第07讲 选修四 词汇考点
目录 01 课标达标练 【题型一】易考单词变形 【题型二】核心单词拼写 【题型三】重点短语词组 02 核心突破练 【题型一】阅读词汇和短语 【题型二】完形词汇和短语 【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语 03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Claire had an (appoint) to paint her nails.
2．We ensure that activities will take place under the (guide) of an experienced tutor.
3．Feeling (guilt) about yelling at her mom, she wrote a letter to apologize that night.
4． (suppose) that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
5．I can lend you my bike condition that you must return it before Friday.
6．Then I walked away, pretending not to have heard anything. However, I felt (cheat) and it really depressed me.
7．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest and most (rely) fellow in the world.
8．I could hardly recognize her (instant) I saw her after a couple of years.
9．Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
10．After failing the exam three times, the student felt (discourage) and considered dropping out.
11．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！
12．We were about to have a picnic in the park a group of unexpected guests arrived.
13．The artist, paintings now sell for millions, started as a street performer.
14．Scientists are trying to (precise) measure the impact of climate change on the polar ice caps.
15．Her (intend) to quit the job surprised everyone.
16．His (embarrass) look showed he didn’t catch what I just said.
17．He showed me several options for the project, none of seemed feasible (可行的) within our budget.
18．University applicants who have work experience will receive (prefer).
19．The animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard and (oppose) wearing fur coats.
20．Keep in mind that it is no good (recite)without understanding.
21．He has been dreaming of becoming a (law) since childhood.
22．You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I agree.
23． made her very sad was that she lost her necklace.
24．One thing to consider is you can turn to for help when you are in trouble.
25．You will have to work out (month) budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal.
26．Festivals are becoming more and more (commerce) with businesses taking advantage of the celebration.
27．Employers look favorably at (apply) who have rich work experience.
28．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week because of the bad weather.
29．They have hired a computer (consult) to assess how the company can upgrade its system.
30．Under Qian’s (leader), China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
31．The company’s success was built on the (assume) that demand would continue to grow.
32．When pupils do reading (comprehend), they do an exercise to find out how well they understand a piece of spoken or written language.
33．Leon graduated after demonstrating the appropriate level of understanding and technical (competent).
34．Vocational education generally prepares people to work in a specific (occupy) by teaching theory in the classroom.
35．The artist spent months perfecting the (compose) of his painting.
36．This is a (stimulate) discussion.
37．He recited the whole poem in one (breathe).
38． I knew it, the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life.
39．A recent survey on Chinese people’s reading habits, (base)on a random sample of more than10, 000 people from 30 cities across China, revealed that the Chinese spend a lot of time reading.
40．There are different opinions and (evaluate) of college supervisors.
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．The CEO had to (辞职) due to the company’s funding issue.
42．Learning to have (仁慈，宽恕) on yourself is as important as forgiving others.
43．The farmers celebrated the (丰收)with a festival, showcasing the year’s fruitful crops.
44．In our society respecting the old and cherishing the young is a traditional (美德), to which people attach great importance.
45．She refused to (作弊) on her exams, believing in the value of hard work and honesty.
46．A gentle breeze was blowing, (使……起皱纹) the lake with a series of delicate ripples that danced far away.
47．His (任命) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting.
48．The company operates under the (原则) that customer satisfaction is the top priority.
49．Tom (通信) with his pen friend John regularly.
50．He (折叠) his arms over his chest and shouted loudly.
51．With a (手势) of frustration, she swept the cards from the table.
52．My son is a quiet and (温和的) man who likes sports and enjoys life．
53．She spoke with tears and tried to win everyone’s (同情).
54．Judging from his strong (口音), we know he is from Guangdong province.
55．We (获得) special permission to reproduce the book in our magazine.
56．The tour guide is (博学的) about the local customs and traditions, which in turn helps promote the local tourism.
57．The (摩擦) between the two co-workers made meetings tense and uncomfortable.
58．They appeared (悲观的) about their chances of winning the competition.
59．The (持续时间) of the school sports meeting was unexpectedly extended by two hours due to the exciting final relay race.
60．The government announced a significant increase in the education (预算) this year, aiming to improve school facilities in rural areas.
61． (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings.
62．He made a (粗鲁的) gesture at the driver of the other car.
63．Wuhan declared (临时的) outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions on Jan. 23.
64．The soldier lifted the phone and dialed his (上级).
65．She hired a private (侦探) in an attempt to find her daughter.
66．She chose a (任意的) book from the library shelf and found a hidden poem written by a famous author.
67．It’s never a good idea to take sleeping (药片) regularly.
68．He (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
69．He’s been informed that he doesn’t (取得资格) for the scholarship because of his academic background.
