练习01——完型填空·人与社会·爱心善举
Traffic police in Wuhan, Hubei Province, have finished the wish of a sick 5-year-old. They 1 her to be a traffic officer for a day.
Liu Yihan was diagnosed(诊断)with a rare (罕见的) cancer that chiefly affects children under the age of 5, in November last year. She has a 2 love of traffic police born of her to keep everyone safe. Liu never complains to her mother Hu Yuting, 3 her wish to be a traffic officer really touched her mother's heart.
“I hope her dream is strong enough to get her through treatment, which will be 4 ,” Hu said. When she told her daughter’s story to the traffic police brigade in Qiaokou District, the community where the family lives, they were moved and 5 to help Liu’s wish come true.
Du Zewen, an officer with the brigade, said that the chief officers decided to help the mother and the little girl. He told the other members of the brigade, “We must help the little girl’s 6 of becoming a traffice officer come true. She is so 7 , but she is suffering(忍受) from such a painful disease.”
On the afternoon of September 20, Liu and her mother were warmly welcomed by the brigade. They 8 her in a specially made uniform and told her that she was a “visiting policewoman”. Little Liu was taken through the daily routine of a traffic officer and taught a few basic 9 .She was excited and soon went on duty with the other members.
Just as her daylong experience was about to finish, the vice-director said, “As your commander(指挥官)”, I have two 10 . First, listen to your mother and finish your treatment. Second, study hard and exercise to become a real traffic policewoman!”
( ) A. wished B.wanted C.told D.invited
( ) A. particular B.common C.cold D.similar
( ) A.or B.so C.and D.but
( ) A.popular B.comfortable C.difficult D.wonderful
( ) A.refused B.promised C.allowed D.disagreed
( ) A.dream B.problem C.suggestion D.reality
( ) A.tall B.thin C.young D.clever
( ) A.put B.dressed C.threw D.poured
( ) A.rules B.words C.jobs D.games
( ) A.letters B.ideas C.ways D.orders
练习02——完形填空·人与自然·污水处理
Scientists in Switzerland have used lasers (激光) to change the path of a lightning strike (袭击).The experiment suggests that in the future, lasers might be 1 for protecting large buildings from lightning.
The experiment was carried out on S ntis mountain in Switzerland, near a radio and TV tower 2 was hit by lightning about 100 times a year. Using a special laser, the researchers were able to guide the lightning strike.
Lightning can be 3 and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people.
Scientists have been trying to find a 4 to protect buildings from lightning for a long time.
At the present time, the best way to protect buildings from lightning is by putting metal rods (杆) on the 5 . These rods are connected to the ground. The lightning is attracted to the rods, which 6 guide the electricity into the ground.
Another idea is to use lasers to guide lightning. The idea of using lasers to guide lightning isn't 7 . Scientists have been working on the idea for over 20 years. They have successfully guided lightning with lasers 8 a laboratory.
But until recently, scientists haven't been able to guide lightning with lasers outside. That 9 in the summer of 2021. Scientists in Switzerland succeeded in guiding lightning. The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The lightning can 10 this path almost as if it were a lightning rod.
( ) 1.A.dangerous B.useful C.impossible D.simple
( ) 2.A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
( ) 3.A.interesting B.common C.bright D.powerful
( ) 4.A.way B.rod C.road D.laser
( ) 5.A.mountain B.buildings C.towers D.ground
( ) 6.A.slowly B.exactly C.safely D.hardly
( ) 7.A.old B.new C.long D.short
( ) 8.A.behind B.outside C.through D.inside
( ) 9.A.appeared B.changed C.imagined D.happened
( ) 10.A.follow B.burn C.invent D.lead
练习03——完形填空·人与自我·生活态度
In 1991, a photograph of the then 8-year-old Su Mingjuan, with a pair of large, clear eyes crying for knowledge, 1 the hearts of numerous people. She has recently come back in the national spotlight as a delegate (代表) to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Su was born to a 2 farming family in Jinzhai, East China's Anhui Province. The picture of Su, then a first-grader, was 3 by a photographer who went into the remote mountainous areas. He wanted to see 4 the Project Hope had helped rural dropouts (辍学者).
Over the past thirty years, it has made a 5 in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide, among which is Su. The picture of Su, 6 “I want to go to school”, has been reprinted nationwide in newspapers. And it has since become a 7 of the country's efforts to improve nine-year compulsory (义务的) education.
After being famous, Su 8 lots of help from across the country. Her family no longer needed to worry about 9 her school. Su's school was originally seated at a traditional temple with the classrooms only having paper-covered windows full of holes. It was changed into a(n) 10 building later. It has big classrooms with computers now.
Su Mingjuan went to Anhui University in 2002. After 11 , she worked in a bank. To repay the 12 from the people who have helped her, Su gave away the salary (工资) of her first month to Project Hope. Since then, she has given 13 1,000 yuan every month to help rural students from poor families.
In 2018, she used 30,000 yuan from her savings to 14 a student assistance (援助) fund. To date, the fund has raised around 5 million yuan, and helped set up five Hope Schools.
Su attended the CPC national congress in Beijing 15 a member of the Anhui delegation. She used to receive help from Project Hope, and now she is calling for more people to provide better education to all children.
( ) 1 A.touched B.woke C.beat D.harmed
( ) 2 A.rich B.poor C.big D.small
( ) 3 A.brought B.lent C.borrowed D.taken
( ) 4 A.when B.where C.how D.why
( ) 5 A.decision B.difference C.mistake D.promise
( ) 6 A.written B.heard C.named D.read
( ) 7 A.symbol B.beginning C.note D.map
( ) 8 A.dreamed B.followed C.allowed D.received
( ) 9 A.setting up B.paying for C.giving up D.asking for
( ) 10 A.short B.old C.new D.ugly
( ) 11 A.graduation B.education C.vacation D.tradition
( ) 12 A.luckiness B.business C.happiness D.kindness
( ) 13 A.off B.away C.out D.in
( ) 14 A.see B.miss C.build D.break
( ) 15 A.as B.like C.for D.with
练习04——阅读理解·人与社会·安全救护
Every year around 263,000 people worldwide die from drowning (溺水). And while we may think that a drowning person thrashes about and waves for help, real-life drownings often happen quickly and silently.
Adrian Plazas is a former lifeguard. He knows this all too well. Several years ago, when he and his business partner, Enrique Fernandez, witnessed (目睹) a woman drowning, they tried to help her, but it was too late. This made Adrian very sad.
Now, Adrian is the boss of General Drones, a company he founded with Enrique, whose work was making drones. The two worked together to create a search-and-rescue drone that can help prevent drowning.
If lifeguards notice a person in distress in the water, they can notify (通知) a drone pilot, who's also at the beach and can send the drone out directly to the person. The pilot locates the person with the help of a camera the drone has, which can reach him/her in just a few seconds.
“This is important," says Adrian. "Because ▲ .” The drone then drops a life vest to the person. The life vest goes around the person and fiIls up with air so they can float (漂浮). By staying above the person, the drone helps the lifeguard quickly locate the person who is struggling in the water.
Adrian and Enrique started working on this project in 2015. It took a long time because they had to design it specifically for the beach. The beach can be hard for machines because of the sun, wind and water.
