河南省伊川县重点高中2022-2023学年高三下学期入学测试英语试题
一、英法联军（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The
skies over Latin America's largest city are set to witness a futuristic aerospace
revolution after the Brazilian airline Gol reached an agreement that could see it
transport regular passengers around Sao Paulo in hundreds of low-cost zero-emission
electric air taxis.
Domhnal
Slattery, chief executive of the Dublin-based firm Avolon, which will provide the
aircraft to Gol and recently placed an order for 500 of the aircraft from their
British manufacturer, admitted helicopters were the "kingdom of the wealthiest".
But
the Avolon boss claimed the introduction of VA-X4 eVTOLs(垂直的) electric vertical takeoff and landing)aircraft to Sao Paulo would be
a gamechanger for regular passengers once the taxis, which look like a futuristic
cross between a helicopter and a glider, were delivered in late 2024 or 2025.
"Our
basic estimate(估计) at the moment is that the
operating cost here for this aircraft will be equal to $I per passenger over a 25-mile
trip, "Slattery told the Financial Times. "Which is almost equal to an
Uber ride. "
Few
cities are crying out for such a revolution more than Sao Paulo, a sprawling metropolis
with more than 12 million citizens and choked by a fleet of 8. 6m vehicles.
In
the late 1990s, the congestion(拥塞) became so
bad in what is now the world's fifth biggest city after Tokyo, Delhi, Seoul and
Shanghai that authorities were forced to introduce a number plate rotation(循环) system for vehicles.
Stephen
Fitzpatrick, the head of the British aerospace manufacturer that produces the aircraft,
Vertical Aerospace, said the flying taxis would be ideal for Brazil's biggest city
and will "transform how we travel around high population density cities that
are crowded with traffic".
The
Bristol-based Vertical Aerospace was founded in 2016 and promises to pioneer "a
new era in vertical transport".
"We'll
be looking to Asia after Sao Paulo," Avolon's chief commercial officer, Paul
Geaney, told Reuters.
1．What did Domhnal Slattery think of helicopters
A．They could be afforded by all.
B．They could be mostly used by the rich.
C．They provided convenience for travellers.
D．They showed the owners' social status.
2．What is the advantage of electric air taxis
A．Eco-friendliness. B．Traditional design.
C．Zero noise. D．Free delivery.
3．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A．The flying taxis will be ideal for Brazil's biggest city.
B．More cities are eager for electric air taxis than Sao Paulo.
C．The Avolon will enter the Asian transportation market soon.
D．Travelling by VA-X4 eVTOLs can be more convenient but more expensive than by Uber.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old
nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his
passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried
to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the
beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When
I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors
and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started
photography. "
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through
a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the
lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress.
And his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against
brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as
one of their featured photographers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak
of my career. It was incredible. "
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale,
West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic
of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help
others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem
is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure
on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try
and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't
think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can
lose yourself in a spider making its web. "
4．What does the underlined phrase "hit rock bottom" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Be in the worst possible situation.
B．Reach the bottom of a valley.
C．Crash into the lowest part of a rock.
D．Launch an attack on the rock bottom.
5．How did photography benefit Doogue
A．It gave him a new way to express himself.
B．It helped him to escape from pressure.
C．It provided him with life-saving skills.
D．It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
6．What caused Scottish men to develop mental health problems
A．The way men employ to solve problems.
B．The lack of love for men's life and work.
C．The worry that men get separated from people.
D．The belief that men are expected to be strong.
7．What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text
A．To warn the severity of mental problems.
B．To show the benefits of nature photography.
C．To advise readers to get close to nature.
D．To introduce Doogue's fighting against depression.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry and failed attempts to use technology have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
8．What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A．Soil pollution. B．Lack of workers.
C．Aging machines. D．Low profitability.
9．What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A．Monitor the quality of grass. B．Cure the diseased cattle.
C．Move cattle to another field. D．Predict weather changes.
10．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A．He wants to help them earn a living.
B．He thinks men can do the job better.
C．He is inexperienced in using robots.
D．He enjoys the traditional way of life.
11．How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A．Increase the value of cattle. B．Bring down the cost of labor.
C．Make the job more appealing. D．Keep cattle from being stolen.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way
of editing genes(基因), which offers
the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的) diseases. Working
on opposite sides of the Atlantic, French woman Emmanuelle Charpentier and American
Jennifer A. Doudna came up with a method known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to
change the DNA of animals and plants.
It was the first time two women had won the chemistry Nobel together—adding
to the small number of female winners in the sciences, where women have long received
less recognition for their work than men. The scientists' work allows researchers
to precisely edit specific genes to remove errors that lead to disease.
"There is great power in this genetic tool, which affects us all,"
said Claes Gustafsson, chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, "It has
not only made huge progress in basic science, but also led to advances in new medical
treatments. "
Charpentier, 53, spoke of the shock of winning. "Strangely enough
I was told a number of times that I'd win, but when it happens you're very surprised.
And I wish that this will provide a positive message to young girls who would like
to follow the path of science. "
Doudna told The Associated Press, "I actually just found out I'm
in shock. And my greatest hope is that it's used for good, to uncover new mysteries
in biology and to benefit humankind. "
The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT have been in a long court fight
over patents(专利) on CRISPR technology,
and many other scientists did important work on it, but Doudna and Charpentier have
been most consistently(一致地) honored with prizes for turning
it into an easily usable tool.
12．What do we know about the two scientists from the first two paragraphs
A．They both work in America.
B．They work harder than other females.
C．They provide a new way to edit genes.
D．They are the first women to win the Nobel Prize.
13．What is Claes Gustafsson's attitude towards the genetic tool
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Dissatisfied. D．Doubtful.
14．What did Charpentier and Doudna think of their winning the prize
A．They didn't deserve the honor.
B．They thought it good for them.
C．They were both surprised at it.
D．They would be examples to young girls.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Two Nobel Prize winners surprise the world.
B．Female scientists do better than male scientists.
C．There is research for developing a way of editing genes.
D．Two scientists win the Nobel Prize for gene-editing discovery.
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
"Learn from failure. " This article is to make you understand
some key points about learning from failure. 16． Or, if you are new to this
thing called "failure", then it will serve as a beginning to better success.