70．Her head still hurt, and she felt slightly (头晕的) and had to sit down. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
题型三 重点短语词组
71．如果按计划实施，这次合并将诞生亚洲最大的科技公司。
The merger, as planned, will create the largest tech company in Asia.
72．This is a small car it can only hold five persons.
这辆汽车太小了，只能容纳5个人。
73．如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it .
74．通过这次活动，你将了解到一些曾为社会做出卓越贡献的令人钦佩的人物，尤其是他们如何用勇气和智慧克服巨大挑战。
From this event, you’ll learn about some , especially how .
75．警察一接到电话，他们就赶到现场，那里发生了交通事故。
The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene, .
76．此外，餐桌礼仪也是你应该注意的事情。
Besides, table manners are also the thing .
77．我们坚持海洋探索，是为了了解人类的起源。
The reason exploring the sea we want to know the origin of human beings.
78．重庆人民为过去十年来他们所取得的成就感到骄傲。(what)
People in Chongqing are proud of .
79．You could register online and e-learning courses.
你可以在线注册并订阅网络课程。
80．从南极洲旅行归来后，他们肯定需要时间重新适应假期结束后的生活。(bound)
After returning from their trip to Antarctica, they to readjust to their post-holiday life.
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（24-25高三下·贵州安顺·阶段练习）In today’s interconnected world, maintaining personal independence is more important than ever. While cooperating with and relying on others are essential aspects of modern life, an overdependence on external (外部的) systems, technology, or individuals can gradually destroy autonomy, kill personal growth, and compromise one’s ability to deal with challenges.
First, independence develops self-reliance and adaptability. In a rapidly changing world, individuals must adapt to unexpected circumstances, from economic downturns (衰退) to technological disruptions. For example, someone who has developed financial knowledge and self-sufficiency is better equipped to handle economic challenges than someone who relies entirely on others for support. Independence enables individuals to take control of their lives and make informed decisions without being overly influenced by external forces.
Second, independence promotes personal growth and self-fulfillment. Relying too much on others can limit one’s opportunities to explore, take risks, and learn from mistakes. When individuals independently pursue their goals and passions, they gain confidence, skills, and a sense of purpose. For example, starting a personal project or business without external backing challenges people to innovate and think critically, developing creativity and problem-solving abilities.
Maintaining independence protects individuality and personal identity in a world where conformity (遵从) is often encouraged. Social media and cultural trends can pressure individuals to agree with popular opinions or adopt popular lifestyles, potentially hiding their true selves. Independence allows people to form their own beliefs, values, and priorities, making them more empowered to contribute uniquely to society.
Critics might argue that independence risks isolation or the loss of community values. However, independence does not prevent cooperation or meaningful relationships. In fact, truly independent individuals often bring more value to relationships because they contribute from a place of strength and confidence rather than dependency.
Maintaining independence in today’s society is vital for personal growth. While mutual support and interdependence are valuable, they should not come at the cost of autonomy. Keeping a balance between cooperation and independence ensures individuals can thrive in an ever-evolving world.
1．Who may handle economic challenges better according to Paragraph 2
A．People depending on themselves. B．People making innovative decisions.
C．People influenced by external forces. D．People relying on unexpected settings.
2．Why does independence matter in a world encouraging conformity
A．It makes people form common beliefs. B．It allows people to maintain self-hood.
C．It enables people to lead cultural trends. D．It helps people develop their intelligence.
3．Which can best describe an independent person in relationships
A．Confident and helpful. B．Isolated and indifferent.
C．Cooperative and proud. D．Critical and autonomous.
4．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By inferring and comparing. B．By showing cause and effect.
C．By giving opinions and examples. D．By stating problems and solutions.
（2025·山东潍坊·三模）Understanding a simple-looking sentence such as “I read this article yesterday” actually requires some complex grammatical processing: a subject (“I”) performed an action (“read”) on an object (“article”) at a specific time (“yesterday”). But the human brain routinely does this work nearly without delay, says linguist (语言学家) Andrea E. Martin of the Max Planck Institute in the Netherlands. And Martin’s team has now revealed that the human brain adjusts its processing methods based on grammatical rules of different languages.
The researchers observed variations in Dutch-speaking (说荷兰语的) participants’ brain waves while they listened to a Dutch-language audiobook. To visualize these changes, the scientists used a system measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence. It was then tested against three different parsing (语法分析) strategies, or linguistic models that illustrate how the brain builds information over time.
Previous English-based studies concluded in favor of a model where listeners “wait and see” how each phrase in a sentence will end before interpreting it. But the Dutch speakers in Martin’s study preferred a highly predictive model; participants tended to finish each phrase before it was complete. A third model, in which listeners wait to hear all the phrases in a sentence before interpreting any part of it, is seldom used in either language.