To date, their drones have helped in more than 60 emergencies at 22 beaches in Spain. Adrian hopes that more people will help him so they can expand their services in other countries too.
According to the passage, most drownings happen ________.
A.quickly without sound B.loudly with lots of movement
C.slowly with much noise D.slowly with lots of movement
What might inspire Adrian Plazas to start General Drones
A.His experience as a lifeguard. B.His interest in drone technology.
C.His dream to prevent drownings. D.His friendship with Enrique Fernandez.
Which of the following can be put into _______ in paragraph 5
A.the lifeguards are trained well B.the lifeguards have more time to arrive
C.the lifeguards play an important role D.the lifeguards knew water safety well
The underlined word “expand” in the last paragraph means “_______”.
A.talk more B.add details C.make a plan D.make wider
练习05——阅读理解·人与自然·物种入侵
Colombia is going to send hippos to India and Mexico.
In the 1980s, four hippos were carried into Colombia from Africa, which was not allowed by the law. They lived in the Hacienda Napoles property along the Magdalena River, which is about 200 kilometers from Bogota, the capital of Colombia. The animals’ numbers have increased now.
The hippos weigh up to three tons, and they are aggressive because they will readily protect their territory (领地), both in and out of the water. They have spread far beyond the property. Environmental officials say there are about 130 hippos in the area. The experts say the hippo population there could reach 400 in eight years.
Now Hacienda Napoles and the hippos have become a tourist attraction (旅游景点).
Scientists warn the hippos do not have a natural predator (捕食性动物) in Colombia. The animals also could be a problem for biodiversity as the waste they produce could do harm to native animals in the river. Last year, Colombia’s government decided to treat the hippos as a kind of harmful invasive (入侵的) species.
The plan to take the animals ti India and Mexico has been forming for more than a year. The plan is to send 60 hippos to India. Another 10 hippos will go to zoos and protected areas in Mexico.
The plan aims to catch the hippos living in the rivers around the Hacienda Napoles property. The ones on the property are not a concern. Officials say those hippos are in a controlled environment and do not influence the local environment.
The underlined word “aggressive ” in Paragraph 3 means “_____” in Chinese.
温和的 B. 硕大的 C. 好斗的 D. 食肉的
There are more and more hippos in Colombia because _____.
they are one of the invasive animals
they have become a tourist attraction
they have no natural predator in Colombia
they are protected by environmental officials
What problem have hippos caused in Colombia
They are harmful to the native animals.
They make an attack on tourists.
They weigh three tons and eat too much.
They have polluted the water people drink.
How many hippos will be sent away from Colombia
60 B. 70 C. 130 D. 400
练习06——阅读理解·人与自我·自我认识
Do you compare yourself to other people Perhaps your best friend received something you really wanted for Christmas, or you're not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.
Why does focusing on me matter “We prefer to compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves,” says psychologist (心理学家) Nicola Abbott. “But comparing your achievements to your past self (where you started) and your future self (where you'd like to get to) can be more positive.” This can make you feel proud of what you've achieved and excited about what you might do. Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.
Do comparisons make you unhappy Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it's important to be realistic and remember that nobody is perfect, especially online and on social media. Taking note of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too.
If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you're good at. Antrobus agrees. She says that asking yourself questions like “ ▲ ,” “What do I feel proud of ” and “What improvements can I notice ” can help to improve your self-esteem (how positive you feel about yourself).
“Jealousy(忌妒) is an ordinary feeling,” says Antrobus, "but focusing on improving your own performance can help you feel just as successful. Besides, learning to celebrate your friend's achievements can help not only to improve your friend's feeling but can also help you feel good. “It will encourage you to build each other up.”
1 The underlined phrase “focusing on” means “_____”.
taking part in B. paying attention to C. playing a role in D. making use of
2 According to Paragraph 2, Nicola Abbott agrees that it's better to compare _______.
A. your failures with your past self and future self B. yourselves to others who are doing better
C. yourselves to others who are doing worse D. your achievements to your past self and future self
3 Which paragraph talks about the meaning of comparing yourself to others
Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraph 4.
4 Which of the following can be put into “ ▲ ” in the fourth paragraph
Who am I B. What am I good at C. How can I help you D.Where do I come from
5 The purpose of the last paragraph is to suggest_________.
not arguing with those around you B. trying to do better than those around you
C. not minding the feeling of being jealous D. learning to congratulate your friends on their progress
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文本分析01—— 完型填空·人与社会·爱心善举
一、答案解析
语篇大意：武汉5岁女孩刘奕涵惠有罕见癌症。当她的妈妈把她想当交警的愿望告诉他们家所在的硚口区交警大队后，交警们被感动了，并帮助她当了一天交警。
1.D invited v. 邀请。上文提及武汉交警完成了一名5岁生病女孩的愿望，下文对应：邀请她当一天交警。
2.A particular adj.尤其的，特别的。由语境和选项可知，此处指她特别喜爱交警，源于她希望保证每个人的安全。
3.D but conj. 但是。上文“从不向母亲抱怨”与下文“她想成为一名交警的愿望真的触动了母亲的心”之间为转折关系，用but 连接两个分句。
4.C difficult adj. 困难的，艰难的。第二段提及刘奕涵患有罕见癌症，本句表示：治疗过程会很艰难。
5.B promised v.承诺。上文提及交警大队被感动了，下文对应表示：他们承诺帮助刘奕涵实现愿望。
6.A dream 一个梦想，dream n.梦想。由语境可知，此处指一名交警大队警官表示他们必须帮助这个小女孩实现成为交警的梦想。
7.C young adj.年轻的，年幼的。第一段提及完成5 岁女孩的愿望，本句对应表示：她这么小，却要忍受如此痛苦的疾病。
8.B dressed v.给（某人）穿衣服。上文提及刘奕涵和她的妈妈受到交警大队的热情欢迎，下文对应表示给她穿上特制的警服。
9.A rules n.规则，规章。由语境可知，此处指刘奕涵被传授了一些基本的交通规则。
10.D orders n.命令。由语境可知，此处指作为你的指挥官，“我”有两个命令。
二、生词短语
生词
chiefly [ t i fl ] adv. 首要地, 主要地
particular [p t kj l (r)] adj. 尤其的，特别的
commander [k mɑ nd (r)] n. 指挥官
短语
be diagnosed with:被诊断为
a rare cancer 一种罕见的癌症
complain to sb.: 向某人控诉、抱怨
get her through treatment: 使她度过治疗
get through : 完成（作业、任务等），熬过困难或不愉快的时期）
suffer from：忍受，遭受
daily routine: 日常工作
went (go) on duty: 值班、执勤、执行任务等
was (be) about to finish: 将要结束（类似于 be going to finish）
三、重难句解析
1. Liu Yihan was diagnosed(诊断) with a rare (罕见的) cancer that chiefly affects children under the age of 5, in November last year.
1)此句为复合句。Liu Yihan was diagnosed(诊断) with a rare (罕见的) cancer 为主句。
2)that chiefly affects children under the age of 5 为定语从句。cancer为先行词，that为指示代词，在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。
3)in November last year为介词短语作时间状语。
2.She has a particular love of traffic police born of her wish to keep everyone safe.