Here are some tips for learning from failure:
·Take the risk and pay the price.
17． Think about the entrepreneurs(企业家), scientists, leaders, and businesses that took
the path less trodden(踩踏的) and how they were rewarded handsomely.
If you pay the price with the risk you take, the returns may surprise you. "But,
what if I fail " you ask. 18．
No one is perfect, so failure is absolutely acceptable. The proverb
that we learn from failure is true. The lessons are there for you to understand
and do better next time.
·Realize experience is the best teacher.
People say experience is the best teacher. If you accept that to be
true then you need to accept failure as one of the many lessons you gain from experience.
It's that simple. 19．
·Allow yourself the freedom to fail.
20． If you are safe all the time, then you are not giving yourself
the opportunity to learn from failure. Give yourself the freedom to fail and see
how the lessons of success open up for you.
A. Know it's okay to fail.
B. Nothing ventured(冒险), nothing gained.
C. Let the fear of failure help you succeed.
D. Think about failures as lessons in the journey of life.
E. Ready to learn from failure so you can find career success.
F. When you are too cautious, you do not allow yourself to take any
risks.
G. Lessons you probably are very familiar with but need reminders about.
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up, I always heard people say work hard pays; that working
hard is a virtue. I never really understood the 21． of these words until I reached
the age where my parents 22． giving
me my monthly allowance and asked me to 23． a job.
New Year is a season of good news either for merrymakers or for business.
My childhood friend was one of the 24． . Although we grew up together, Mike and I were two sides of the same
coin. Therefore, while I 25． the
festive season as another time of the year when people overindulge (放任),he saw it as a 26． time to make money. 27． , I needed this side of him, considering my present 28． .
Mike was not of the "work hard pays" school of thought,but
the "work smart" school of thought. When I 29． him about my difficulty, he saw
a business 30． . He told me about his business idea — making
New Year presents and 31． them
on credit. Of course, he 32． my
disbelief and lack of 33． in
his idea. At this point, he told me he had 34． and realized that only one shop
sold New Year presents, and the price was very 35． . To make the story short, we made our New Year presents and hit the
road 36． .
News about our New Year presents 37． like wildfire. Within three days,we
had sold about 20 New Year presents, and as they say, the rest is history.
My parents' 38． to
stop my monthly allowance served to teach me the 39． of work. However, it was my business
adventure with Mike that taught me that working smart is 40． than working hard.
21．A．explanation B．meaning C．secret D．trick
22．A．enjoyed B．allowed C．considered D．stopped
23．A．look for B．take over C．turn down D．agree to
24．A．latter B．former C．first D．last
25．A．doubted B．guessed C．saw D．knew
26．A．usual B．fixed C．perfect D．prepared
27．A．Strangely B．Interestingly C．Finally D．Traditionally
28．A．difficulty B．fortune C．happiness D．chance
29．A．argued B．quarreled C．told D．wrote
30．A．expert B．newcomer C．competitor D．partner
31．A．renting B．exchanging C．selling D．purchasing
32．A．noticed B．removed C．lost D．understood
33．A．courage B．relief C．spirit D．enthusiasm
34．A．dreamed B．researched C．accepted D．answered
35．A．low B．high C．reasonable D．fair
36．A．running B．resting C．falling D．building
37．A．wandered B．spread C．burnt D．disappeared
38．A．expectation B．contribution C．determination D．decision
39．A．strength B．energy C．value D．sort
40．A．bigger B．more C．louder D．better
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese
people take tree planting 41． (serious). President Xi Jinping 42． (join) local
residents for tree planting in the capital's suburbs in March this year—his 10th
successive 43． (present) at the annual activity since he became China's top leader.
Xi said that by joining other volunteers to plant trees, he wants to make his contribution
to building 44． green and beautiful China, and encourage society, especially
the youth, 45． (promote) ecological advancement.
When the People's
Republic of China 46． (found) in 1949, forests covered only 8. 6 percent of the
country's land area. The constant use of wood for cooking and heating had denuded(使变光秃) forests and reduced the green cover, 47． (result)
in environmental deterioration and desertification. It was under such circumstances
that China launched national tree-planting campaign to build forest belts. Thanks
to nationwide efforts, last year, it was reported that forest cover has increased
to 23 percent of the country's land territory, 48． spread over 220 million hectares.
As a leader
who in his youth toiled(辛苦工作) 49． a farmer on the almost barren(贫瘠的) Loess
Plateau for seven years, Xi knows better than many 50． forests mean to a nation.
The concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets"
has become a motto for China's future development.
五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2）只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nowadays, have sports is becoming
more and more popular. As we know, a person who keeps on taking exercise regular
will keep fit and live happy life.
My favorite sport is playing basketball.
After school I usually spent half an hour on it, that not only builds up my body
but also makes me refreshed. Playing basketball help me relax after a period of
tired study and improves my study efficiency. Besides, because playing basketball
needs cooperation, so I have learned the spirit of teamwork. It is also a good way
for me to make new friend. In a word, playing basketball enriches my life and makes
me more confidence.
Come on! Let's do sports together
and enjoy a healthy life.
