符合语境，故选B。
10．根据空后“Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.”大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且这些食物经常是脱水的。当宇航员准备吃东西时，就会把热水加到饭里并把它加热)说明了宇航员食物的包装方式。 D. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible. “食品包装要尽可能的轻”其中的packing与 后文的stored相对应，light与本段的论点weight相对应，符合语境，故选D。
（2022·浙江模拟）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A Simple Guide to a Healthy Diet
Here are the healthy foods you should eat more and the unhealthy ones you should eat less.
Eat more nuts and seeds. They have an incredibly powerful mixture of healthy at fiber and other important nutrients(营养). 11． . For example they have a wide range of beneficial effects on your livers and on your brain functions as you age. Regularly eating a proper amount of nuts and seeds can also help you stop weight gain.
Eat more fruits and vegetables. It should come as no surprise. And they don't have to be fresh to be healthy. 12． . If you can get canned fruits or vegetables that don't have a lot of salt or sugar, that's fine, too.
13． . There's about 400% more salt in processed meat than in unprocessed one. The most obvious problem with too much salt is that it raises your blood pressure which can lead to heart attacks. But if you really love it, you can wash it off with tap water to get rid of the extra salt before it is cooked.
Stay away from sugary drinks 14． . In particular, such sweet drinks are linked to a much higher risk of obesity(肥胖症)and heart attacks.
In short, healthy eating can be easy if you follow this simple rule: 15． .
A. Shy away from salty bacon and sandwich B. Reduce the consumption of processed meat C. If they don't have a lot of sugar, it would be fine D. Such nutrients are very important for your health E. If you can get frozen fruits or vegetables, that's great F. Stick to eating fresh and green while avoiding too much salt and sugar G. Liquid sugar from soda and energy drinks is the worst way to consume sugar
【答案】11．D；12．E；13．B；14．G；15．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了健康饮食应该注意的几个方面。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
11．根据空前“They have an incredibly powerful mixture of healthy fats, fiber and other important nutrients (营养). ”它们含有令人难以置信的健康脂肪、纤维和其他重要营养成分；以及空后“For example, they have a wide range of beneficial effects on your livers and on your brain functions as you age.”例如，随着年龄的增长，它们对你的肝脏和大脑功能有广泛的有益影响。可知，上下文都提到了坚果中的脂肪、植物纤维等营养元素及其益处，空处承上启下，说明这些营养物质对健康的重要性。D. Such nutrients are very important for your health.“这些营养物质对你的健康很重要。”符合语境。故选D。
12．根据空前“And they don’t have to be fresh to be healthy.”而且它们不一定要新鲜才健康；以及空后“If you can get canned fruits or vegetables that don't have a lot of salt or sugar, that's fine, too.”如果你能买到不含太多盐或糖的罐装水果或蔬菜，那也没关系。可知，空处承上启下，说明冷冻的水果和蔬菜也是可以的，E项中的“frozen fruits or vegetables ”和上文的“don’t have to be fresh”对应。E. If you can get frozen fruits or vegetables, that's great.“如果你能买到冷冻水果或蔬菜，那就太好了。”符合语境。故选E。
13．根据空后“There's about 400% more salt in processed meat than in unprocessed one. ”加工过的肉比未加工过的肉含盐量多400%。可知，本段主要是讲加工过的肉类中盐含量过高的问题。B. Reduce the consumption of processed meat.“减少加工肉类的食用。”符合语境。故选B。
14．根据空前“Stay away from sugary drinks.”远离含糖饮料。可知，本段主要讲述的是要注意含糖饮料的问题，G项中的“Liquid sugar from soda and energy drinks”和上文的“sugary drinks”对应。G. Liquid sugar from soda and energy drinks is the worst way to consume sugar.“苏打水和功能饮料中的液态糖是摄入糖分的最糟糕方式。”符合语境。故选G。
15．根据空前“In short, healthy eating can be easy if you follow this simple rule”简而言之，如果你遵循这条简单的规则，健康饮食其实很容易。可知，此处位于文章的末尾，是对全文进行总结，建议我们要坚持吃新鲜的，尽量避免摄入过多的糖和盐。F. Stick to eating fresh and green while avoiding too much salt and sugar.“坚持吃新鲜和绿色食品，避免摄入过多的盐和糖。”符合语境。故选F。
16．（2021高三下·重庆开学考）任务型阅读
How to Build a Better
Breakfast
We've
all heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and that may
actually be true. A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose
weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal. But it's not just when you eat; it's what you
eat. These tips will help you really rise and shine:
⒈
Eat even if you're not hungry.