1)此句为简单句。She has a particular love of traffic police.为主句。
2)born of her wish 为动词过去分词作love 的后置定语，意为：随她的愿望而产生的。
3)to keep everyone safe 为动词不定式作wish的后置定语，意为：确保每个人安全的 。
3.“I hope her dream is strong enough to get her through treatment, which will be difficult,”
1)此句为复合句。I hope her dream is strong enough to get her through treatment为主句。
2)which will be difficult为定语从句，其先行词为treatment，which为关系代词，在从句作主语，不可省。
4.When she told her daughter’s story to the traffic police brigade in Qiaokou District, the community where the family lives, they were moved and promised to help Liu’s wish come true.
1)此句为复合句。they were moved and promised to help Liu’s wish come true.为主句，they指代the traffic police brigade in Qiaokou District.
2)the community where the family lives为插入语，用于解释说明Qiaokou District， the community 为先行词，where the family lives为修饰Qiaokou District的定语从句，where为引导定语从句的关系副词，在从句中作状语。
3)When she told her daughter’s story to the traffic police brigade in Qiaokou District，为由when引导的时间状语从句。
四、参考译文
Traffic police in Wuhan, Hubei Province, have finished the wish of a sick 5-year-old. They invited her to be a traffic officer for a day.
湖北省武汉市的交警已经完成了一名5岁生病女孩的愿望。他们邀请她当了一天的交警。
Liu Yihan was diagnosed(诊断) with a rare (罕见的) cancer that chiefly affects children under the age of 5, in November last year. She has a particular love of traffic police born of her wish to keep everyone safe. Liu never complains to her mother Hu Yuting, but her wish to be a traffic officer really touched her mother's heart.
去年11月，刘奕涵被诊断出患有一种罕见的癌症，这种癌症主要影响5岁以下的儿童。她对交警有一种特殊的喜爱，因为她希望保证每个人的安全。刘奕涵从不向母亲胡玉婷抱怨，但她想成为一名交警的愿望真的触动了她的母亲。
“I hope her dream is strong enough to get her through treatment, which will be difficult,” Hu said. When she told her daughter’s story to the traffic police brigade in Qiaokou District, the community where the family lives, they were moved and promised to help Liu’s wish come true.
“我希望她的梦想足够强大，能让她度过治疗。这次治疗室艰难的。”胡玉婷说。当她把女儿的故事告诉他们家所在社区硚口区的交警大队时，交警们被感动了，并承诺帮助她实现愿望。
Du Zewen, an officer with the brigade, said that the chief officers decided to help the mother and the little girl. He told the other members of the brigade, “We must help the little girl’s dream of becoming a traffic officer come true. She is so young , but she is suffering(忍受) from such a painful disease.”
警察杜泽文说，交警大队的负责人決定帮助这位母亲和小女孩。他对交警大队的其他队员说：“我们必须超助小女孩实现成为交警的梦想。她如此年幼，却在忍受如此痛苦的疾病的折磨。”
On the afternoon of September 20, Liu and her mother were warmly welcomed by the brigade. They dressed her in a specially made uniform and told her that she was a “visiting policewoman”. Little Liu was taken through the daily routine of a traffic officer and taught a few basic rules .She was excited and soon went on duty with the other members.
9月20 日下午，刘奕涵和她的母亲受到了交警大队的热烈欢迎。他们给她穿上特制的警服，并告诉她，她是一名“来访女交警”。刘突涵被带入交瞥的日常工作中，并被教了一些基本规则。她很兴奋，很快就和其他成员一起去值班了。
Just as her daylong experience was about to finish, the vice-director said, “As your commander(指挥官)”, I have two orders. First, listen to your mother and finish your treatment. Second, study hard and exercise to become a real traffic policewoman!”
就在她一天的交警经历即将结束时，副队长说：“作为你的指挥官，我有两个命令令。第一，听你妈妈的话，完成治疗；第二，努力学习，锻炼身体，成为一名真正的女交警！
五、提升训练
1. 中译英
____________ adv. 首要地, 主要地 ____________________ 使她度过治疗
____________ adj. 尤其的，特别的 _____________ 完成（作业、任务等），熬过困难
____________ n. 指挥 ______________ 忍受，遭受
____________________ 被诊断为 _____________日常工作
____________________ 一种罕见的癌症 _____________ 值班、执勤、执行任务等
____________________ 向某人控诉、抱怨 _____________ 将要结束
2.英译中
1)Liu Yihan was diagnosed(诊断) with a rare (罕见的) cancer that chiefly affects children under the age of 5, in November last year.
____________________________________________________________________________
2)She has a particular love of traffic police born of her wish to keep everyone safe.
____________________________________________________________________________
3)“I hope her dream is strong enough to get her through treatment, which will be difficult,”
____________________________________________________________________________
4)When she told her daughter’s story to the traffic police brigade in Qiaokou District, the community where the family lives, they were moved and promised to help Liu’s wish come true.
____________________________________________________________________________
文本分析02——完形填空·人与自然·污水处理
一、答案解析
语篇大意：长期以来，科学家们一直在努力寻找一种保护建筑物免受雷击的方法。瑞士科学家成功利用激光改变了闪电袭击的路径。在未来，激光可能有助于保护大型建筑免受闪电袭击。
1.B useful adj.有用的；有帮助的。 由文章开头的Scientists in Switzerland have used lasers to change the path of a lightning strike 可知，瑞士科学家利用激光改变了闪电袭击的路径。因此实验表明，在未来激光可能有助于保护大型建筑免受闪电袭击。
2.D which 先行词是a radio and TV tower“一座广播电视塔”，指物，故用which引导定语从句。
3.D powerful adj.强大的，有力的。由下文Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people.可知，闪电会引发火灾，摧毁建筑物，并导致人员死亡。故此处指闪电威力巨大。
4.A way n.路，方式，方法。 由下文的the best way to protect buildings和Another idea is to use lasers to guide lightning. 可知，科学家们一直在努力寻找一种保护建筑物免受雷击的方法。
5.B buildings 建筑物。 由上文protect buildings from lightning可知，此处指的是在建筑物上安装金属杆，故选buildings.
6.C safely adv.安全地。 由上文These rods are connected to the ground.The lightning is attracted to the rods可知，这些杆与地面相连，闪电被金属杆吸引。由此可知，它们会把电安全地引导到地面。
7.B new adj.新鲜的，现代的。 由下文Scientists have been working on the idea for over20 years. 可知，科学家们已经为使用激光引导闪电这个想法工作了20多年。由此可知，这个想法并不新鲜。
8.D inside prep. 在(或向)…里。 此处与下文But until recently, scientists haven't been able to guide lightning with lasers outside.中的outside形成对比，故选inside。
9.B changed v. 改变。 由下文Scientists in Switzerland succeeded in guiding lightning.可知，瑞士的科学家成功引导了闪电。由此可知，原先无法在室外用激光引导闪电的情况发生了变化。
10.A follow v.跟随，沿着，遵守。 句意:闪电可以沿着这条路径移动，就好像它是一根避雷针一样。
二、生词短语
生词
laser / le z (r)/ n.激光
path /pa:θ/n.路径；小路
experiment / k sper m nt/ n.实验；尝试
destroy /d str / vt.破坏；毁灭
electricity / lek tr s ti/n.电；电能
laboratory /l b r tri/n.实验室
thick /θ k/adj.厚的；粗的；浓密的
短语
protect…from… 保护…免受…
carry out 执行；实施
metal rod 金属棒；金属杆
be connected to 连接到；有关联
be attracted to 被吸引；被吸引到
succeed in doing 成功地做某事
as if 好像…一样
三、重难句解析
1.The experiment suggests that in the future, lasers might be useful for protecting large buildings from lightning.