六、书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）假定你是学校英语杂志社记者，上周你校开展了给贫困地区学生捐赠"爱心包裹"的活动。请写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
1）活动时间与地点；
2）活动过程；
3）活动意义。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Loving Parcels for Students in Need
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
1．推理判断题。 根据文章第二段"Domhnal Slattery,
chief executive of the Dublin-based firm Avolon, which will provide the
aircraft to Gol and recently placed an order for 500 of the aircraft from their
British manufacturer, ad mitted helicopters were the 'kingdom of the
wealthiest' . (总部位于都柏林的Avolon公司将为Gol提供这款飞机，最近该公司从英国制造商那里订购了500架，该公司首席执行官Domhnal Slattery承认，直升机是'最富有的人的王国'。)"可知，多姆纳尔·斯莱特里认为它们可能主要被富人使用。故选B。
2．细节理解题。 根据文章第一段"after the Brazilian
airline Gol reached an agreement that could see it transport regular passengers
around Sao Paulo in hundreds of low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis. 在巴西航空公司Gol达成协议后， 该公司将使用数百辆低成本零排放电动空中出租车在圣保罗附近运送普通乘客。)"可推断，电动空中出租车具有成本低、无排放的优势，因此，选项中的"Echo-friendliness"与"low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis"原文一致， 符合题意。故选A。
3．推理判断题。 根据文章最后一句话" 'We'll be looking
to Asia after Sao Paulo. ' Avolon's chief commercial officer, Paul Geaney, told
Reuters. (Avolon首席商务官Paul Geaney对路透表示：'在Sao Paulo. 之后，我们将把目光投向亚洲。')"可知，在未来Avolon公司可能会进入亚洲市场。故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．D
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
4．词句猜测题。根据下文"In the beginning, I was so
paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the
house," says Doogue. "When I attempted to end my life, I knew I
needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that
I needed something more and that's when I started photography. "("一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。")"可知，划线词所在句子意思是：他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。由此可推知，"hit rock bottom"表示"处于最坏的情况"。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from
stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing
detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. (它有镇静作用，帮助他从压力中解脱出来；他的这些惊人的照片，在色彩鲜艳的背景下，以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了《国家地理》杂志出版商的注意。)"可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic(流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature
photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well.
"I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be
strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time," says
Doogue. (尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。"我认为问题在于这种男性化的方式；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性施加了很大的压力，让他们一直保持健康，"道格说。)"可推断，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段"Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been
suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures
of insects and his work is now featured in National
Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after
hitting rock bottom. "In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house, " says Doogue.
"When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went
to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and
that's when I started photography. "(34岁的马特·道格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。"一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。")"及第三段中的"Though he fears
that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that
sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their
mental health issues as well. (尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。)"可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人。故选D。
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．B
11．D
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段" An Australian
professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a
development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely
on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. (澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临芳动力短缺的问题。)"可知，畜牧产业面临芳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段" The quality of
grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass. (通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。)"可知， Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段" But Bonds doesn't
believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry- and
failed attempts to use technology- have convinced him that the best way to
check cattle is with a man on a horse. (但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验以及使用技术的失败尝试使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。)"可知，皮特邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．C
15．D
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
12．细节理解题。第一段提到"Working on opposite sides
of the Atlantic"(在大西洋的两岸工作)，由此可知这两位科学家并没有一起在美国工作，排除A。第二段提到"It was the first time two women
had won the chemistry Nobel together—adding to the small number of female
winners in the sciences, where women have long received less recognition for
their work than men. " (这是第一次有两位女性同时获得诺贝尔化学奖在科学领域，女性获奖者的数量很少，长期以来，女性在科学领域的工作得到的认可一直低于男性)此处提到的是女性科学家获得诺贝尔奖的人数较少，并没有提到她们比其他的女性工作更努力，排除B。第二段第一句提到"It was the first time two
women had won the chemistry Nobel together" (这是第一次有两名女性同时获得诺贝尔化学奖) 由此可知，她们是第一对获得诺贝尔奖的女性，排除D。第一段第一句提到"Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing
a way of editing genes"(两名科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖)，由此可知她们提出了一种新的基因编辑的方法，C项符合题意。故选C。
13．推理判断题。第三段提到诺贝尔化学委员会78 Claes Gustafsson对于两位女性科学家获得诺贝尔化学奖的感受，"There is great power in this genetic tool, which affects us
all. It has not only made huge progress in basic science, but also led to
advances in new medical treatments. "(这种基因工具蕴含着巨大的力量，它影响着我们所有人。它不仅在基础科学方面取得了巨大的进步，还引领了新的医学治疗方法的进步。)由此判断Claes Gustafsson对于这个基因工具是一种支持的态度。故选A。
14．细节理解题。 第四段提到Charpentier获奖时的想法, "Strangely enough I was told a number of times that I'd win,
but when it happens you're very surprised"(奇怪的是，很多次我都被告知我会赢，但当它真的发生时，你会非常惊讶。)，第五段提到Doudna获奖时的想法"I
actually just found out I'm in shock"(我刚刚才发现自己很震惊。)可知，两位科学家在得知自己获奖时都是非常惊讶的状态。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。 第一段第一句提到"Two scientists won
the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因),which offers the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的)diseases. "(两名科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖，这种方法有望在未来治愈遗传疾病。)结合文章内容，后文提到基因编辑工具对医学治疗方面的影响等方面，由此判断，文章讲述了两位科学家因基因编辑方法而获得诺贝尔奖的故事。故选D。
【答案】16．C；17．B；18．A；19．D；20．E
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
16．根据上一句This article is to make you
understand some key points about learning from failure. (本文旨在让您了解从失败中学习的一些要点。)可知，此处说的是让您了解从失败中学习的一些要点。所以C. Let the fear
of failure help you succeed. (让对失败的恐惧帮助你成功。)符合语境。故选C。
17．根据上一句Take the risk and pay the price. (承担风险并付出代价。)可知，此处说的是承担风险并付出代价。所以B. Nothing ventured(冒险), nothing gained. (没有冒险，就没有收获。)符合语境。故选。
18．根据下一句No one is perfect, so failure is absolutely acceptable. (没有人是完美的,所以失败是绝对可以接受的。)可知，此处说的是失败是绝对可以接受的。所以A. Know it's okay to fail. (知道失败是可以的。)符合语境。故选A。
19．根据上一句If you accept that to be true then you need to accept failure as one
of the many lessons you gain from experience. (如果你承认这是真的，那么你需要接受失败，将其作为你从经验中获得的众多教训之一。)可知，此处说的是失败是一种教训。所以D. Think about failures
as lessons in the journey of life. (把失败看作人生旅途中的教训。)符合语境。故选D。
20．根据上一句If you are safe all the time, then you are not giving yourself the
opportunity to learn from failure. (如果你一直都很安全，那么你就没有机会从失败中学习。)可知此处说的是不要害怕失败。所以E. Ready to learn from
failure so you can find career success. (准备好从失败中学习，这样你才能找到事业. 上的成功。)符合语境。故选E。
【答案】21．B；22．D；23．A；24．A；25．C；26．C；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．D；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．B；36．A；37．B；38．D；39．C；40．D
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
21．考查名词。根据句意可知,作者以前不明白人们常说的这些话的真正意义,meaning,意义。
22．考查动词。由最后一段中58空后得知,是父母亲停止给作者零花钱,并让作者找一份工作,stopped,停止。
23．考查动词短语。详见2解析,look for,寻找。
24．考查形容词。从下文卖新年礼物可推知,作者朋友是属于for business的人,latter,后者。
25．考查动词。根据下一句中saw. . .