Although
you might not feel like eating first thing in the morning, it's a good idea to
get something into your system. Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will
jump-start your metabolism (新陈代谢) and
keep you from getting hungry later.
⒉
Be boring.
Changing
what you eat is a good idea in theory, but if you are watching your weight, you
might want to stick with the same old menu. People who allowed their breakfast
calories to change have larger waists (腰围) and
a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征) than
folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they
eat the rest of the day.
⒊
Add peanuts or peanut butter.
By
eating peanuts or peanut butter, the carbohydrates(碳水化合物) are taken in more slowly and blood sugar does not rise as high. So they are less likely to snack later.
⒋
There's
an old saying that advises ''Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and
dinner like a pauper." It's worth following. Those who eat a balanced
700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lower their blood sugar and blood
pressure twice more than people who eat a 200-calorie meal. They also lose an
average of 19. 2 pounds and have lower levels of ghrelin, the "hunger
hormone (激素).
A. Go big.
B. Pile on the produce.
C. Other studies link
skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, heart
disease, and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病).
D. So it's worth making the
effort to hold it steady.
E. It could set you up for
overeating throughout the day.
F. Just a banana will do the
trick.
G. Plus women feel fuller for
up to 12 hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts.
【答案】C；F；D；G；A
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何吃一顿更好的早餐的几点建议。
（1）根据空前的“A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal. ”一项研究发现，吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更容易减肥，此处承接上文，讲的是不吃早餐的其他危害，C. Other studies link skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病).“其他研究表明，不吃早餐会增加患高血压、心脏病和2型糖尿病的风险”，符合语境，故选C。
（2）根据空前的“Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump-start your metabolism（新陈代谢）and keep you from getting hungry later. ”起床后90分钟内吃东西会加速你的新陈代谢，让你不会感到饿，此处补充说明，说的是关于吃的东西，F. Just a banana will do the trick.“一根香蕉就可以了”符合语境，故选F。
（3）根据空前的“People who allowed their breakfast calories to change have larger waists（腰围）and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome（代谢综合征）than folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they eat the rest of the day. ”与那些保持早晨卡路里摄入量不变的人相比，那些不改变早餐卡路里摄入量的人腰围更大，患代谢综合征的几率也更高，不管他们接下来一天吃了多少，此处总结上文，D. So it's worth making the effort to hold it steady.“所以努力保持稳定是值得的”，符合语境，故选D。
（4）根据空后的“So they are less likely to snack later. ”可知，所以她们以后不太可能吃零食，此处解释原因，G. Plus women feel fuller for up to 12 hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts.“此外，女性在食用花生酱或花生后，会感到长达12小时的饱腹感”符合语境，故选G。
（5）根据空后“There's an old saying that advises ''Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper. "”可知，早餐要像国王一样吃，午餐要像王子一样吃，晚餐要像乞丐一样吃”，再结合后面的对比可知，本段讲的是早餐要吃就吃好，A. Go big.“做大点”符合语境，故选A。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
17．（2019·宁德模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Politeness is the practical
application of good manners, the goal of which is to make all of the parties
relaxed and comfortable. It's a flexible management of words and actions, by
which we make other people have a better opinion of us and themselves. It seeks
to build a positive relationship. .
However, in the rush of daily life being polite is social behavior that
we find rare nowadays. . They
don't even take the time to look around. This has led to the loss of simple
social rules some might take for granted and that are particularly powerful.
, people become less and less attentive
to others' feelings, for human interaction (互动) is almost lost. Take for
instance the rudeness we tolerate when a person is looking at his phone when
talking to us.
Being polite is not just a
simple social elegance. .
These days "Please" and "Thank You" are forgotten. And not
many people are aware that these two simple words can easily open or close any
door to us. Unfortunately, they often forget to say these words.