In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W. Coopmans. For instance, “I ate a cookie with chocolate” in Dutch would be “I the cookie with chocolate ate.” “You would have to wait very long for the verb to come,” Coopmans says. “And that’s probably unrealistically late; you’re probably much more predictive in processing the sentence.”
The findings support the need for scientists to include more diversity when designing linguistic models. “If we only study English speakers, we’ll miss crucial variations in how brains handle different language systems,” Martin warns. “Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language is going to help us clarify how the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social functions of language,” Martin says.
1．How does the human brain process languages
A．By shortening the sentence. B．By concentrating on subjects.
C．By relying on language sense. D．By applying rules of grammar.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The system. B．The audiobook. C．The brain. D．The sentence.
3．The Dutch predict the meaning of “Tom drew an oil painting.” in Dutch when hearing ________.
A．Tom. B．Drew. C．Oil. D．Painting.
4．What can be concluded from Martin’s words in the last paragraph
A．The language structures need improving.
B．Samples of research should be expanded.
C．The functions of language call for further study.
D．English speakers account for the largest number.
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·湖北黄冈·三模）When Nancy Beiman was 65, she retired from her job as a professor of animation and had no 1 how she would 2 her days.
One day, she woke up with an idea for a comic strip (连环漫画). Beiman had been doing most of her drawing on a computer, but for this new idea, she returned to drawing 3 on paper, then 4 them with a brush pen. She created a character based on a kitten from an old project and added two dogs and a little girl who 5 her of the children’s book character Pippi Longstocking. This led to FurBabies, a comic about a family of dogs, a cat, and a child who can all speak the same language. The dogs and the cat take care of nine-year-old Kate while her parents are 6 .
Nancy wasn’t planning to 7 with her idea until she showed her drawings to her friend, Lynn Johnston, a cartoonist. Lynn 8 her and taught her how to write scripts for the comics. Despite her long 9 in animation, transitioning to comics wasn’t 10 for Nancy. In animation, she focused on showing action without words, but comics required her to combine visuals with 11 .
With her friend’s help, Nancy wrote 24 mini-scripts and 12 them to a social platform. In April 2023, she was 13 to be accepted on her first try. Nancy 14 FurBabies daily online, which is a big 15 , but she enjoys the immediate feedback from readers of all ages. It’s like having a film on display every day, bringing smiles to people’s faces. Nancy believes that comics offer some protection from the prejudice against older people in animation studios.
1．A．clue B．plan C．hope D．doubt
2．A．pass B．take C．fill D．manage
3．A．tools B．models C．scenes D．characters
4．A．mixing B．erasing C．inking D．cutting
5．A．informed B．reminded C．accused D．convinced
6．A．at home B．on vacation C．in trouble D．at work
7．A．agree B．continue C．deal D．correspond
8．A．praised B．invited C．encouraged D．warned
9．A．career B．hobby C．experiment D．challenge
10．A．difficult B．possible C．easy D．necessary
11．A．colors B．actions C．dialogue D．music
12．A．submitted B．sold C．read D．copied
13．A．confused B．ashamed C．bored D．thrilled
14．A．prints B．updates C．reviews D．downloads
15．A．risk B．advantage C．commitment D．routine
（2025·山东日照·三模）For most of his life, Ted Midgely couldn’t read. The 58-year-old, who left school at 15, 1 friends and colleagues to help him adapt to a world of words. But now, after 2 lessons, he can finally read—a milestone that has brought him great 3 .
One of Ted’s biggest 4 Reading a copy of Speedway Star magazine that he had kept for 40 years.
Ted grew up in Bradford with dyslexia(阅读障碍) in school but didn’t receive any 5 . Instead, he was sent to a special school where he 6 to fit in. Eventually, he stopped 7 and worked in a factory. Despite his reading 8 , Ted built a career around his 9 for speedway racing. He once 10 as a mechanic at British Speedway.
The turning point came when Ted 11 Australian motorcycle racer Brayden Elliot. 12 by the opportunity to manage the young racer, Ted knew he needed to read emails to take on the 13 . With the support of tutor(导师) Duncan Livsey from Read Easy Derby, Ted has twice-weekly reading lessons. His hard work and positive attitude have made his learning 14 both for him and his tutor.
Ted’s journey proves it’s never too late to learn. And for him, 15 reading that old Speedway Star article was more than just words on a page—it was a lifelong dream fulfilled.