as. . . 可知,此处指作者把节日看作是人们放任寻乐的好时机,而作者的朋友却看作是赚钱的良机,saw,看作。
26．考查形容词。详见45解析,perfect,完美的。
27．考查副词。作者和朋友是不同的两类人,但现在需要朋友的这种视野来帮助自己度过难关,因此觉得很有意思,interestingly,有趣的是。
28．考查名词。详见7解析,difficulty,困难。
29．考查动词。作者把自己的困境告诉了朋友,told,告诉。
30．考查名词。从下文可知作者和朋友一起去卖新年礼物,可推知朋友把作者当成了合作伙伴,partner,伙伴。
31．考查动词。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,他们是在卖新年礼物,selling,卖。
32．考查动词。朋友提出这个想法的时候,也注意到了作者的质疑和缺乏激情,noticed,注意到。
33．考查名词。详见12解析,enthusiasm,热情。
34．考查动词。根据句意可知,关于这个问题,作者的朋友说已经做过研究,只有一家商店卖新年礼物,而且价格较高,researched,研究。
35．考查形容词。详见14解析,high,高。
36．考查动词。长话短说,作者和朋友做好礼物就行动了,miming,使……运行。
37．考查动词。卖礼物的消息像野火一样传播的很快,spread,传播。
38．考查名词。正是父母亲的决定才让作者有机会明白工作的价值,decision,决定。
39．考查名词。详见18解析,value,价值。
40．考查形容词。正是这次和朋友的商业之旅,让作者明白聪明地工作比努力工作更好,better,更好。
【答案】41．seriously；42．joined；43．presence；44．a；45．to promote；46．was founded；47．resulting；48．and；49．as；50．what
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
41．考查副词。句意:中国人很重视植树。固定短语take. . . seriously意为to think that sb. /sth.
is important and deserves your attention and respect"认真对待"符合句意。故填seriously。
42．考查动词时态。句意:事实上，123 78 今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动，这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语in March this year可知此句为一般过去时,故填joined。
43．考查名词。句意:事实上,123 78 今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动,这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。根据空前的"his 10th successive"可知设空处应为名词,所给词present的名词presence意为"出席，在场"符合句意, presence意为"出席，在场"时为不可数名词, 故填presence。
44．考查冠词。句意:123 78 说，通过和其他志愿者一起植树, 他想为建设一个绿色美丽的中国做出自己的贡献，并鼓励社会,特别是年轻人，促进生态发展。根据句意可知此处指"一个绿色美丽的中国",表泛指,所以用不定冠词，空后为"green"，起始音为辅音,故填a。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意:123 78 说，通过和其他志愿者一起植树, 他想为建设一个绿色美丽的中国做出自己的贡献，并鼓励社会，特别是年轻人，促进生态发展。固定搭配encourage sb to do sth意为"鼓励某人做某事"，所以设空处填不定式作宾语补足语，故填to promote。
46．考查时态和语态。句意: 1949年中华人民共和国成立时，森林仅占国土面积的8. 6%。设空处是从句的谓语动词，从句的主语the People's Republic
of China与found是被动关系,根据时间状语in 1949可知此从句为一般过去时，故填was founded
47．考查非谓语动词。句意:持续使用木材做饭和取暖已经造成森林退化，绿色植被减少,导致环境恶化和荒漠化。"_____(result) in environmental
deterioration and desertification"在句中做结果状语，"持续使用木材做饭和取暖已经造成森林退化，绿色植被减少,"与result in之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词,故填resulting.
48．考查连词。句意:据报道，由于全国范围的努力，去年森林覆盖率已增加到国土面积的23%,覆盖面积超过2. 2亿公顷。设空处连接谓语动词increased和spread,两者为并列关系，故填and.
49．考查介词。句意:作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，123 比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。介词as意为"作为，以……身份"符合句意，故填as。
50．考查名词性从句连接词。句意:作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，123 比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。句子分析可知"_____ forests mean to a nation"作knows的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作mean的宾语，表示"意味着什么"，故填what。
51．【答案】①have→having ②regular→regularly③happy前加a④spent→spend⑤that→which⑥help→helps⑦tired→tiring⑧去掉so⑨friend→friends⑩confidence→confident
【解析】【分析】
（1）本句谓语动词为is becoming，is前面为主语， 应用动名词，表示一般性、经常性动作，故将have政为having。
（2）修饰taking应用副词，故将regular改为regularly。
（3）live a happy life为固定短语，意为"过快乐的生活"。故在live后加a。
（4）此处用一般现在时表述习惯性的动作，应将 spent 改为 spend。
（5）句意为:放学后我通常花半小时的时间打篮球， 这不仅能增强我的体格，而且使我精神焕发。
逗号后面的句子修饰逗号前提到的那件事，为非限制性定语从句，不能用that引导，故将that改为which。
（6）主语为Playing basketball,为单数概念，且根据全文时态可知，此处时态为一般现在时，故将help改为helps。
（7）修饰名词study，表示"令人疲惫的"，应用-ing形式的形容词，故将tired改为tiring。
（8）because表示原因，so表示结果，二者不可同时出现在一个句子中。故删除so。
（9）根据语境可知"交新朋友"不止一个，且"交朋友"的固定表达为make friends。故将friend改为friends。
（10）"make sb +adj. "为固定结构，意为"使某人……"，此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。故将confidence改为 confident。
【点评】
52．【答案】Loving Parcels for Students in Need
In order to help the students in the poverty-stricken areas, a "Loving Parcels" donation activity was successfully held in our school hall last week.
All of the teachers and students took an active part in the activity. They donated their clothes, books and schoolbags to the students in need. In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes on cards, which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.
Not only did the activity help us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them but it also taught us that we should value what we have.