Hope is not lost. There are
many ways we can improve our behavior to achieve skills in politeness. There
are simple things we can do to be considered as a polite and well - mannered
person. , they will respect you
back. Just make a change in our behavior to start. Use simple words like
"Excuse me", "Please", and "Thank you" every day.
Be kind to receive kindness. Care and politeness will get you far in all
aspects of life.
A. As technology progresses
B. People have become more self - absorbed
C. As long as you show your politeness for people
D. Since for many people being polite remains a challenge
E. Many languages have specific means to show politeness
F. It aims to respect a person's need to be liked and understood
G. It's also about being kind, caring and respectful to another person
【答案】F；B；A；G；C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，礼貌是良好礼仪的表现,但是随着生活节奏的加快人们对礼貌似乎有所忘却,也能够容忍不礼貌的行为。礼貌用语虽小,但能够在很多方面影响我们的生活。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“It seeks to build a positive relationship. ”礼仪试图建立积极的人际关系。F. It aims to respect a person's need to be liked and understood“礼仪的目的是尊重一个人被爱和被理解的需要”与上句承接自然,且两句在句式结构上相同。故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They don't even take the time to look around. ”人们甚至不愿意花时间观察周围事物。B. People have become more self - absorbed“人们变得更加以自我为中心,更加自恋”与下句联系紧密,不愿花时间看周围是人们以自我为中心的一种表现形式。故选B。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“people become less and less attentive to others' feelings, for human interaction (互动) is almost lost. ”人们变得越来越不关心礼仪。A. As technology progresses“随着科技的进步”在语境上和下句联系紧密。且越来越不关心和随着科学发展都表现出动作的渐变,在逻辑上也能很好的衔接。故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Being polite is not just a simple social elegance.”礼貌不仅仅是一个简单的社会礼仪。G. It's also about being kind, caring and respectful to another person“它也关乎对他人善良,关爱和尊重”的意思和上句是递进关系,尤其通过上句的not just 和本句的 also可以看出两句联系紧密。故选G。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“they will respect you back.”他们也会尊重你。C. As long as you show your politeness for people“只要你尊重他人”和下句构成条件状语从句,且句该考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。主从句的意义符合逻辑关系和文意。故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
（2021高三上·云南月考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children learn by
example. It has been said that the values and ideas we want to teach the
children should be done in the early years. If this teaching-learning period is
handled responsibly by parents and guardians, a lot can be achieved. 18． Simple politeness should be shown
right from the beginning. Parents must talk politely to their children and
expect the same from them. All rude responses must be firmly rejected.
19． This
can be done by giving them simple duties as early as possible. Duties can be as
simple as putting toys away when the children are done playing with them. They
can be taught to put away their clothes or shoes in the respective places on a
daily basis. Children are quick to learn. 20．
Children should be taught to sit down and play
quietly or read a book if they can. In creating this habit, parents play a
vital role as they also have to sit down and occupy themselves. 21． They want things to be exciting and
fast-moving. If parents themselves do not read or spend time quietly, it is
hard to expect the children to do so.
Of course, we must
also realize that some children will be different. 22． They will want to test the limits set and want
to be individualistic. Parents may have to allow some space so that creativity
and inventiveness can be developed. While some amount of discipline is good, it
must not be allowed to destroy their imaginative nature.
A.
It is not an easy task but it can be done.
B.
Good habits can be taught in the early years.
C.
Children must be taught to be part of the family.
D.
In this fast world, everyone expects to be entertained.
E.
Good habits formed during this time will stay for a lifetime.
F.
They will not always follow what parents instruct them to do.
G.
Children are not expected to do things for themselves in some homes.