1)此句为复合句。句子主干为：The experiment suggest that…
2)that in the future, lasers might be useful for protecting large buildings from lightning为that引导的宾语从句，意为：在将来，激光可能有助于保护大型建筑免受闪电袭击。
2.The experiment was carried out on S ntis mountain in Switzerland, near a radio and TV tower which was hit by lightning about 100 times a year.
1)此句为复合句。句子的主干为：The experiment was carried out on S ntis mountain.
2)in Switzerland为介词短语作S ntis mountain的后置定语，意为：在瑞士的。
3)near a radio and TV tower which was hit by lightning about 100 times a year为整句话的地点状语，其中which was hit by lightning about 100 times a year为修饰先行词a radio and TV tower的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，整个从句意为：每年被闪电击中约100次的。
3.Using a special laser, the researchers were able to guide the lightning strike.
1)此句为简单句。句子主干为：the researchers were able to guide the lightning strike.
2)Using a special laser为动词现在分词作方式状语，意为：通过使用一种特殊的激光。
4.The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground.
1)此句为复合句。句子主干为：The lightning is attracted to the rods.
2)which safely guide the electricity into the ground为修饰先行词the rods的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，整个从句意为：这些金属杆会把电安全地引导到地面。
5.The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it.
1)此句为复合句。句子主干为：The heat creates a path of air.
2)from the laser为介词短语作the heat的后置定语，意为：来自激光的。
3)that is less thick than the air around it. 为修饰先行词a path of air的定语从句，that为关系代词，在从句中作主语，整个从句意为：比周围空气厚度更小的。
四、参考译文
Scientists in Switzerland have used lasers (激光) to change the path of a lightning strike (袭击). The experiment suggests that in the future, lasers might be useful for protecting large buildings from lightning.
瑞士科学家利用激光改变了闪电袭击的路径。实验表明，在未来，激光可能有助于保护大型建筑免受闪电袭击。
The experiment was carried out on S ntis mountain in Switzerland, near a radio and TV tower which was hit by lightning about 100 times a year. Using a special laser, the researchers were able to guide the lightning strike.
这项实验是在瑞士的森蒂斯峰上进行的，该山靠近一座每年被闪电击中约100次的广播电视塔。利用一种特殊的激光，研究人员能够引导闪电袭击。
Lightning can be powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people.
闪电威力巨大，会给地面带来严重问题。闪电会引发火灾，摧毁建筑物，并导致人员死亡。
Scientists have been trying to find a way to protect buildings from lightning for a long time.
长期以来，科学家们一直在努力寻找一种保护建筑物免受雷击的方法。
At the present time, the best way to protect buildings from lightning is by putting metal rods (杆) on the buildings . These rods are connected to the ground. The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground.
目前，保护建筑物免受雷击的最佳方法是在建筑物上安装金属杆。这些杆与地面相连。闪电被金属杆吸引，它们会把电安全地引导到地面。
Another idea is to use lasers to guide lightning. The idea of using lasers to guide lightning isn't new . Scientists have been working on the idea for over 20 years. They have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory.
另一个想法是使用激光来引导闪电。使用激光引导闪电的想法并不新鲜。科学家们已经为这个想法工作了20多年。他们成功地在实验室内用激光引导闪电。
But until recently, scientists haven't been able to guide lightning with lasers outside. That changed in the summer of 2021. Scientists in Switzerland succeeded in guiding lightning. The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The lightning can followed this path almost as if it were a lightning rod.
但直到最近，科学家们还无法在室外用激光引导闪电。2021年夏天，情况发生了变化。瑞士的科学家成功引导了闪电。激光产生的热量形成了一条比周围空气厚度更小的空气路径。闪电可以沿着这条路径移动，就好像它是一根避雷针一样。
五、提升训练
1.中译英
___________ n.激光 ________________ 保护…免受…
___________ n.路径；小路 ________________执行；实施
___________ n.实验；尝试 ________________ 金属棒；金属杆
___________ vt.破坏；毁灭 ________________ 连接到；有关联
___________ n.电；电能 ________________ 被吸引；被吸引到
____________ n.实验室 ________________ 成功地做某事
____________ adj.厚的；粗的；浓密的 ________________好像…一样
2.英译中
1)The experiment suggests that in the future, lasers might be useful for protecting large buildings from lightning.
____________________________________________________________________________
2)The experiment was carried out on S ntis mountain in Switzerland, near a radio and TV tower which was hit by lightning about 100 times a year.
____________________________________________________________________________
3)Using a special laser, the researchers were able to guide the lightning strike.
____________________________________________________________________________
4)The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground.
____________________________________________________________________________
5)The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it.
____________________________________________________________________________
文本分析03—— 完型填空·人与自我·生活态度
一、答案解析
语篇大意：1991年，苏明娟的一张“大眼睛”照片，触动了无数人的心弦。这张面孔从此也成为救助贫因地区失学儿童“希望工程”的招牌面孔。最近，她以党的二十大代表的身份再次亮相在公众视野中。 本文简要讲述了她将爱与希望传递的感人故事。
1.A touched v.触及；感动。上文提及“一双清澈的大眼睛在渴望知识”，下文顺承表示：照片触动了无数人的心弦。
2.B poor adj.贫穷的。第三段提及希望工程帮助了像苏明娟这样的贫苦学生。由此可知，苏明娟出生于贫困家庭。
3.D taken take a picture 拍照，固定搭配。
4.C how adv.如何。上文提及“他深入偏远山区”，下文对应表示：他想观察希望工程是如何帮助辍学儿童接受教育的。
5.B difference make a difference to 对…有作用，有影响，固定搭配。句意：过去的30多年来，它影响了全国600万贫困家庭学生的生活……
6.C named v.命名。句意：苏明娟的照片，被命名为“我要上学”，在全国各地的报纸上转载。named意为“被叫作”，符合语境。
7.A symbol n.象征。由上下文可知，此处指它成为国家努力改善学龄儿童九年义务教育的一个象征。
8.D received v.接收，收到。由上下文可知，此处指苏明娟得到来自全国各地的很多帮助。
9.B paying for 支付，固定搭配。由上下文可知，此处指她的家庭不再需要担心支付她的学费。
10.C new adj. 新的。下文提及“它现在有了带有电脑的大教室”，上文对应表示：学校变成了一座新楼房。
11.A graduation n. 毕业。上文提及“苏明娟2002年就读于安徽大学”，下文顺承表示：毕业后，她在一家银行工作。
12.D kindness n. 善意。由下文“苏明娟把她第一个月的工资捐给了希望工程”可知，此处指为报答那些帮助过她的人的善举。
13.B away give away:“赠送；捐赠”，固定搭配。
由上文中的gave away the salary可知，此处指她每个月捐1000元帮助农村贫困家庭的学生。
14.C build v. 建造；建立。由下文“到目前为止，该基金已经筹集了约500万元”可知，此处指建立学生援助基金。
15.A as prep.作为，as a member of...，作为…的一名成员。
二、生词短语
生词
numerous: [ nju m r s] adj.许多的；很多的
repay: 英 [r pe ] vt.报答；回报
remote: [r m t] adj.遥远的;偏僻的；
rural: 英 [ r r l] adj. 农村的；乡村的
nationwide: [ ne n wa d] adv. 全国性地；在全国 (=all over the country)
短语
20th National Congress: 全国人民代表大会
the Communist Party of China: 中国共产党
national spotlight: 全国瞩目的焦点
be seated at: 坐落于（=locate）
to date: 到目前为主（=up to now, until now）
call for more people: 呼吁更多的人
三、重难句精析
1.In 1991, a photograph of the then 8-year-old Su Mingjuan, with a pair of large, clear eyes crying for knowledge, touched the hearts of numerous people.