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
河南省伊川县重点高中2022-2023学年高三下学期入学测试英语试题
一、英法联军（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The
skies over Latin America's largest city are set to witness a futuristic aerospace
revolution after the Brazilian airline Gol reached an agreement that could see it
transport regular passengers around Sao Paulo in hundreds of low-cost zero-emission
electric air taxis.
Domhnal
Slattery, chief executive of the Dublin-based firm Avolon, which will provide the
aircraft to Gol and recently placed an order for 500 of the aircraft from their
British manufacturer, admitted helicopters were the "kingdom of the wealthiest".
But
the Avolon boss claimed the introduction of VA-X4 eVTOLs(垂直的) electric vertical takeoff and landing)aircraft to Sao Paulo would be
a gamechanger for regular passengers once the taxis, which look like a futuristic
cross between a helicopter and a glider, were delivered in late 2024 or 2025.
"Our
basic estimate(估计) at the moment is that the
operating cost here for this aircraft will be equal to $I per passenger over a 25-mile
trip, "Slattery told the Financial Times. "Which is almost equal to an
Uber ride. "
Few
cities are crying out for such a revolution more than Sao Paulo, a sprawling metropolis
with more than 12 million citizens and choked by a fleet of 8. 6m vehicles.
In
the late 1990s, the congestion(拥塞) became so
bad in what is now the world's fifth biggest city after Tokyo, Delhi, Seoul and
Shanghai that authorities were forced to introduce a number plate rotation(循环) system for vehicles.
Stephen
Fitzpatrick, the head of the British aerospace manufacturer that produces the aircraft,
Vertical Aerospace, said the flying taxis would be ideal for Brazil's biggest city
and will "transform how we travel around high population density cities that
are crowded with traffic".
The
Bristol-based Vertical Aerospace was founded in 2016 and promises to pioneer "a
new era in vertical transport".
"We'll
be looking to Asia after Sao Paulo," Avolon's chief commercial officer, Paul
Geaney, told Reuters.
1．What did Domhnal Slattery think of helicopters
A．They could be afforded by all.
B．They could be mostly used by the rich.
C．They provided convenience for travellers.
D．They showed the owners' social status.
2．What is the advantage of electric air taxis
A．Eco-friendliness. B．Traditional design.
C．Zero noise. D．Free delivery.
3．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A．The flying taxis will be ideal for Brazil's biggest city.
B．More cities are eager for electric air taxis than Sao Paulo.
C．The Avolon will enter the Asian transportation market soon.
D．Travelling by VA-X4 eVTOLs can be more convenient but more expensive than by Uber.
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
1．推理判断题。 根据文章第二段"Domhnal Slattery,
chief executive of the Dublin-based firm Avolon, which will provide the
aircraft to Gol and recently placed an order for 500 of the aircraft from their
British manufacturer, ad mitted helicopters were the 'kingdom of the
wealthiest' . (总部位于都柏林的Avolon公司将为Gol提供这款飞机，最近该公司从英国制造商那里订购了500架，该公司首席执行官Domhnal Slattery承认，直升机是'最富有的人的王国'。)"可知，多姆纳尔·斯莱特里认为它们可能主要被富人使用。故选B。
2．细节理解题。 根据文章第一段"after the Brazilian
airline Gol reached an agreement that could see it transport regular passengers
around Sao Paulo in hundreds of low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis. 在巴西航空公司Gol达成协议后， 该公司将使用数百辆低成本零排放电动空中出租车在圣保罗附近运送普通乘客。)"可推断，电动空中出租车具有成本低、无排放的优势，因此，选项中的"Echo-friendliness"与"low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis"原文一致， 符合题意。故选A。
3．推理判断题。 根据文章最后一句话" 'We'll be looking
to Asia after Sao Paulo. ' Avolon's chief commercial officer, Paul Geaney, told
Reuters. (Avolon首席商务官Paul Geaney对路透表示：'在Sao Paulo. 之后，我们将把目光投向亚洲。')"可知，在未来Avolon公司可能会进入亚洲市场。故选C。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old
nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his
passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried
to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the
beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When
I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors
and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started
photography. "
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through
a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the
lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress.
And his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against
brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as
one of their featured photographers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak
of my career. It was incredible. "
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale,
West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic
of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help
others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem
is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure
on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try
and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't
think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can
lose yourself in a spider making its web. "
4．What does the underlined phrase "hit rock bottom" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Be in the worst possible situation.
B．Reach the bottom of a valley.
C．Crash into the lowest part of a rock.
D．Launch an attack on the rock bottom.
5．How did photography benefit Doogue
A．It gave him a new way to express himself.
B．It helped him to escape from pressure.
C．It provided him with life-saving skills.
D．It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
6．What caused Scottish men to develop mental health problems
A．The way men employ to solve problems.
B．The lack of love for men's life and work.
C．The worry that men get separated from people.
D．The belief that men are expected to be strong.
7．What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text
A．To warn the severity of mental problems.
B．To show the benefits of nature photography.
C．To advise readers to get close to nature.
D．To introduce Doogue's fighting against depression.
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．D
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
4．词句猜测题。根据下文"In the beginning, I was so
paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the
house," says Doogue. "When I attempted to end my life, I knew I
needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that
I needed something more and that's when I started photography. "("一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。")"可知，划线词所在句子意思是：他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。由此可推知，"hit rock bottom"表示"处于最坏的情况"。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from
stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing
detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. (它有镇静作用，帮助他从压力中解脱出来；他的这些惊人的照片，在色彩鲜艳的背景下，以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了《国家地理》杂志出版商的注意。)"可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic(流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature
photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well.
"I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be
strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time," says
Doogue. (尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。"我认为问题在于这种男性化的方式；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性施加了很大的压力，让他们一直保持健康，"道格说。)"可推断，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段"Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been
suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures
of insects and his work is now featured in National
Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after
hitting rock bottom. "In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house, " says Doogue.
"When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went
to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and
that's when I started photography. "(34岁的马特·道格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。"一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。")"及第三段中的"Though he fears
that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that
sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their
mental health issues as well. (尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。)"可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人。故选D。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry and failed attempts to use technology have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
8．What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A．Soil pollution. B．Lack of workers.