【答案】18．B；19．C；20．E；21．D；22．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论家长如何给孩子做好榜样，让孩子从小养成良好习惯。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
18．根据空前“It has been said that the values and ideas we want to teach the children should be done in the early years. ”有人说，我们想教孩子的价值观和观念应该在早年就完成；以及空后“Simple politeness should be shown right from the beginning. ”从一开始就应该表现出简单的礼貌。可知，空处呈上启下，说明好习惯应该从小养成。B项中的“in the early years.”与上文对应。B. Good habits can be taught in the early years.“好习惯可以从小养成。”符合语境。故选B。
19．根据困惑“This can be done by giving them simple duties as early as possible. ”这可以通过尽早给他们一些简单的任务来实现。可知，本段主要讲述孩子从小要被教育是家庭的一份子，要为家庭做一些简单的任务。C. Children must be taught to be part of the family.“孩子必须被教育成为家庭的一部分。”符合语境。故选C。
20．根据空前“Duties can be as simple as putting toys away when the children are done playing with them. They can be taught to put away their clothes or shoes in the respective places on a daily basis. Children are quick to learn.”职责可以简单到孩子们玩完玩具后把它们收好。可以教他们每天把衣服或鞋子放在各自的地方。孩子们学得很快。可知，空处最后总结孩子早期学习成为家庭一分子的好处。这一段时间养成的好习惯可以持续一生。E. Good habits formed during this time will stay for a lifetime.“在这段时间里养成的好习惯会伴随一生。”符合语境。故选E。
21．根据空后“They want things to be exciting and fast-moving. If parents themselves do not read or spend time quietly, it is hard to expect the children to do so.”他们希望事情是令人兴奋和快速发展的。如果父母自己不安静地读书或消磨时间，很难期望孩子这样做。可知，D项中的“In this fast world”与下文中的“fast-moving”对应，在这个快速发展的世界，每个人都希望拥有娱乐时间。D. In this fast world, everyone expects to be entertained.“在这个快速发展的世界里，每个人都希望得到娱乐。”符合语境。故选D。
22．根据空前“Of course, we must also realize that some children will be different. ”当然，我们也必须认识到，有些孩子是不一样的；以及空后“They will want to test the limits set and want to be individualistic. Parents may have to allow some space so that creativity and inventiveness can be developed. ”他们想要测试自己的极限，想要成为个人主义者。父母可能需要给孩子一些空间，让他们的创造力和发明创造得以发展。可知，有些孩子比较自我，不会听从父母的指示。F项中的“they”指代上文中的“some children”。F. They will not always follow what parents instruct them to do.“他们不会总是听从父母的指示。”符合语境。故选F。
（2021高三上·白山月考）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If
you need to interview someone for an article but you have never interviewed
before, it can be frightening. Here are some tips for preparing for and
conducting a successful interview.
23． If the person is a known author or speaker,
take the time to read or listened to his/her work, or at least get familiar
with his/her most recent or most important work. If the interview will cover
events, review whatever is known publicly about those events..
Being
a recording device(录音设备). You
can use your phone or an audio recorder. In this way you needn't struggle to
write things down. 24． And this will make it easier to include direct
quotes when you start writing.
Remember
to make it a conversation rather than a list of questions. Prepared questions
are just a guideline. 25． .
You can also try to ask your interviewee about his/her personal thoughts and
reactions to events and people they deal with.
Appropriate feedback(反馈) is also important. Feel free to say words that show you are
listening, like "yeah" and "Mmmm". 26． You
can also give more facial feedback like smiling.
27． If the interviewee changes suddenly from one
line of thought to another, lead them back to the area you are focusing on.
Guide the interview but don't keep interrupting with many questions.
A. Politely ask if you
can interview them.
B. Do your homework before
you pick up the phone.
C. Then you can focus all
your attention on the interview.
D. Consider how all the
questions can be asked in a short time.
E. Nodding your head can
be an encouragement to the interviewee.
F. In order to get the
information you need, you should guide the interview.
G. You can try to ask questions
based on what they have said to you in previous responses.