1．A．took on B．relied on C．called on D．checked on
2．A．taking B．selecting C．preparing D．giving
3．A．fortune B．inspiration C．courage D．joy
4．A．ambitions B．strengths C．achievements D．surprises
5．A．assistance B．permission C．reputation D．reception
6．A．managed B．promised C．pretended D．struggled
7．A．reading B．attending C．responding D．wandering
8．A．attitudes B．efforts C．challenges D．desires
9．A．passion B．mood C．purpose D．hope
10．A．retired B．graduated C．coached D．served
11．A．consulted B．encountered C．interviewed D．sponsored
12．A．Attracted B．Amused C．Inspired D．Supported
13．A．role B．adventure C．appearance D．quality
14．A．lasting B．relaxing C．striking D．rewarding
15．A．generally B．eventually C．frequently D．naturally
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Psychologist Zong Min, while pursuing her PhD at Beijing Normal University, led a three-year program to help students who didn’t want to go to school, an issue increasingly troubling parents. The phenomenon 1 (intensify) during the pandemic due to online learning, and Zong realized the situation was worse than initially 2 (estimate).
Referencing a survey conducted in Guangzhou, she noted that 24.6% of junior high school students and 37.6% of senior high school students exhibited 3 (refuse) to attend school. One 4 (memory) case involved a 13-year-old boy who excelled 5 (academic) in primary school but began avoiding classes in junior high.
Drawing on research and personal experience, Zong developed the idea of a program called Xin Niu Dai to bridge schools, parents, and students, assist them to collectively find solutions to alleviate academic pressure, 6 help children regain their passion for life. Pointing to the rise in reluctance to go to school, Zong emphasized that the underlying 7 (cause) have grown more complex today, and parents must face the reality 8 not wanting to go to school is a global challenge, 9 hospitals increasingly establishing specialized clinics for those exhibiting this behavior.
Zong envisions her program 10 (consist) of three sections: helping students discover their resilience, inspiring teachers to recognize a student’s potential rather than criticizing them, and empowering parents to better protect their child’s mental health. Plans include educational leaflets and an AI app for emotional support.
（2025·福建福州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As is universally acknowledged, the Chinese language boasts 1 long-established and far-reaching history. What makes Chinese language particularly 2 (fascinate) is its written form. Chinese characters are the only pictorial written form in modern times, many of 3 have stories behind them. Not only are Chinese characters rich 4 symbolism but also they are amazingly beautiful when 5 (pen) with a brush in the traditional way. Known as Hanzi, Chinese characters are the oldest continuously used writing system. 6 (date) back to as far as the Shang Dynasty, when they were inscribed (刻) on oracle bones, Chinese characters strongly witness their time-honored history.
Chinese characters have been used through a unified system throughout China’s history. One advantage of using the system is that people who speak different dialects can understand each other’s writing and thus the mutual 7 (communicate) can go on smoothly. Different as pronunciation marks are, Chinese characters 8 (use) previously and presently are still being used in other languages such as Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese, indicating they have been working 9 (influence).
With China playing an increasingly important role in the world, Chinese characters are being globally learned due to the fact that the international community have realized 10 great importance it is to speak Chinese language fluently and write Chinese characters beautifully.
03 高考溯源练
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. 1
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 2 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 3 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 4 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 5 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B．She has two children aged eight and four.
C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G．She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
1．Who does Ho teach at LPCH
A．Sick children. B．Young nurses.
C．Medical students. D．Patients’ parents.
2．What is a characteristic of Ho’s job
A．Prioritizing academics. B．Encouraging innovation.
C．Treating various diseases. D．Playing multiple roles.
3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A．Offering regular lessons. B．Paying extra attention.
C．Assigning no schoolwork. D．Showing no sympathy.
4．How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good
A．It eases peer pressure. B．It helps them live in hope.
C．It frees them from aches. D．It entertains them with stories.
()
()
()第07讲 选修四 词汇考点
目录 01 课标达标练 【题型一】易考单词变形 【题型二】核心单词拼写 【题型三】重点短语词组 02 核心突破练 【题型一】阅读词汇和短语 【题型二】完形词汇和短语 【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语 03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Claire had an (appoint) to paint her nails.
【答案】appointment
【详解】考查名词。句意：克莱尔约好要涂指甲了。此处作had的宾语，应用名词形式appointment，意为“约会；预约”，前面有不定冠词an修饰，应用单数形式，have an appointment意为“约会，约定”，符合语意。故填appointment。
2．We ensure that activities will take place under the (guide) of an experienced tutor.
【答案】guidance
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们确保活动将在经验丰富的导师的指导下进行。由the和of可知，空格处用名词，guide的名词是guidance，意为“指导”，是不可数名词，故填guidance。
3．Feeling (guilt) about yelling at her mom, she wrote a letter to apologize that night.
