2025北京版新教材英语高考第一轮
人与自然·灾害防范与宇宙探索
主题二十 自然灾害防范与奥秘探索
词汇清单
基 础 词 汇 名词: flood洪水 drought干旱 hurricane飓风 eruption爆发 wildlife野生动植物 comment评论 landscape风景 weed野草 captain队长 brochure小册子 shelter避难所 soil土壤 climate气候 ecology生态 boot靴子 continent洲 metal金属 jungle丛林 lecture讲座 million百万 typhoon台风 title题目 wave海浪 file档案 earthquake地震 mystery神秘事物 soul灵魂 explorer探险者 exploration探险 originality独创性 extent面积 thunderstorm雷暴 vehicle交通工具 death死亡 damage伤害 operation行动 site场所 process过程 battle较量 duty职责 lamp灯 base基地 disappearance消亡
动词: shock使震惊 overuse过度使用 escape逃离 survive幸存 attempt尝试 interrupt打断 measure测量 conduct实施 breathe呼吸 ski滑雪 prove证明
形容词、副词: volcanic火山的 living活着的 horrible可怕的 equal相等的 harmless无害的 polar极地的 cheerful高兴的 scary可怕的 overseas在海外 nearby附近
词 汇 变 形 frighten v.使惊吓 →frightened adj.受惊的 ambition n.抱负 →ambitious adj.有雄心的 curious adj.好奇的 →curiosity n.好奇心 distant adj.遥远的 →distance n.距离 observe v.观察 →observation n.观察 honest adj.诚实的 →honesty n.正直 suffer v.遭受 →suffering n.痛苦 sincere adj.真诚的 →sincerity n.真诚 protect v.保护 →protection n.保护 brave adj.勇敢的 →bravery n.勇气 dust n.灰尘 →dusty adj.布满灰尘的 prepare v.准备 →preparation n.预备
主 题 词 块 risk doing冒险做 be covered with被……笼罩 fall into掉入,陷入 natural disaster rescue自然灾害救援 provide medical help提供医疗帮助 receive a message收到信息 make rapid progress进展迅速 on the edge of the whirlpool在漩涡边缘 become curious about对……产生好奇 reduce suffering and the loss of life 减少痛苦和生命损失 terrible disease可怕的疾病 have great difficulty in walking走路很困难
即练即清
一、选词填空
阅读下列句子,选择恰当的词或短语,并用其正确形式填空。其中有一项为多余选项。
A
disaster wildlife rescue shelter edge lecture
1. Workers built for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (人教B1U4)
2. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to
and to our planet. (人教B2U2)
3. On a global level, our entire human civilization may be heading towards
unless we work together to save our environment.
4. John Carter was rescued from the sea near his holiday home yesterday. The accident happened while he was walking along a steep cliff at the ① of the sea. He was blown off by a strong wind and fell into the sea, 30 meters below. Luckily, a woman saw him in the sea soon afterwards and she called the police ② service.
B
vehicle damage process duty extent comment
5. As a chef, it was my to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. But it was difficult. (人教XB3U4)
6. I had spent days in preparing for my first English paper. I knew I did a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive .
7. Set ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting on the road. (外研XB4U4)
8. Making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The also produces more greenhouse gases.
(外研B2U6)
9. To prevent to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges were built between Golmud and Lhasa. We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem. (外研XB1U6)
C
overuse escape interrupt breathe prove fall into
10. When Elvis Presley died on August 16th, 1977, radio and television programs all over the world to give the news of his death.
11. You've been studying hard for your midterm, but when you walk into your exam, your mind goes blank, your heart races fast, you get sweaty palms and find it hard .
12. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, people might the icy water below.
13. Tangshan city to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. (人教B1U4)
14. On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family
to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.
二、词汇变形
阅读下列句子,用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。
15. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a (dust) track covered in weeds. (人教XB4U4)
16. In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental
(protect).