C．Aging machines. D．Low profitability.
9．What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A．Monitor the quality of grass. B．Cure the diseased cattle.
C．Move cattle to another field. D．Predict weather changes.
10．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A．He wants to help them earn a living.
B．He thinks men can do the job better.
C．He is inexperienced in using robots.
D．He enjoys the traditional way of life.
11．How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A．Increase the value of cattle. B．Bring down the cost of labor.
C．Make the job more appealing. D．Keep cattle from being stolen.
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．B
11．D
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段" An Australian
professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a
development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely
on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. (澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临芳动力短缺的问题。)"可知，畜牧产业面临芳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段" The quality of
grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass. (通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。)"可知， Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段" But Bonds doesn't
believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry- and
failed attempts to use technology- have convinced him that the best way to
check cattle is with a man on a horse. (但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验以及使用技术的失败尝试使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。)"可知，皮特邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way
of editing genes(基因), which offers
the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的) diseases. Working
on opposite sides of the Atlantic, French woman Emmanuelle Charpentier and American
Jennifer A. Doudna came up with a method known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to
change the DNA of animals and plants.
It was the first time two women had won the chemistry Nobel together—adding
to the small number of female winners in the sciences, where women have long received
less recognition for their work than men. The scientists' work allows researchers
to precisely edit specific genes to remove errors that lead to disease.
"There is great power in this genetic tool, which affects us all,"
said Claes Gustafsson, chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, "It has
not only made huge progress in basic science, but also led to advances in new medical
treatments. "
Charpentier, 53, spoke of the shock of winning. "Strangely enough
I was told a number of times that I'd win, but when it happens you're very surprised.
And I wish that this will provide a positive message to young girls who would like
to follow the path of science. "
Doudna told The Associated Press, "I actually just found out I'm
in shock. And my greatest hope is that it's used for good, to uncover new mysteries
in biology and to benefit humankind. "
The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT have been in a long court fight
over patents(专利) on CRISPR technology,
and many other scientists did important work on it, but Doudna and Charpentier have
been most consistently(一致地) honored with prizes for turning
it into an easily usable tool.
12．What do we know about the two scientists from the first two paragraphs
A．They both work in America.
B．They work harder than other females.
C．They provide a new way to edit genes.
D．They are the first women to win the Nobel Prize.
13．What is Claes Gustafsson's attitude towards the genetic tool
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Dissatisfied. D．Doubtful.
14．What did Charpentier and Doudna think of their winning the prize
A．They didn't deserve the honor.
B．They thought it good for them.
C．They were both surprised at it.
D．They would be examples to young girls.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Two Nobel Prize winners surprise the world.
B．Female scientists do better than male scientists.
C．There is research for developing a way of editing genes.
D．Two scientists win the Nobel Prize for gene-editing discovery.
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．C
15．D
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
12．细节理解题。第一段提到"Working on opposite sides
of the Atlantic"(在大西洋的两岸工作)，由此可知这两位科学家并没有一起在美国工作，排除A。第二段提到"It was the first time two women
had won the chemistry Nobel together—adding to the small number of female
winners in the sciences, where women have long received less recognition for
their work than men. " (这是第一次有两位女性同时获得诺贝尔化学奖在科学领域，女性获奖者的数量很少，长期以来，女性在科学领域的工作得到的认可一直低于男性)此处提到的是女性科学家获得诺贝尔奖的人数较少，并没有提到她们比其他的女性工作更努力，排除B。第二段第一句提到"It was the first time two
women had won the chemistry Nobel together" (这是第一次有两名女性同时获得诺贝尔化学奖) 由此可知，她们是第一对获得诺贝尔奖的女性，排除D。第一段第一句提到"Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing
a way of editing genes"(两名科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖)，由此可知她们提出了一种新的基因编辑的方法，C项符合题意。故选C。
13．推理判断题。第三段提到诺贝尔化学委员会78 Claes Gustafsson对于两位女性科学家获得诺贝尔化学奖的感受，"There is great power in this genetic tool, which affects us
all. It has not only made huge progress in basic science, but also led to
advances in new medical treatments. "(这种基因工具蕴含着巨大的力量，它影响着我们所有人。它不仅在基础科学方面取得了巨大的进步，还引领了新的医学治疗方法的进步。)由此判断Claes Gustafsson对于这个基因工具是一种支持的态度。故选A。
14．细节理解题。 第四段提到Charpentier获奖时的想法, "Strangely enough I was told a number of times that I'd win,
but when it happens you're very surprised"(奇怪的是，很多次我都被告知我会赢，但当它真的发生时，你会非常惊讶。)，第五段提到Doudna获奖时的想法"I
actually just found out I'm in shock"(我刚刚才发现自己很震惊。)可知，两位科学家在得知自己获奖时都是非常惊讶的状态。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。 第一段第一句提到"Two scientists won
the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因),which offers the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的)diseases. "(两名科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖，这种方法有望在未来治愈遗传疾病。)结合文章内容，后文提到基因编辑工具对医学治疗方面的影响等方面，由此判断，文章讲述了两位科学家因基因编辑方法而获得诺贝尔奖的故事。故选D。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
"Learn from failure. " This article is to make you understand
some key points about learning from failure. 16． Or, if you are new to this
thing called "failure", then it will serve as a beginning to better success.
Here are some tips for learning from failure:
·Take the risk and pay the price.
17． Think about the entrepreneurs(企业家), scientists, leaders, and businesses that took
the path less trodden(踩踏的) and how they were rewarded handsomely.
If you pay the price with the risk you take, the returns may surprise you. "But,
what if I fail " you ask. 18．
No one is perfect, so failure is absolutely acceptable. The proverb
that we learn from failure is true. The lessons are there for you to understand
and do better next time.
·Realize experience is the best teacher.
People say experience is the best teacher. If you accept that to be
true then you need to accept failure as one of the many lessons you gain from experience.
It's that simple. 19．
·Allow yourself the freedom to fail.
20． If you are safe all the time, then you are not giving yourself
the opportunity to learn from failure. Give yourself the freedom to fail and see
how the lessons of success open up for you.