【答案】23．B；24．C；25．G；26．E；27．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些准备和成功面试的小贴士。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
23．根据空后“If the person is a known author or speaker, take the time to read or listened to his/her work, or at least get familiar with his/her most recent or most important work.”如果这个人是知名作家或演说家，花点时间阅读或聆听他/她的作品，或至少熟悉他/她最近或最重要的作品。可推知，B. Do your homework before you pick up the phone.“拿起电话之前先做好功课。”符合语境，故选B。
24．根据空前“You can use your phone or an audio recorder. In this way you needn't struggle to write things down.”你可以用你的电话或录音机。这样你就不必费力地写东西了。承接上文，C. Then you can focus all your attention on the interview.“然后你可以把所有的注意力集中在面试上。”符合语境，故选C。
25．根据空后“ You can also try to ask your interviewee about his/her personal thoughts and reactions to events and people they deal with.”你也可以试着问问你的面试者他/她的个人想法和对事件和他们打交道的人的反应。G. You can try to ask questions based on what they have said to you in previous responses.“你可以试着根据他们之前的回答来提问。”承接下文，故选G。
26．根据空后“You can also give more facial feedback like smiling.”你也可以给予更多的面部反馈，比如微笑。E. Nodding your head can be an encouragement to the interviewee.“点头对面试者来说是一种鼓励。”承接下文，符合语境，故选E。
27．根据空后“If the interviewee changes suddenly from one line of thought to another, lead them back to the area you are focusing on. ”如果面试者突然从一个思路转变到另一个思路，会把他们带回到你所关注的领域。 承接上文，F. In order to get the information you need, you should guide the interview.“为了得到你需要的信息，你应该指导面试。”符合语境，故选F。
28．（2021高三上·宁波月考）根据短文内容．从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine you receive an e-mail like this: ARE
YOU GOING TO CLASS TODAY This e-mail “sounds” like the writer is yelling
because using all capital letters in an e-mail is usually the way that people
shout online. Virginia Shea's book, Netiquette, lists a basic set of dos
and don'ts for communicating appropriately with
others in cyberspace. Following are someof her suggestions.
First, always remember that you are sending
messages to a real person, not just to a computer. Don't type anything you wouldn't say to someone's face. Also, remember that the person who
receives your message cannot hear the tone of your voice, or see the expression
on your face.
Don't take anything without paying for it, unless
it's free. Don't use information that someone else has
written, and say it's yours. Do share your knowledge of the
Internet with others. It's a big place with lots of information, and
there are many new things to discover.
Remember that people judge you by your words
as well as your actions, so do try to write well. Good writing skills, as well
as correct grammar and spelling, do matter. If you are uncertain about how to spell a word
or which phrase to use, look it up. There are lots of helpful books and
websites.
It's
okay to express your opinions online in forums like chat rooms or message
boards, but don't start arguments with people. “Flame wars”
in online discussions can be interesting to read, but are often unfair to other
members of the group.
A.
So make sure your meaning is clear.
B.
Send polite, well—written messages to others.
C.
Don't do anything online that you wouldn't do in real life.
D.
Remember, you're not the only one traveling on this high
way!
E.
Knowing when to use capital letters is one example of online etiquette.
F.
Express your ideas, but remember that fighting on or offline is not
appropriate.
G.
When you're online, just as in “real” life, try to
respect other people's space, privacy, and feelings.
【答案】E；A；C；B；F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们在网上和别人交流时该做什么，不该做什么以及我们说话的方式很重要，就像在真实生活中一样要尊重别人。作者给我们提供了一些很好的建议。