1)此为简单句。句子主干为：a photograph of the then 8-year-old Su Mingjuan touched the hearts of numerous people.
2)In 1991为时间状语，意为：在1991年
3)with a pair of large, clear eyes crying for knowledge, 为介词短语作后置定语，意为：照片中一双清澈的大眼睛充满了对知识的渴望。
2.The picture of Su, then a first-grader, was taken by a photographer who went into the remote mountainous areas.
1)此为复合句。句子主干为：The picture of Su was taken by a photographer.
2)then a first-grader为插入语，补充说明苏明娟当时的情况为一名一年级的学生。
3)who went into the remote mountainous areas为定语从句，a photographer为先行词，who为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，意为：前往偏远山区的。
3.To repay the kindness from the people who have helped her, Su gave away the salary (工资) of her first month to Project Hope.
1)此为复合句。句子主干为：Su gave away the salary to Project Hope.
2)of her first month为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the salary，意为：她第一个月的。
3)To repay the kindness from the people who have helped her为目的状语，其中who have helped her为the people的定语从句，意为：帮助过她的，整个目的状语的意思为：为了报答哪些来自帮助过她的人的善意。
四、参考译文
In 1991, a photograph of the then 8-year-old Su Mingjuan, with a pair of large, clear eyes crying for knowledge, touched the hearts of (numerous people. She has recently come back in the national spotlight as a delegate (代表) to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
1991年，一张当时8岁的苏明娟的照片触动了无数人的心，照片中一双清澈的大眼睛充满了对知识的渴望。最近，她以中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会代表的身份重新引起了全国的关注。
Su was born to a poor farming family in Jinzhai, East China's Anhui Province. The picture of Su, then a first-grader, was taken by a photographer who went into the remote mountainous areas. He wanted to see how the Project Hope had helped rural dropouts (辍学者).
苏明娟出生在中国东部安徽省金寨县的一个贫困农民家庭。苏明娟的这张照片是一名摄影师深入偏远山区拍摄的，当时她还是一名一年级的小学生。 他想看看希望工程是如何帮助农村辍学儿童接受教育的。
Over the past thirty years, it has made a difference in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide, among which is Su. The picture of Su, named “I want to go to school”, has been reprinted nationwide in newspapers. And it has since become a symbol of the country's efforts to improve nine-year compulsory (义务的) education.
三十多年来，希望工程影响了全国600万贫困家庭学生的生活，苏明娟就是其中之一。苏明娟的照片，被命名为“我要上学”，在全国各地的报纸上转载。 从那时起，这张照片就成为国家努力改善九年制义务教育的一个象征。
After being famous, Su received lots of help from across the country. Her family no longer needed to worry about paying for her school. Su's school was originally seated at a traditional temple with the classrooms only having paper-covered windows full of holes. It was changed into a(n) new building later. It has big classrooms with computers now.
成名后，苏明娟得到来自全国各地的很多帮助， 她的家庭不再需要担心支付她的学费。苏明娟的学校最初坐落在一座传统寺庙里，教室的窗户是用纸糊的，上面都是洞。后来它被改建成一座新楼房，现在有带电脑的大教室。
Su Mingjuan went to Anhui University in 2002. After graduation, she worked in a bank. To repay the kindness from the people who have helped her, Su gave away the salary (工资) of her first month to Project Hope. Since then, she has given away 1,000 yuan every month to help rural students from poor families.
苏明娟2002年进入安徽大学。毕业后，她在一家银行工作。为了报答那些帮助过她的人，苏明娟把她第一个月的工资都捐给了希望工程。 从那时起， 她每个月都会捐出1000元来帮助农村贫困家庭的学生。
In 2018, she used 30,000 yuan from her savings to build a student assistance (援助) fund. To date, the fund has raised around 5 million yuan, and helped set up five Hope Schools.
2018年，她从自己的积蓄中拿出3万元成立了一个助学基金。迄今为止，该基金已经筹集了约500 万元，并帮助建立了5所希望学校。
Su attended the CPC national congress in Beijing as a member of the Anhui delegation. She used to receive help from Project Hope, and now she is calling for more people to provide better education to all children.
苏明娟是安徽代表团的一员，在北京参加中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会。她曾经接受希望工程的帮助，现在她呼吁更多的人为所有孩子提供更好的教育。
五、提升训练
1.中译英
______________ adj.许多的；很多的 _________________全国人民代表大会
______________ 英 [r pe ] vt.报答；回报 ____________________ 中国共产党
______________ adj.遥远的;偏僻的； __________________全国瞩目的焦点
______________ adj. 农村的；乡村的 _________________ 坐落于（=locate）
______________ adv. 全国性地；在全国 _____________ 到目前为止
________________ 呼吁更多的人
2.英译中
1)In 1991, a photograph of the then 8-year-old Su Mingjuan, with a pair of large, clear eyes crying for knowledge, touched the hearts of numerous people.
____________________________________________________________________________
2)The picture of Su, then a first-grader, was taken by a photographer who went into the remote mountainous areas.
____________________________________________________________________________
3)To repay the kindness from the people who have helped her, Su gave away the salary (工资) of her first month to Project Hope.