17. We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their
(curious). (2023朝阳一模)
18. Although they shared the same (ambition) and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways. (外研XB4U1)
19. We all know that (honest) is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they've never told a lie (外研B3U1)
能力提升练
一、听后记录并转述(改编自北师B2U5 Writing Workshop)
第一节 听后记录
听两遍短文,根据所听内容和提示,将所缺的关键信息填写在相应位置上,每空只需填写一个词。
How to Survive an Earthquake
Make full preparations Attend some earthquake related lectures and do some earthquake 1. . Prepare some 2. supplies.
Protect yourself If you're indoors, don't run and choose a safe 3. . If you're outdoors, move away from anything that can fall and find a shelter.
Check yourself and surroundings Check your body. Check for 4. .
第二节 听后转述
听第三遍短文,根据所听内容和提示,完成转述。
Sam Smith gives us some tips on how to survive an earthquake...
二、朗读短文回答问题(改编自北师B2U5 Reading Club 1)
朗读短文,根据短文内容口头回答问题。
New Zealand is a country in the South Pacific. It has a total area of about 270,000 square kilometres and has two large islands, as well as other smaller islands. You can get four seasons in one day because New Zealand has a varied climate that changes a lot from place to place! Almost every geographical feature in the world can be found in New Zealand—forests, mountains, deserts, beaches and volcanoes. New Zealand is home to nearly 4.7 million people, 31 million sheep and 10 million cows. It has a lot of unique native animals, including fish, insects, birds and frogs. However, it is one of the few countries in the world without snakes.
Question 1: How large is New Zealand
Question 2: Why can you get four seasons in one day in New Zealand
Question 3: List two facts about New Zealand which show its uniqueness.
三、阅读表达(改编自北师B2U5 Lesson 3)
On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too. Then the race to the South Pole began!
Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.
Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey. Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912, ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912. They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. They lost the goal of their ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing. The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realise their hopeless situation.
However, on their way back they found time to look for rocks. They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them. Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
Then disaster came. Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. They were getting weaker and weaker.
The news of Scott's death shocked the world. Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man”. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
1. What happened to Scott's team soon after they began their journey to the South Pole
2. What was the value of the rocks that Scott's team found
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Scott and two of his team members carried on and reached one of their food bases.
4. Would you say that Scott and his team were losers Why or why not (In about 40 words)
人与自然·灾害防范与宇宙探索
主题二十 自然灾害防范与奥秘探索
即练即清
一、选词填空
阅读下列句子,选择恰当的词或短语,并用其正确形式填空。其中有一项为多余选项。
A
disaster wildlife rescue shelter edge lecture
1. Workers built for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (人教B1U4)
2. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to
and to our planet. (人教B2U2)
3. On a global level, our entire human civilization may be heading towards
unless we work together to save our environment.
4. John Carter was rescued from the sea near his holiday home yesterday. The accident happened while he was walking along a steep cliff at the ① of the sea. He was blown off by a strong wind and fell into the sea, 30 meters below. Luckily, a woman saw him in the sea soon afterwards and she called the police ② service.
答案
1. shelters 2. wildlife 3. disaster 4. ①edge ②rescue
B
vehicle damage process duty extent comment
5. As a chef, it was my to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. But it was difficult. (人教XB3U4)
6. I had spent days in preparing for my first English paper. I knew I did a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive .
7. Set ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting on the road. (外研XB4U4)
8. Making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The also produces more greenhouse gases.
(外研B2U6)
9. To prevent to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges were built between Golmud and Lhasa. We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem. (外研XB1U6)
答案
5. duty 6. comment 7. vehicles 8. process 9. damage
C
overuse escape interrupt breathe prove fall into
10. When Elvis Presley died on August 16th, 1977, radio and television programs all over the world to give the news of his death.
11. You've been studying hard for your midterm, but when you walk into your exam, your mind goes blank, your heart races fast, you get sweaty palms and find it hard .
12. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, people might the icy water below.
13. Tangshan city to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. (人教B1U4)
14. On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family
to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.