A. Know it's okay to fail.
B. Nothing ventured(冒险), nothing gained.
C. Let the fear of failure help you succeed.
D. Think about failures as lessons in the journey of life.
E. Ready to learn from failure so you can find career success.
F. When you are too cautious, you do not allow yourself to take any
risks.
G. Lessons you probably are very familiar with but need reminders about.
【答案】16．C；17．B；18．A；19．D；20．E
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
16．根据上一句This article is to make you
understand some key points about learning from failure. (本文旨在让您了解从失败中学习的一些要点。)可知，此处说的是让您了解从失败中学习的一些要点。所以C. Let the fear
of failure help you succeed. (让对失败的恐惧帮助你成功。)符合语境。故选C。
17．根据上一句Take the risk and pay the price. (承担风险并付出代价。)可知，此处说的是承担风险并付出代价。所以B. Nothing ventured(冒险), nothing gained. (没有冒险，就没有收获。)符合语境。故选。
18．根据下一句No one is perfect, so failure is absolutely acceptable. (没有人是完美的,所以失败是绝对可以接受的。)可知，此处说的是失败是绝对可以接受的。所以A. Know it's okay to fail. (知道失败是可以的。)符合语境。故选A。
19．根据上一句If you accept that to be true then you need to accept failure as one
of the many lessons you gain from experience. (如果你承认这是真的，那么你需要接受失败，将其作为你从经验中获得的众多教训之一。)可知，此处说的是失败是一种教训。所以D. Think about failures
as lessons in the journey of life. (把失败看作人生旅途中的教训。)符合语境。故选D。
20．根据上一句If you are safe all the time, then you are not giving yourself the
opportunity to learn from failure. (如果你一直都很安全，那么你就没有机会从失败中学习。)可知此处说的是不要害怕失败。所以E. Ready to learn from
failure so you can find career success. (准备好从失败中学习，这样你才能找到事业. 上的成功。)符合语境。故选E。
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up, I always heard people say work hard pays; that working
hard is a virtue. I never really understood the 21． of these words until I reached
the age where my parents 22． giving
me my monthly allowance and asked me to 23． a job.
New Year is a season of good news either for merrymakers or for business.
My childhood friend was one of the 24． . Although we grew up together, Mike and I were two sides of the same
coin. Therefore, while I 25． the
festive season as another time of the year when people overindulge (放任),he saw it as a 26． time to make money. 27． , I needed this side of him, considering my present 28． .
Mike was not of the "work hard pays" school of thought,but
the "work smart" school of thought. When I 29． him about my difficulty, he saw
a business 30． . He told me about his business idea — making
New Year presents and 31． them
on credit. Of course, he 32． my
disbelief and lack of 33． in
his idea. At this point, he told me he had 34． and realized that only one shop
sold New Year presents, and the price was very 35． . To make the story short, we made our New Year presents and hit the
road 36． .
News about our New Year presents 37． like wildfire. Within three days,we
had sold about 20 New Year presents, and as they say, the rest is history.
My parents' 38． to
stop my monthly allowance served to teach me the 39． of work. However, it was my business
adventure with Mike that taught me that working smart is 40． than working hard.
21．A．explanation B．meaning C．secret D．trick
22．A．enjoyed B．allowed C．considered D．stopped
23．A．look for B．take over C．turn down D．agree to
24．A．latter B．former C．first D．last
25．A．doubted B．guessed C．saw D．knew
26．A．usual B．fixed C．perfect D．prepared
27．A．Strangely B．Interestingly C．Finally D．Traditionally
28．A．difficulty B．fortune C．happiness D．chance
29．A．argued B．quarreled C．told D．wrote
30．A．expert B．newcomer C．competitor D．partner
31．A．renting B．exchanging C．selling D．purchasing
32．A．noticed B．removed C．lost D．understood
33．A．courage B．relief C．spirit D．enthusiasm
34．A．dreamed B．researched C．accepted D．answered
35．A．low B．high C．reasonable D．fair
36．A．running B．resting C．falling D．building
37．A．wandered B．spread C．burnt D．disappeared
38．A．expectation B．contribution C．determination D．decision
39．A．strength B．energy C．value D．sort
40．A．bigger B．more C．louder D．better
【答案】21．B；22．D；23．A；24．A；25．C；26．C；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．D；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．B；36．A；37．B；38．D；39．C；40．D
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
21．考查名词。根据句意可知,作者以前不明白人们常说的这些话的真正意义,meaning,意义。
22．考查动词。由最后一段中58空后得知,是父母亲停止给作者零花钱,并让作者找一份工作,stopped,停止。
23．考查动词短语。详见2解析,look for,寻找。
24．考查形容词。从下文卖新年礼物可推知,作者朋友是属于for business的人,latter,后者。
25．考查动词。根据下一句中saw. . .
as. . . 可知,此处指作者把节日看作是人们放任寻乐的好时机,而作者的朋友却看作是赚钱的良机,saw,看作。
26．考查形容词。详见45解析,perfect,完美的。
27．考查副词。作者和朋友是不同的两类人,但现在需要朋友的这种视野来帮助自己度过难关,因此觉得很有意思,interestingly,有趣的是。
28．考查名词。详见7解析,difficulty,困难。
29．考查动词。作者把自己的困境告诉了朋友,told,告诉。
30．考查名词。从下文可知作者和朋友一起去卖新年礼物,可推知朋友把作者当成了合作伙伴,partner,伙伴。
31．考查动词。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,他们是在卖新年礼物,selling,卖。
32．考查动词。朋友提出这个想法的时候,也注意到了作者的质疑和缺乏激情,noticed,注意到。
33．考查名词。详见12解析,enthusiasm,热情。
34．考查动词。根据句意可知,关于这个问题,作者的朋友说已经做过研究,只有一家商店卖新年礼物,而且价格较高,researched,研究。
35．考查形容词。详见14解析,high,高。
36．考查动词。长话短说,作者和朋友做好礼物就行动了,miming,使……运行。
37．考查动词。卖礼物的消息像野火一样传播的很快,spread,传播。
38．考查名词。正是父母亲的决定才让作者有机会明白工作的价值,decision,决定。
39．考查名词。详见18解析,value,价值。
40．考查形容词。正是这次和朋友的商业之旅,让作者明白聪明地工作比努力工作更好,better,更好。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese
people take tree planting 41． (serious). President Xi Jinping 42． (join) local
residents for tree planting in the capital's suburbs in March this year—his 10th
successive 43． (present) at the annual activity since he became China's top leader.