【答案】guilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她对冲妈妈大喊大叫感到内疚，因此那天晚上她写了一封信道歉。此处应为形容词作表语，guilt的形容词为guilty，意为“内疚的”符合句意。故填guilty。
4． (suppose) that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
【答案】Supposing
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：假设没有反对意见的话，我们就在这里召开会议。引导条件状语从句，表示“假设”用supposing，首字母大写。故填Supposing。
5．I can lend you my bike condition that you must return it before Friday.
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词固定搭配。句意：我可以把自行车借给你，条件是你必须在周五前归还。“on condition that”为固定短语，意为“在……条件下；如果”，用于引导条件状语从句，符合“借车”与“按时归还”的条件关系。故填on。
6．Then I walked away, pretending not to have heard anything. However, I felt (cheat) and it really depressed me.
【答案】cheated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我转身离开了，假装什么都没听见。然而，我感到很受欺骗，这真的让我心情低落。此处I与cheat为被动关系，故用过去分词作表语。故填cheated。
7．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest and most (rely) fellow in the world.
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：但我知道，如果吉米还活着，他一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是世界上最真诚、最可靠的人。此处为形容词作定语，与形容词“truest”并列，共同修饰名词fellow，rely的形容词为reliable表示“可靠的”，符合语境。故填reliable。
8．I could hardly recognize her (instant) I saw her after a couple of years.
【答案】instantly/the instant
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：过了几年之后再次见到她时，我简直都认不出她了。引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”用instantly/the instant。故填instantly/the instant。
9．Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
【答案】where
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：坐落于一带一路的交汇点，江苏将为一带一路建设作出更大的贡献。引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”用where。故填where。
10．After failing the exam three times, the student felt (discourage) and considered dropping out.
【答案】discouraged.
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在三次考试不及格后，这个学生感到气馁，并考虑退学。空白处作表语，应填形容词形式，且此处描述的是学生的感受，所以用-ed结尾的形容词discouraged，意为“气馁的，沮丧的”。故填discouraged。
11．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！
【答案】ashamed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：感到尴尬和羞愧，我无法集中精力做任何事情。请帮帮我！此处为形容词作状语，根据空前的形容词embarrassed和and可知，此处应填shame的形容词形式ashamed，意为“感到羞愧得”，修饰主语I，表示主语当时的状态。故填ashamed。
12．We were about to have a picnic in the park a group of unexpected guests arrived.
【答案】when
【详解】考查连词。句意：我们正打算在公园里野餐，这时一群不速之客到了。空处连接两个句子，应填连词，结合句意可知，句子使用了固定句型“be about to do...when...”，意为“正打算做某事，这时……”，when引导时间状语从句，表示“这时，突然”。故填when。
13．The artist, paintings now sell for millions, started as a street performer.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位艺术家最初是街头艺人，他的画现在售价数百万美元。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是artist，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。
14．Scientists are trying to (precise) measure the impact of climate change on the polar ice caps.
【答案】precisely
【详解】考查副词。句意：科学家们正试图精确地测量气候变化对极地冰盖的影响。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词measure，precisely，表“准确地”，为副词，符合语境。故填precisely。
15．Her (intend) to quit the job surprised everyone.
【答案】intention
【详解】考查名词。句意：她打算辞职的想法让每个人都很惊讶。此处需用名词作句子的主语，intend的名词形式为intention，intention to do sth.表示“做某事的意图”。故填intention。
16．His (embarrass) look showed he didn’t catch what I just said.
【答案】embarrassed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他尴尬的表情表明他没听懂我刚才说的话。此处为形容词作定语，embarrass的形容词embarrassed意为“感到尴尬的”，常用来修饰人或与人有关的表情、声音等，符合句意。故填embarrassed。
17．He showed me several options for the project, none of seemed feasible (可行的) within our budget.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给我看了项目的几个方案，但没有一个在我们的预算内是可行的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词several options，指物，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
18．University applicants who have work experience will receive (prefer).
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意：有工作经验的大学申请者将获得优先权。设空处为receive的宾语，应用名词形式，故填preference。
19．The animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard and (oppose) wearing fur coats.
【答案】opposed
【详解】考查时态。句意：动物保护主义者聚集在好莱坞大道，反对穿毛皮大衣。根据并列连词and前动词gathered可知，这里为并列的谓语动词，所以用一般过去时。根据句意，故填opposed。
20．Keep in mind that it is no good (recite)without understanding.
【答案】reciting
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：记住，没有理解就背诵是没有用的。分析句子可知，这里考查 It is no good doing sth.，是一个固定句型，意思是“做某事没有好处/意义”。 这个句型中的“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语“doing sth.”。故填reciting。
21．He has been dreaming of becoming a (law) since childhood.