____________________________________________________________________________
文本分析04——阅读理解·人与社会·安全救护
一、答案解析
语篇大意：艾德里安以前是一名救生员，他和他的合作伙伴开发了一种用于辅助海滩救助落水者的新型无人机。这种无人机上装有摄像头和充气的救生衣，摄像头可以帮助定位落水者位置，救生衣可以投放到落水者周围。目前，它已为西班牙多个海滩提供了帮助。艾德里安希望它能被推广到其他国家。
1.A 细节理解题。由第一段可知，溺水事件往往发生得很快而且很安静。
2.A 推理判断题。通读第二段可知，艾德里安以前是一名救生员，他和他的合作伙伴恩里克在海边看到了一名溺水的女子，但来不及救她。由此可推断，可能是他当救生员的经历让他创办了General Drones。
3.B推理判断题。下文介绍无人机把救生衣投给溺水者，救生衣中充满空气，使溺水的人和救生衣可以漂浮。由此可推断，这让救生员可以有时间到达溺水者跟前。
4.D 词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，艾德里安希望有更多人帮助他们，这样他们的无人机也可以在其他国家扩大他们的服务。由此可推断， expand意为“扩大范围”。
二、生词短语
生词
former / f :m (r)/adj.以前的；昔日的
lifeguard / la fga:d/n.救生员
witness / w tn s/v.见证；目击
found /fa nd/vt.创办，成立
prevent /pr vent/vt.防止；阻碍
notify / n t fa /vt.通知；(正式)通报
vest /vest/n.外穿背心；坎肩
float /fl t/v.浮动；漂浮
locate /l ke t/v.定位
struggle / str ɡl/vi.奋斗；挣扎
specifically /sp s f kli/adv.确切地说；专门地
emergency /i m :d nsi/ n.突发事件，紧急情况
expand / k sp nd/v.扩大；扩展(业务)；增加
短语
die from 死于
thrash about 剧烈移动；东闯西撞
wave for help 挥手求助
in distress 遇险
send…out 发送…出去
to date 迄今
三、重难句解析
1.And while we may think that a drowning person thrashes about and waves for help, real-life drownings often happen quickly and silently.
1)此句为简单句。句子主干为：real-life drownings often happen quickly and silently.
2)And while we may think that a drowning person thrashes about and waves for help为while引导的让步状语从句，意为：尽管，即使。整个从句意为：虽然我们可能认为落水的人会猛烈地扑腾并挥手求救。
2.Now, Adrian is the boss of General Drones, a company he founded with Enrique, whose work was making drones.
1)此句为复合句。句子的主干为：Adrian is the boss of General Drones.
2)Now为时间状语，意为：现在，如今。
3)a company he founded with Enrique为General Drones的同位语，意为：他与恩里克一起创办的一家公司。
4)whose work was making drones为修饰先行词Enrique的定语从句，whose为关系代词，在从句中定语，整个从句意为：他的工作是制造无人机。
3.The two worked together to create a search-and-rescue drone that can help prevent drowning.
1)此句为复合句。句子主干为：The two worked together to create a search-and-rescue drone.
2)that can help prevent drowning为修饰先行词a search-and-rescue drone的定语从句，that为关系代词，在从句中作主语，整个从句意为：能有助于避免溺水事件的。
4.The pilot locates the person with the help of a camera the drone has, which can reach him/her in just a few seconds.
1)此句为复合句。句子的主干为：The pilot locates the person.
2)with the help of a camera the drone has为介词短语作方式状语，意为：在无人机搭载的摄像机的帮助下。
3)which can reach him/her in just a few seconds为修饰先行词the drone的定语从句，which为先行词，在从句中做主语，整个从句意为：无人机能在短短几秒内到达他/她（指溺水者）身边。
5.By staying above the person, the drone helps the lifeguard quickly locate the person who is struggling in the water.
1)此句为复合句。句子的主干为：the drone helps the lifeguard quickly locate the person.
2)By staying above the person为介词短语作方式状语，意为：通过悬停在溺水者上方。
3)who is struggling in the water为修饰先行词the person的定语从句，who为关系代词，在从句中作主语，整个从句意为：正在水利挣扎的。
四、参考译文
Every year around 263,000 people worldwide die from drowning (溺水). And while we may think that a drowning person thrashes about and waves for help, real-life drownings often happen quickly and silently.
每年，全球约有26.3万人死于溺水。虽然我们可能认为落水的人会猛烈地扑腾并挥手求救，但真实的溺水事件通常发生得很快，而且悄无声息。
Adrian Plazas is a former lifeguard. He knows this all too well. Several years ago, when he and his business partner, Enrique Fernandez, witnessed (目睹) a woman drowning, they tried to help her, but it was too late. This made Adrian very sad.
艾德里安·普拉扎斯曾经是一名救生员，他深知这一点。几年前，当他和他的商业伙伴恩里克·费尔南德斯目睹一名女子溺水时，他们试图救她，但为时已晚。 这让艾德里安非常难过。
Now, Adrian is the boss of General Drones, a company he founded with Enrique, whose work was making drones. The two worked together to create a search-and-rescue drone that can help prevent drowning.
现在，艾德里安是General Drones的老板，这是他与恩里克一起创办的一家公司。恩里克制造无人机，他们一起合作制造出一种可以帮助预防溺水的新型无人机。
If lifeguards notice a person in distress in the water, they can notify (通知) a drone pilot, who's also at the beach and can send the drone out directly to the person. The pilot locates the person with the help of a camera the drone has, which can reach him/her in just a few seconds.
如果救生员注意到有人在水中遇险，他们可以通知海滩上的无人机操控员帮助，他也在海滩上，能迅速将无人机派送到需要帮助的人旁边。借助无人机上的摄像头，操控员可以定位落水者，从而使无人机在几秒钟内到达到他/她身边。
“This is important," says Adrian. "Because the lifeguards have more time to arrive.” The drone then drops a life vest to the person. The life vest goes around the person and fills up with air so they can float (漂浮). By staying above the person, the drone helps the lifeguard quickly locate the person who is struggling in the water.
“这非常重要，”艾德里安说，“因为这给了救援人员更多的时间去到达落水者身边。” 之后无人机(会)把救生衣投给落水者。救生衣会绕在落水者身上并充满空气，这样他们就可以漂浮起来。无人机会一直停留在落水者上方，以帮助救援人员快速定位在水中挣扎的人。
Adrian and Enrique started working on this project in 2015. It took a long time because they had to design it specifically for the beach. The beach can be hard for machines because of the sun, wind and water.
艾德里安和恩里克在2015年开始研究这个项目。由于他们必须专门为海滩设计无人机，所以研发过程花费了很长时间。由于太阳、风和水的原因，海滩对于机器(的运行)可能很困难。
To date, their drones have helped in more than 60 emergencies at 22 beaches in Spain. Adrian hopes that more people will help him so they can expand their services in other countries too.
到目前为止，他们的无人机已经在西班牙的22 个海滩上帮助解决了60多起紧急情况。艾德里安希望有更多的人帮助他们，这样他们也可以在其他国家扩大他们的服务。
五、提升训练
1.中译英
________ adj.以前的；昔日的 ________ /sp s f kli/adv.确切地说；专门地
________ / la fga:d/n.救生员________ / w tn s/v.见证；目击 ________ /i m :d nsi/ n.突发事件，紧急情况
________ /fa nd/vt.创办，成立 ________ / k sp nd/v.扩大；扩展(业务)；增加
________ /pr vent/vt.防止；阻碍 ________ 死于
________ / n t fa /vt.通知；(正式)通报 ________ 剧烈移动；东闯西撞
________/vest/n.外穿背心；坎肩 ___________ 挥手求助
________ /fl t/v.浮动；漂浮 ________ 遇险
________ /l ke t/v.定位 ________ 发送…出去
________ / str ɡl/vi.奋斗；挣扎 ________ 迄今
2.英译中
1)And while we may think that a drowning person thrashes about and waves for help, real-life drownings often happen quickly and silently.