答案
10. were interrupted 11. to breathe 12. fall into 13. proved/has proved 14. escaped
二、词汇变形
阅读下列句子,用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。
15. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a (dust) track covered in weeds. (人教XB4U4)
16. In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental
(protect).
17. We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their
(curious). (2023朝阳一模)
18. Although they shared the same (ambition) and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways. (外研XB4U1)
19. We all know that (honest) is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they've never told a lie (外研B3U1)
答案
15. dusty 16. protection 17. curiosity 18. ambitious 19. honesty
能力提升练
一、听后记录并转述(改编自北师B2U5 Writing Workshop)
第一节 听后记录
听两遍短文,根据所听内容和提示,将所缺的关键信息填写在相应位置上,每空只需填写一个词。
How to Survive an Earthquake
Make full preparations Attend some earthquake related lectures and do some earthquake 1. . Prepare some 2. supplies.
Protect yourself If you're indoors, don't run and choose a safe 3. . If you're outdoors, move away from anything that can fall and find a shelter.
Check yourself and surroundings Check your body. Check for 4. .
答案
1. practice 2. emergency 3. posture 4. damage
第二节 听后转述
听第三遍短文,根据所听内容和提示,完成转述。
Sam Smith gives us some tips on how to survive an earthquake...
答案
Sam Smith gives us some tips on how to survive an earthquake.
First, make full preparations. We should attend some earthquake related lectures and do some earthquake practice. We should also prepare some emergency supplies, such as flashlights, batteries, bottled water and so on.
Second, when the earthquake occurs, we should protect ourselves. If we are indoors, we shouldn't run and we should choose a safe posture. We can cover our head and neck with our hands, arms or hard objects. If we're outdoors, we must move away from anything that can fall and find a shelter.
Third, check ourselves and surroundings. When the earthquake is over, the first thing we need to do is to check our body. Then, we should check for damage. If our building is badly damaged, we should leave it until it has been inspected by a safety professional.
二、朗读短文回答问题(改编自北师B2U5 Reading Club 1)
朗读短文,根据短文内容口头回答问题。
New Zealand is a country in the South Pacific. It has a total area of about 270,000 square kilometres and has two large islands, as well as other smaller islands. You can get four seasons in one day because New Zealand has a varied climate that changes a lot from place to place! Almost every geographical feature in the world can be found in New Zealand—forests, mountains, deserts, beaches and volcanoes. New Zealand is home to nearly 4.7 million people, 31 million sheep and 10 million cows. It has a lot of unique native animals, including fish, insects, birds and frogs. However, it is one of the few countries in the world without snakes.
Question 1: How large is New Zealand
Question 2: Why can you get four seasons in one day in New Zealand
Question 3: List two facts about New Zealand which show its uniqueness.
答案
1. About 270,000 square kilometres.
2. Because New Zealand has a varied climate that changes a lot from place to place.
3. ①It has a lot more sheep than people. ②It doesn't have any snakes. ③Almost every geographical feature in the world can be found there. ④It has a varied climate. ⑤It has a lot of unique native animals.(任意说出两点即可)
三、阅读表达(改编自北师B2U5 Lesson 3)
On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too. Then the race to the South Pole began!
Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.
Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey. Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912, ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912. They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. They lost the goal of their ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing. The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realise their hopeless situation.
However, on their way back they found time to look for rocks. They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them. Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
Then disaster came. Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. They were getting weaker and weaker.
The news of Scott's death shocked the world. Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man”. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
1. What happened to Scott's team soon after they began their journey to the South Pole
2. What was the value of the rocks that Scott's team found
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Scott and two of his team members carried on and reached one of their food bases.
4. Would you say that Scott and his team were losers Why or why not (In about 40 words)
答案
1. Two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
2. These rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
3. Scott and two of his team members carried on and reached one of their food bases.
According to the passage, Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But a terrible storm hit and they died. So, they didn't reach the food base.
4. One possible version:
They weren't losers. They showed true determination and strength of character which is seen in heroes. They carried the rocks even in extremely difficult situations. The spirit and what they have done helped followers do further research.
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