Xi said that by joining other volunteers to plant trees, he wants to make his contribution
to building 44． green and beautiful China, and encourage society, especially
the youth, 45． (promote) ecological advancement.
When the People's
Republic of China 46． (found) in 1949, forests covered only 8. 6 percent of the
country's land area. The constant use of wood for cooking and heating had denuded(使变光秃) forests and reduced the green cover, 47． (result)
in environmental deterioration and desertification. It was under such circumstances
that China launched national tree-planting campaign to build forest belts. Thanks
to nationwide efforts, last year, it was reported that forest cover has increased
to 23 percent of the country's land territory, 48． spread over 220 million hectares.
As a leader
who in his youth toiled(辛苦工作) 49． a farmer on the almost barren(贫瘠的) Loess
Plateau for seven years, Xi knows better than many 50． forests mean to a nation.
The concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets"
has become a motto for China's future development.
【答案】41．seriously；42．joined；43．presence；44．a；45．to promote；46．was founded；47．resulting；48．and；49．as；50．what
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
41．考查副词。句意:中国人很重视植树。固定短语take. . . seriously意为to think that sb. /sth.
is important and deserves your attention and respect"认真对待"符合句意。故填seriously。
42．考查动词时态。句意:事实上，123 78 今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动，这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语in March this year可知此句为一般过去时,故填joined。
43．考查名词。句意:事实上,123 78 今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动,这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。根据空前的"his 10th successive"可知设空处应为名词,所给词present的名词presence意为"出席，在场"符合句意, presence意为"出席，在场"时为不可数名词, 故填presence。
44．考查冠词。句意:123 78 说，通过和其他志愿者一起植树, 他想为建设一个绿色美丽的中国做出自己的贡献，并鼓励社会,特别是年轻人，促进生态发展。根据句意可知此处指"一个绿色美丽的中国",表泛指,所以用不定冠词，空后为"green"，起始音为辅音,故填a。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意:123 78 说，通过和其他志愿者一起植树, 他想为建设一个绿色美丽的中国做出自己的贡献，并鼓励社会，特别是年轻人，促进生态发展。固定搭配encourage sb to do sth意为"鼓励某人做某事"，所以设空处填不定式作宾语补足语，故填to promote。
46．考查时态和语态。句意: 1949年中华人民共和国成立时，森林仅占国土面积的8. 6%。设空处是从句的谓语动词，从句的主语the People's Republic
of China与found是被动关系,根据时间状语in 1949可知此从句为一般过去时，故填was founded
47．考查非谓语动词。句意:持续使用木材做饭和取暖已经造成森林退化，绿色植被减少,导致环境恶化和荒漠化。"_____(result) in environmental
deterioration and desertification"在句中做结果状语，"持续使用木材做饭和取暖已经造成森林退化，绿色植被减少,"与result in之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词,故填resulting.
48．考查连词。句意:据报道，由于全国范围的努力，去年森林覆盖率已增加到国土面积的23%,覆盖面积超过2. 2亿公顷。设空处连接谓语动词increased和spread,两者为并列关系，故填and.
49．考查介词。句意:作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，123 比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。介词as意为"作为，以……身份"符合句意，故填as。
50．考查名词性从句连接词。句意:作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，123 比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。句子分析可知"_____ forests mean to a nation"作knows的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作mean的宾语，表示"意味着什么"，故填what。
五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2）只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nowadays, have sports is becoming
more and more popular. As we know, a person who keeps on taking exercise regular
will keep fit and live happy life.
My favorite sport is playing basketball.
After school I usually spent half an hour on it, that not only builds up my body
but also makes me refreshed. Playing basketball help me relax after a period of
tired study and improves my study efficiency. Besides, because playing basketball
needs cooperation, so I have learned the spirit of teamwork. It is also a good way
for me to make new friend. In a word, playing basketball enriches my life and makes
me more confidence.
Come on! Let's do sports together
and enjoy a healthy life.
【答案】①have→having ②regular→regularly③happy前加a④spent→spend⑤that→which⑥help→helps⑦tired→tiring⑧去掉so⑨friend→friends⑩confidence→confident
【解析】【分析】
（1）本句谓语动词为is becoming，is前面为主语， 应用动名词，表示一般性、经常性动作，故将have政为having。
（2）修饰taking应用副词，故将regular改为regularly。
（3）live a happy life为固定短语，意为"过快乐的生活"。故在live后加a。
（4）此处用一般现在时表述习惯性的动作，应将 spent 改为 spend。
（5）句意为:放学后我通常花半小时的时间打篮球， 这不仅能增强我的体格，而且使我精神焕发。
逗号后面的句子修饰逗号前提到的那件事，为非限制性定语从句，不能用that引导，故将that改为which。
（6）主语为Playing basketball,为单数概念，且根据全文时态可知，此处时态为一般现在时，故将help改为helps。
（7）修饰名词study，表示"令人疲惫的"，应用-ing形式的形容词，故将tired改为tiring。
（8）because表示原因，so表示结果，二者不可同时出现在一个句子中。故删除so。
（9）根据语境可知"交新朋友"不止一个，且"交朋友"的固定表达为make friends。故将friend改为friends。
（10）"make sb +adj. "为固定结构，意为"使某人……"，此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。故将confidence改为 confident。
【点评】
六、书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）假定你是学校英语杂志社记者，上周你校开展了给贫困地区学生捐赠"爱心包裹"的活动。请写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
1）活动时间与地点；
2）活动过程；
3）活动意义。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Loving Parcels for Students in Need
【答案】Loving Parcels for Students in Need
In order to help the students in the poverty-stricken areas, a "Loving Parcels" donation activity was successfully held in our school hall last week.
All of the teachers and students took an active part in the activity. They donated their clothes, books and schoolbags to the students in need. In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes on cards, which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.
Not only did the activity help us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them but it also taught us that we should value what we have.
【解析】【分析】
【点评】