___________________________________________________________________________
2)Now, Adrian is the boss of General Drones, a company he founded with Enrique, whose work was making drones.
___________________________________________________________________________
3)The two worked together to create a search-and-rescue drone that can help prevent drowning.
___________________________________________________________________________
4)The pilot locates the person with the help of a camera the drone has, which can reach him/her in just a few seconds.
___________________________________________________________________________
5)By staying above the person, the drone helps the lifeguard quickly locate the person who is struggling in the water.
___________________________________________________________________________
文本分析05——阅读理解·人与自然·物种入侵
一、答案解析
语篇大意：哥伦比亚打算向印度和墨西哥运送河马。在20世纪80年代，四头河马被非法从非洲运入哥伦比亚。河马在哥伦比亚没有天敌，导致其数量大增。哥伦比亚政府已决定将河马看成一种有害入侵物种。
1.C 词义猜测题。由下文的because they will readily protect their territory可知，河马会随时保护自己的领地。由此可推断，它们富于攻击性。
2.C 推理判断题。由第五段的Scientists warn the hippos do not have a natural predator in Colombia. 可知，河马在哥伦比亚没有天敌，这是其数量大增的原因。
3.A 细节理解题。由第五段的The animals also could be a problem for biodiversity as the waste they produce could do harm to native animals in the river. 可知，河马产生的废物可能危害到河中的本土动物。
4.B细节理解题。由倒数第二段的The plan is to send 60 hippos to India. Another 10 hippos will go to zoos and protected areas in Mexico. 可知，哥伦比亚计划将60头河马送往印度，另外10头河马将被送往墨西哥的动物园和保护区。故共送出70头河马。
二、生词短语
生词
hippo / h p / n.河马
property / pr p ti/ n.财产；不动产；庄园
aggressive / ɡres v/adj.侵略性的；好斗的
readily adv. 欣然地；便利地；快捷地
territory / ter tri/ n.领土；(个人、群体、动物等占据的)领域
biodiversity / ba da v s ti/ n.生物多样性
invasive / n ve s v/ adj.侵入的
concern /k n s n/ n. 忧虑；关心
短语
weigh up to 重达
a tourist attraction 一个旅游景点
a natural predator 一种天生的捕食者
treat…as…把…当作…
三、重难句分析
1.In the 1980s, four hippos were carried into Colombia from Africa, which was not allowed by the law.
此句为复合句。句子主干为：four hippos were carried into Colombia from Africa.
In the 1980s为时间状语，意为：在20世纪80年代。
which was not allowed by the law为非限定性定语从句，which为关系代词，在从句中作主语，指代“四头河马从非洲被运入哥伦比亚”这件事，整句意为：四头河马从非洲被运入哥伦比亚，这事是违法的。
2.They lived in the Hacienda Napoles property along the Magdalena River, which is about 200 kilometers from Bogota, the capital of Colombia.
1)此句为复合句。句子主干为：They lived in the Hacienda Napoles propert.
2)along the Magdalena River为地点状语，意为：马格达莱纳河沿岸。
3)which is about 200 kilometers from Bogota为定语从句，which为关系代词，在从句中作主语，指代the Magdalena River，整句意为：距离波哥大约200千米的。
4)the capital of Colombia为Bogota的同位语，意为：哥伦比亚首都。
3.The animals also could be a problem for biodiversity as the waste they produce could do harm to native animals in the river.
1)此句为简单句。句子主干为：The animals also could be a problem for biodiversity.
2)as the waste they produce could do harm to native animals in the river为由as引导的原因状语从句，整句意为：他们所产生的废物将对河流里的本土动物产生威胁。
4.The plan aims to catch the hippos living in the rivers around the Hacienda Napoles property.
1)此句为简单句。句子主干为：The plan aims to catch the hippos.
2)living in the rivers around the Hacienda Napoles property为living现在分词作后置定语，意为：生活在那不勒斯庄园周围河流中的。
四、参考译文
Colombia is going to send hippos to India and Mexico.
哥伦伦比亚打算向印度和墨西哥运送河马。
In the 1980s, four hippos were carried into Colombia from Africa, which was not allowed by the law. They lived in the Hacienda Napoles property along the Magdalena River, which is about 200 kilometers from Bogota, the capital of Colombia. The animals’ numbers have increased now.
在20世纪80年代，四头河马从非洲被运入哥伦比亚，这是非法的。它们生活在距离哥伦比亚首都波哥大约200千米的马格达莱纳河沿岸的那不勒斯庄园。如今河马数量大量增加。
The hippos weigh up to three tons, and they are aggressive because they will readily protect their territory (领地), both in and out of the water. They have spread far beyond the property. Environmental officials say there are about 130 hippos in the area. The experts say the hippo population there could reach 400 in eight years.
河马重达3吨，它们富于攻击性，因为无论是在水里还是水外，它们会随时保护自己的领地。它们已经蔓延到庄园以外的地方。环境官员称，该地区大约有130头河马。专家表示，那里的河马数量可能在8 年内达到400头。
Now Hacienda Napoles and the hippos have become a tourist attraction (旅游景点).
现在那不勒斯庄园和河马群已成为一个旅游景点。
Scientists warn the hippos do not have a natural predator (捕食性动物) in Colombia. The animals also could be a problem for biodiversity as the waste they produce could do harm to native animals in the river. Last year, Colombia’s government decided to treat the hippos as a kind of harmful invasive (入侵的) species.
科学家警告说，河马在哥伦比亚没有天敌。这些动物也可能会对生物多样性产生威胁，因为它们产生的废物可能危害到河中的本土动物。去年，哥伦比亚政府决定将河马看成有害入侵物种。
The plan to take the animals ti India and Mexico has been forming for more than a year. The plan is to send 60 hippos to India. Another 10 hippos will go to zoos and protected areas in Mexico.
将这些动物送到印度和墨西哥的计划已经酝酿了一年多。该计划是将60头河马送往印度。另外10 头河马将送往墨西哥的动物园和保护区。
The plan aims to catch the hippos living in the rivers around the Hacienda Napoles property. The ones on the property are not a concern. Officials say those hippos are in a controlled environment and do not influence the local environment.
该计划旨在捕捉生活在那不勒斯庄园周围河流中的河马。庄园里的河马不在此列。官员们表示，那些河马生活在受控的环境下，不会对当地环境造成影响。
五、提升训练
1．中译英
____________ n.河马 ____________ adj.侵入的
____________ n.财产；不动产；庄园 ____________ n. 忧虑；关心
____________ adj.侵略性的；好斗的 ____________ 重达
____________ adv. 欣然地；便利地；快捷地 __________________ 一个旅游景点
____________ n.领土；领域 __________________ 一种天生的捕食者
____________ n.生物多样性 __________________ 把…当作…
2．英译中
1)In the 1980s, four hippos were carried into Colombia from Africa, which was not allowed by the law.
____________________________________________________________________________
2)They lived in the Hacienda Napoles property along the Magdalena River, which is about 200 kilometers from Bogota, the capital of Colombia.
____________________________________________________________________________
3)The animals also could be a problem for biodiversity as the waste they produce could do harm to native animals in the river.