【答案】lawyer
【详解】考查名词。句意：他从小就梦想成为一名律师。“law”意为“法律”，根据语境，此处表示“律师”，为名词“lawyer”，且由“a”可知用单数作表语。故填lawyer。
22．You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I agree.
【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你说每个人都应该是平等的，这是我不同意的地方。“____ I agree”是表语从句，从句中谓语动词agree是不及物动词，后面不需要宾语，结合句意，表示“在……地方”，应用连接副词where作地点状语。故填where。
23． made her very sad was that she lost her necklace.
【答案】What
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：使她非常伤心的是她丢了项链。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接词what引导。位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
24．One thing to consider is you can turn to for help when you are in trouble.
【答案】who/whom
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：需要考虑的一点是，当你遇到困难时，你可以向谁寻求帮助。引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指人，故填who/whom。
25．You will have to work out (month) budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal.
【答案】monthly
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你们需要制定每月的预算计划，一旦做出错误的决定，可能会给公司带来巨大的损失。修饰名词budgets用形容词monthly，故填monthly。
26．Festivals are becoming more and more (commerce) with businesses taking advantage of the celebration.
【答案】commercial/commercialized
【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着商家利用节日进行营销，节日变得越来越商业化。此处为形容词作表语，commerce的形容词形式为commercial意为“商业的”或commercialized意为“商业化的”，表示节日逐渐具有商业性质或被商业化，均符合句意。故填commercial/commercialized。
27．Employers look favorably at (apply) who have rich work experience.
【答案】applicants
【详解】考查名词。句意：雇主对拥有丰富工作经验的申请者评价较高。根据空前的介词at可知，此处应填名词作宾语，结合语境“拥有丰富工作经验的……”可知，此处指“申请者”，应用apply的名词applicant。空处需要名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填applicants。
28．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week because of the bad weather.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息传来，由于天气不好，学生们将把郊游推迟到下周。空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明Word的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此使用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
29．They have hired a computer (consult) to assess how the company can upgrade its system.
【答案】consultant
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们聘请了一位计算机顾问来评估公司如何升级系统。句中用名词作宾语。consult的名词形式为consultant，表示“顾问”之意。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填consultant。
30．Under Qian’s (leader), China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
【答案】leadership
【详解】考查名词。句意：在钱的领导下，中国发展了东风导弹，随后是第一代长征火箭。空处位于名词所有格Qian’s后面，需填名词leadership，表示“领导”，作介词宾语。故填leadership。
31．The company’s success was built on the (assume) that demand would continue to grow.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司的成功建立在需求将持续增长的假设之上。根据空前定冠词the及空后“that demand would continue to grow”可知，空处应用名词assumption，表示“假设”，作介词on的宾语，on the assumption that是固定短语，意为“假定……；在……的假设之下”。故填assumption。
32．When pupils do reading (comprehend), they do an exercise to find out how well they understand a piece of spoken or written language.
【答案】comprehension
【详解】考查名词。句意：当学生进行阅读理解时，他们会做一项练习来检验他们对一段口语或书面语言的理解程度。空处作宾语，需用名词comprehension，为不可数名词。故填comprehension。
33．Leon graduated after demonstrating the appropriate level of understanding and technical (competent).
【答案】competence/competency
【详解】考查名词。句意：Leon 在展现出适当水平的理解力和技术能力后毕业了。此处在句中作介词of的宾语，故应用名词competence/competency，表示“能力”。故填competence/competency。
34．Vocational education generally prepares people to work in a specific (occupy) by teaching theory in the classroom.
【答案】occupation
【详解】考查名词。句意：职业教育通常通过在课堂上教授理论，使人们为从事特定职业做好准备。本空作in的宾语，应填名词occupation“职业”，根据空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填occupation。
35．The artist spent months perfecting the (compose) of his painting.
【答案】composition
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位艺术家花了几个月的时间来完善他的绘画构图。设空处应填名词作宾语，compose的名词形式是composition，意为“构图；作品”，此处表示绘画的构图，该词表示“构图”含义时，为不可数名词，使用单数，故填composition。
36．This is a (stimulate) discussion.
【答案】stimulating
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一次令人振奋的讨论。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词discussion，stimulate的形容词是stimulating，意为“使人兴奋的”。故填stimulating。
37．He recited the whole poem in one (breathe).
【答案】breath
【详解】考查名词。句意：他一口气背诵了整首诗。空前有one，空格处用名词单数，breathe的名词是breath，意为“ 一口气”。故填breath。
38． I knew it, the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life.
【答案】Before
【详解】考查连词。句意：不知不觉，毕业典礼结束了，我的大学生活也落下了帷幕。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”应用before，首字母大写。故填Before。
39．A recent survey on Chinese people’s reading habits, (base)on a random sample of more than10, 000 people from 30 cities across China, revealed that the Chinese spend a lot of time reading.