A. So make sure your meaning is clear.
所以确保你的意思清楚。
B. Send polite, well—written messages to others.
向他人发送礼貌的、写得好的信息。
C. Don't do anything online that you wouldn't do in real life.
不要在网上做任何你在现实生活中不会做的事。
D. Remember, you're not the only one traveling on this high way!
记住，你不是唯一一个在这条高速公路上旅行的人！
E. Knowing when to use capital letters is one example of online etiquette.
知道什么时候使用大写字母是网络礼仪的一个例子。
F. Express your ideas, but remember that fighting on or offline is not appropriate.
表达你的想法，但要记住，在线上或线下战斗是不合适的。
G. When you're online, just as in “real” life, try to respect other people's space, privacy, and feelings.
当你上网时，就像在“真实”生活中一样，试着尊重别人的空间、隐私和感情。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“This e-mail ‘sounds’ like the writer is yelling because using all capital letters in an e-mail is usually the way that people shout online.”这封邮件听起来像是作者在大喊大叫，因为在电子邮件中使用所有大写字母，通常是人们在网上大喊大叫的方式；以及空后“Virginia Shea's book, Netiquette, lists a basic set of dos and don'ts for communicating appropriately with others in cyberspace.”Virginia Shea的书 Netiquette，列出了在网络空间与他人进行适当沟通时一组基本的要做和不要做的事情，可知E. Knowing when to use capital letters is one example of online etiquette.“知道何时使用大写字母是网络礼仪的一个例子。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选E。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Also, remember that the person who receives your message cannot hear the tone of your voice, or see the expression on your face. ”而且，记住收到你信息的人. 。听不到你的声音，也看不到你脸上的表情。可知A. So make sure your meaning is clear.“所以要确保你的意思很清楚。”承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Don't take anything without paying for it, unless it's free. Don't use information that someone else has written, and say it's yours. Do share your knowledge of the Internet with others.”不要不付钱就拿东西，除非是免费的。不要用别人写的信息，说是你的。一定要和其他人分享你的互联网知识。可知C. Don't do anything online that you wouldn't do in real life.“不要在网上做任何你在现实生活中不会做的事。”承接下文，符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Remember that people judge you by your words as well as your actions, so do try to write well. Good writing skills, as well as correct grammar and spelling, do matter. ”记住人们通过你的言行来评判你，因此所以一定要写得好。良好的写作技巧，以及正确的语法和拼写，确实很重要；以及空后“If you are uncertain about how to spell a word or which phrase to use, look it up. ”如果你不确定如何拼写一个单词或者使用哪个短语，查查看。可知B. Send polite, well—written messages to others.“给别人发送礼貌的，写得很好的信息。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选B。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“It's okay to express your opinions online in forums like chat rooms or message boards, but don't start arguments with people. ”在聊天室或留言板之类的论坛上表达你的观点是可以的，但是不要和别人吵架，可知F. Express your ideas, but remember that fighting on or offline is not appropriate.“表达你的想法，但要记住，在线上或线下打架是不合适的。”承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
（2022高三上·济南开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important festivals in Chinese calendar. The festival typically involves family getting together to share mooncakes while watching the moon. Typical Chinese mooncakes are round in shape, and measure around 10 cm in diameter and 4-5 cm in thickness. Most mooncakes consist of a thin tender skin enveloping a sweet, dense filling.
29． . It is a custom for housewives to prepare mooncakes at home when the festival is approaching. Now let's learn to make traditional Chinese mooncakes.
Above all, full preparations should be made, including materials such as dough (生面团), flour, water, sugar and vegetable oil, and fillings—lotus seed paste (莲子蓉) and eggs.
Mix together all the materials to get a dough. 30．
Next, separate the egg yolks from the whites and salt the steamed yolks. While the oven is preheating to 180 degrees Celsius, roll the lotus paste and the dough into small balls. 31． .
Then, shape up with each consisting of a dough wrapper, one ball of lotus paste, and one half of a salted egg yolk. Make a hole in a ball of lotus and put the yolk inside. Similarly, cover the lotus ball (with the yolk inside) with a wrapper. 32． . Then shape it with the mold (模具).
33． . Take them out after 5 minutes and brush them with the egg wash. Put the mooncakes back until they become golden brown.
Remember to wait to eat the mooncakes for two days when they will be soft and also look shiny.