____________________________________________________________________________
4)The plan aims to catch the hippos living in the rivers around the Hacienda Napoles property.
____________________________________________________________________________
文本分析06——阅读理解·人与自我·自我认识
一、答案解析
语篇大意：你会和别人比较吗？也许你最好的朋友收到了你非常想要的圣诞礼物，而你却没有。尽管这种比较很正常，有时也有帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的幸福很重要。
1.B 词义猜测题。上文表示让步“尽管这种比较很正常，有时也有帮助"，下文对应表示转折: 但关注自己的进步对你的幸福很重要。
2.D细节理解题。由第二段的But comparing your achievements to your past self (where you started) and your future self (where you'd like to get to)...可知，Nicola Abbott 认为最好把你的成就与过去的自己和未来的自己进行比较。
3.C 细节理解题。通读全文，且由第三段的Do comparisons make you unhappy ...It can help us to find our achievements...等可知，第三段谈及将自己与他人比较的意义。
4.B 推理判断题。这句表示“自我提问......有助于提高自尊心”，而且横线后的问题均为正向意义的问题，由此可推断，应选正向意义的问题"What am I good at ".
5.D推理判断题。通读最后一段，尤其是由Besides，learning to celebrate your friend's achievements can help not only to improve your friend's feeling…可推断，该段的写作目的是：学会祝贺朋友的成就。
二、生词短语
生词
comparison /k m p r sn/n.比较；对比
matter / m t (r)/v.要紧；有重大影响
psychologist /sa k l d st/n.心理学家
positive / p z t v/adj.积极乐观的；良好的
worthwhile / w :θ wa l/adj.值得的；重要的
realistic / ri l st k/adj.实际的；实事求是的；明智的
strength /stre θ/n.力量；优势
improvement / m pru:vm nt/n.改善；改进
self-esteem / self sti:m/n.自尊(心)
jealousy / d el si/n.嫉妒；忌妒
celebrate / sel bre t/v.庆祝；赞美
短语
compare…to… 与…类似将…比作
come out on top 出人头地;拔得头筹
build each other up 相互鼓励和支持
三、重难句解析
1.Perhaps your best friend received something you really wanted for Christmas, or you're not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is.
1)此句为复合句。句子主干为：Perhaps your best friend received something , or you're not allowed to go to a concert. or在句中作选择连词，意为：或者。
2)you really wanted for Christmas为修饰先行词something的关系代词，因为先行词是搜something,因此冠词代词需用that。此时关系代词在从句中作宾语，因此可以被省略。整个从句意为：你非常想作为圣诞礼物的。
3)but your brother or sister is为but引导的表转折的并列句，意为：但是你的兄弟或姐妹却被允许。
2.We prefer to compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.
1)此句为复合句。句子主干为：We prefer to compare ourselves to others
2)who are doing better or not as well as ourselves为修饰先行词others的定语从句，因先行词others指人，且关系代词在从句中作主语，因为需用who作为关系代词。整个从句意为：那些做得更好或不如他们自己的。
3.Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.
1)该句为复合句。句子主干为：Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says.
2)that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top为that引导的宾语从句，意为：专注于自己的目标比总是试图脱颖而出更有价值。
4.Taking note of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too.
1)此句为简单句。句子主干为：Taking note of how…matters, too.此处matter作谓语动词，意为：是重要的。
2)how the comparison is making you feel为由how引导的宾语从句，意为：比较这件事给你带来什么样的感觉。
5.If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you're good at.
1)此句为复合句。句子主干为：Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you're good at. 其中what you're good at为what引导的宾语从句，与your own strengths为并列关系，该句意为：你所擅长的事情。
2)If you begin to feel quite low为if引导的条件状语从句，意为：如果你开始感到情绪低落。
四、参考译文
Do you compare yourself to other people Perhaps your best friend received something you really wanted for Christmas, or you're not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.
你会拿自己和别人比较吗？也许你最好的朋友收到了你非常想要的圣诞礼物，或者你不被允许去听音乐会，但你的兄弟姐妹可以。尽管进行比较很正常，有时也有帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的幸福很重要。
Why does focusing on me matter “We prefer to compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves,” says psychologist Nicola Abbott. “But comparing your achievements to your past self (where you started) and your future self (where you'd like to get to) can be more positive.” This can make you feel proud of what you've achieved and excited about what you might do. Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.
为什么关注我很重要？心理学家尼古拉·阿博特说：“我们更喜欢把自己和那些做得更好或不如自己的人进行比较。但是将你的成就与过去的自己(你的起点)和未来的自己(你想要达到的目标)进行比较会更积极。” 这会让你为自己所取得的成就感到自豪，为自己可能要做的事情感到兴奋。儿童心理学家拉弗恩·安特罗布斯对此表示赞同，并表示专注于自己的目标比总是试图脱颖而出更有价值。
Do comparisons make you unhappy Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it's important to be realistic and remember that nobody is perfect, especially online and on social media. Taking note of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too.
比较会让你不开心吗？把自己和周围的人进行比较是很自然的事，我们经常无意识地这样做。它可以帮助我们发现自己的成就，并与有相似兴趣的新朋友建立友谊。然而，现实一点儿很重要，记住人无完人，尤其是在网络和社交媒体上。注意对比给你的感觉也很重要。
If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you're good at. Antrobus agrees. She says that asking yourself questions like “ What am I good at ,” “What do I feel proud of ” and “What improvements can I notice ” can help to improve your self-esteem (how positive you feel about yourself).
如果你开始感到情绪低落，艾伯特建议你选择一个不同的榜样，或者专注于你自己的优势和擅长的事情。安特罗布斯表示同意。她说，问自己一些问题， 比如 “我擅长什么？”“我有什么值得骄傲的？”以及“我能注意到哪些改进？”可以帮助提高你的自尊(你对自己有多乐观)。
“Jealousy(忌妒) is an ordinary feeling,” says Antrobus, "but focusing on improving your own performance can help you feel just as successful. Besides, learning to celebrate your friend's achievements can help not only to improve your friend's feeling but can also help you feel good. “It will encourage you to build each other up.”
“忌妒是一种普通的感觉。”安特罗布斯说，“但专注于提高自己的表现可以让你感觉同样成功。此外，学会庆祝你朋友的成就不仅有助于改善你朋友的感觉，也能让你感觉良好。这将鼓励你们互相扶持。”
五、提升训练
1、中译英
__________ n.比较；对比 __________ n.自尊(心)
__________ v.要紧；有重大影响 __________ n.改善；改进
__________ n.心理学家 __________ n.嫉妒；忌妒
__________ adj.积极乐观的；良好的 __________ v.庆祝；赞美
__________ adj.值得的；重要的 _____________ 与…类似将…比作
__________ adj.实际的；实事求是的；明智的 _____________ 出人头地;拔得头筹
__________ n.力量；优势 _________________ 相互鼓励和支持
2、英译中
1)Perhaps your best friend received something you really wanted for Christmas, or you're not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is.
____________________________________________________________________________
2)We prefer to compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.
____________________________________________________________________________
3)Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.
____________________________________________________________________________
4)Taking note of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too.
____________________________________________________________________________
5)If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you're good at.
____________________________________________________________________________
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