【答案】based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一项关于中国人阅读习惯的最新调查显示，中国人花费大量时间阅读。该调查基于来自中国30个城市的超过10,000人的随机样本。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。be based on“以……为基础”，该短语需要去掉be动词，过去分词作状语。故填based。
40．There are different opinions and (evaluate) of college supervisors.
【答案】evaluations
【详解】考查名词。句意：对高校辅导员的评价和看法不一。空处作主语，应用名词evaluation，根据上文opinions可知用名词复数形式。故填evaluations。
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．The CEO had to (辞职) due to the company’s funding issue.
【答案】resign
【详解】考查动词。句意：由于公司资金方面的问题，这位首席执行官不得不辞职。根据汉语提示可知用动词resign，且位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形。故填resign。
42．Learning to have (仁慈，宽恕) on yourself is as important as forgiving others.
【答案】mercy
【详解】考查名词。句意：学会对自己仁慈和原谅别人一样重要。have mercy on...为固定短语，意为 “对…… 仁慈”，mercy 作have的宾语。故填mercy。
43．The farmers celebrated the (丰收)with a festival, showcasing the year’s fruitful crops.
【答案】harvest
【详解】考查名词。句意：农民们举办庆典庆祝丰收，展示这一年的累累硕果。根据汉语提示“丰收”及不定冠词the可知，此处应填名词harvest，特指“丰收”用单数。故填harvest。
44．In our society respecting the old and cherishing the young is a traditional (美德), to which people attach great importance.
【答案】virtue
【详解】考查名词。句意：在我们的社会中，尊老爱幼是一种传统美德，人们非常重视它。根据汉语提示 “美德”以及不定冠词a可知，此处应填可数名词单数virtue作表语；a traditional virtue 表示 “一种传统美德” 。故填virtue。
45．She refused to (作弊) on her exams, believing in the value of hard work and honesty.
【答案】cheat
【详解】考查动词。句意：她拒绝在考试中作弊，坚信努力和诚实的价值。“作弊”用动词cheat，在不定式符号to后用原形，构成不定式短语作宾语。故填cheat。
46．A gentle breeze was blowing, (使……起皱纹) the lake with a series of delicate ripples that danced far away.
【答案】wrinkling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：微风轻轻吹拂，湖面泛起圈圈涟漪，粼粼波纹闪烁着，跳跃着，向远方荡漾开去。“使……起皱纹”应该用动词wrinkle，空格处作状语，动词wrinkle与句子的主语A gentle breeze之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词wrinkling。故填wrinkling。
47．His (任命) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting.
【答案】appointment
【详解】考查名词。句意：他被任命为公司总经理一事在会议上宣布了。his为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，appointment 作“任命” 讲时为不可数名词，作主语。故填appointment。
48．The company operates under the (原则) that customer satisfaction is the top priority.
【答案】principle
【详解】考查名词。句意：公司的经营宗旨是顾客满意至上。表示“原则”使用名词principle，在句中作under的宾语，故填principle。
49．Tom (通信) with his pen friend John regularly.
【答案】corresponds
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汤姆经常和他的笔友约翰通信。“通信”是correspond，由regularly可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语Tom是第三人称单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填corresponds。
50．He (折叠) his arms over his chest and shouted loudly.
【答案】folded
【详解】考查时态。句意：他双臂交叉抱在胸前，大声喊叫。“折叠”是fold，由and shouted可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填folded。
51．With a (手势) of frustration, she swept the cards from the table.
【答案】gesture
【详解】考查名词。句意：带着沮丧的手势，她把桌子上的卡片一扫而空。根据汉语提示“手势”可知，空格处涉及单词“gesture”，意为“手势”，为可数名词，不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数，作宾语。故填gesture。
52．My son is a quiet and (温和的) man who likes sports and enjoys life．
【答案】gentle
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的儿子是一个安静温和的人，他喜欢运动，享受生活。根据汉语提示“温和的”以及空前的“quiet and”可知，此处应填形容词gentle，与quiet并列作定语修饰名词man。故填gentle。
53．She spoke with tears and tried to win everyone’s (同情).
【答案】sympathy
【详解】考查名词。句意：她含着眼泪说话，试图赢得大家的同情。所有格everyone’s后跟名词，“同情”的名词是sympathy，是不可数名词，作宾语，故填sympathy。
54．Judging from his strong (口音), we know he is from Guangdong province.
【答案】accent
【详解】考查名词。句意：从他浓重的口音判断，我们知道他来自广东省。根据汉语提示“口音”，以及上文 his strong 可知此处应填单数名词作宾语，accent 表示“口音”，为可数名词。故填accent。
55．We (获得) special permission to reproduce the book in our magazine.