A. A mooncake ball is made.
B. Prepare the salted egg yolks.
C. Finally, put all mooncakes into the oven.
D. Flatten each piece of dough into a thin wrapper.
E. There're many stories about mooncakes and Chang'e.
F. Mooncakes are the must-eat food for the Mid-Autumn Festival.
G. Covered with plastic wrap, it should be set aside for at least 3 hours.
【答案】29．F；30．G；31．D；32．A；33．C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何制作中国传统月饼。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
29．根据空前“Typical Chinese mooncakes…Most mooncakes …”可知，上文提到中秋节的月饼；以及空后“It is a custom for housewives to prepare mooncakes at home when the festival is approaching.”在节日临近的时候，家庭主妇在家准备月饼是一种习俗。 F. Mooncakes are the must-eat food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. “月饼是中秋必吃的食物”，符合语境，故选 F 。
30．根据空前“Mix together all the materials to get a dough.”把所有材料混合在一起做成面团。可知，本段主要如何制作和处理面团。G. Covered with plastic wrap, it should be set aside for at least 3 hours.“用保鲜膜覆盖，放置至少3小时”承接上文，符合语境，故选 G 。
31．根据空前“…roll the lotus paste and the dough into small balls”将莲蓉酱和面团揉成小球；以及空后“Then, shape up with each consisting of a dough wrapper, one ball of lotus paste, and one half of a salted egg yolk.”然后，用面团包装纸、一个荷花酱球和半个咸蛋黄做成形状。由下文的dough wrapper “面团皮”可知， D. Flatten each piece of dough into a thin wrapper. “把每个面团压扁，做成薄薄的面皮”，符合语境，故选 D 。
32．根据空前“Similarly, cover the lotus ball (with the yolk inside) with a wrapper.”同样地，用包装纸覆盖荷花球（蛋黄在里面）；以及空后“Then shape it with the mold (模具).”然后用模具成型。代词“it”可知，此处应该承接上文，接下来说“一个月饼球就做好了”，it指代“月饼球”。 A. A mooncake ball is made. “月饼球就做好了。”符合语境，故选 A 。
33．根据空后“Take them out after 5 minutes and brush them with the egg wash. Put the mooncakes back until they become golden brown.”5分钟后取出它们，用鸡蛋清洗液刷洗。把月饼放回原处，直到它们变成金黄色。可知，空格处应出现可数名词的复数形式。而下文又说“直到它们变成金黄色”，C. Finally, put all mooncakes into the oven.“最后，把所以月饼放进烤箱”，符合语境，故选 C 。
34．（2016·南昌模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Lost Rules of Etiquette
Etiquette, or good manners, used to be the glue that held society together. Sadly, these days it has mostly gone by the wayside. This list is several best rules of etiquette that have now disappeared.
Opening the Door
In days gone by, a gentleman would always open doors for ladies. This has now almost entirely disappeared and it is pot entirely the fault of the men. I have seen women laugh at men for opening a door for them. They seem tobe confusing manners with chauvinism(大男子主义)．
Writing Thank-You Notes
In days gone by, whenever a personreceived a gift, they would write a thank-you note as soon as possible. Parents would sit children down after a birthday or Christmas and coach them in theirfirst thank-you note. It is a shame that gift giving has now become a virtualobligation and the idea of a thank-you note would be laughed at.
We seem to have completely lost theconcept of correct timing when it comes to parties these days.
After all, aparty normally has a guest of honor-this is usually the oldest woman present.It was considered extremely rude in the past to leave a party before the guestof honor-and once the guest of honor left, it was a signal to all that theyshould begin their own preparations to leave.
A. Arriving on Time.
B. Leaving at the Right Time.
C. People leave with various excuses.
D. It enabled people to get on well with each other.
E. This rule was true even if the giverwas a relative.
F. It could be the lady they weredriving, or a stranger.
G. We've thrown away the concept of aguest of honor at will.
【答案】D；F；E；B；C
【知识点】说明文；七选五
【解析】【分析】本文讲的是消失的礼仪。
①D根据上一句：礼仪，或礼貌，过去像胶水一样将社会团结起来。可知此空表达的意思是：它使人们相处得很好。故选D。
②F根据空格上句：在过去，无论是什么场合，绅士都会为女士开门。再根据空格后一句：这种情况现在几乎已经看不到了。可知此空表达的意思是：这可能是他们在为一个女士开车，或是一个陌生人。故选F。
③E根据空格上一句：以前当人们收到礼物总会尽快写一封感谢信，以表达自己真诚的谢意。再根据后一句：孩子在收到生日或圣诞节礼物时，父母会教孩子写感谢信。可知此空要表达的意思是：这条法则是真实的，即使给予者是亲戚。故选E。
④B此空是小标题。根据下文的内容：我们似乎越来越缺少正确的时间观念和礼仪了，我们会因为各式各样的借口离开正在参加的聚会。可知此处的意思是：适时地离开。可知B项适合做标题。
⑤C根据空格前一句：目前当我们谈到聚会时，我们似乎越来越缺少正确的时间观念和礼仪了。再根据空格后一句：毕竟聚会应以最年长的妇人为贵宾。可知此空所要表达的意思是：人们因为各式各样的借口离开正在参加的聚会。故选C。