【答案】obtained
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们获得了特别许可，可以在我们的杂志上转载这本书。根据汉语提示“获得”可知应填动词obtain，作谓语，结合语境可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填obtained。
56．The tour guide is (博学的) about the local customs and traditions, which in turn helps promote the local tourism.
【答案】knowledgeable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：导游了解当地的风俗习惯，这反过来又有助于促进当地的旅游业。根据汉语提示和空格前的is可知，空格处应该用形容词knowledgeable作表语。故填knowledgeable。
57．The (摩擦) between the two co-workers made meetings tense and uncomfortable.
【答案】friction
【详解】考查名词。句意：这两位同事之间的摩擦使得会议气氛紧张且令人不适。根据提示的汉语“摩擦”，以及空前的定冠词The可知，此处应填不可数名词friction作主语。故填friction。
58．They appeared (悲观的) about their chances of winning the competition.
【答案】pessimistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们似乎对赢得比赛的机会感到悲观。根据汉语提示“悲观的”可知，本空用形容词pessimistic，作表语。故填pessimistic。
59．The (持续时间) of the school sports meeting was unexpectedly extended by two hours due to the exciting final relay race.
【答案】duration
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于激烈的最后接力赛，学校运动会的持续时间出乎意料地延长了两个小时。The+名词+of。用名词形式在句中作主语。名词“持续时间”英文为duration。根据汉语提示及句意，故填duration。
60．The government announced a significant increase in the education (预算) this year, aiming to improve school facilities in rural areas.
【答案】budget
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府宣布今年大幅增加教育预算，旨在改善农村地区的学校设施。“预算”应用名词budget，作介词in的宾语。此处特指在教育方面的预算，应用单数形式。故填budget。
61． (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings.
【答案】Relevant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：海外工作需要相关的工作经验。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填入形容词relevant，表示“相关的”，作定语修饰名词短语work experience，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Relevant。
62．He made a (粗鲁的) gesture at the driver of the other car.
【答案】rude
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他对另一辆车的司机做了一个粗鲁的手势。根据汉语提示“粗鲁的”可知，此处应用形容词rude作定语，修饰名词gesture。故填rude。
63．Wuhan declared (临时的) outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions on Jan. 23.
【答案】temporary
【详解】考查形容词。句意：1月23日，武汉宣布临时对外交通管制。修饰名词短语“outbound traffic restrictions”需用形容词作定语，根据汉语提示及句意，故填temporary。
64．The soldier lifted the phone and dialed his (上级).
【答案】superior
【详解】考查名词。句意：士兵拿起电话，拨通了他上级的电话。根据汉语提示“上级”可知，此处应为名词superior，在句中作宾语。故填superior。
65．She hired a private (侦探) in an attempt to find her daughter.
【答案】detective
【详解】考查名词。句意：她雇了一名私家侦探来设法找到她的女儿。“侦探”作宾语，用可数名词detective，结合冠词a可知，用单数形式。故填detective。
66．She chose a (任意的) book from the library shelf and found a hidden poem written by a famous author.
【答案】random
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她从图书馆的书架上随意选了一本书，发现了一首著名作家写的隐藏的诗。根据汉语提示可知，random“任意的”，形容词作定语修饰名词book，符合题意。故填random。
67．It’s never a good idea to take sleeping (药片) regularly.
【答案】tablets
【详解】考查名词。句意：经常服用安眠药绝不是个好主意。空处应用名词，作宾语；根据汉语提示，tablet表示“药片”，为可数名词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填tablets。
68．He (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
【答案】criticised/criticized
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他批评我没有按时完成工作。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用动词“criticise/criticize”，表示“批评”，且句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，“criticise sb. for (doing) sth.”为固定用法，表示“因……而批评某人”，符合语境。故填criticised/criticized。
69．He’s been informed that he doesn’t (取得资格) for the scholarship because of his academic background.
【答案】qualify
【详解】考查动词。句意：他已被告知，由于学术背景原因，他没有资格获得该奖学金。根据提示的汉语“取得资格”以及助动词doesn’t可知，此处应填动词原形qualify，在句中作谓语。故填qualify。
70．Her head still hurt, and she felt slightly (头晕的) and had to sit down. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】dizzy/faint
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她的头还在疼，她觉得有点头晕，不得不坐下来。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用形容词dizzy或faint，作表语。故填dizzy或faint。
题型三 重点短语词组
71．如果按计划实施，这次合并将诞生亚洲最大的科技公司。
The merger, as planned, will create the largest tech company in Asia.
【答案】 if carried out
【详解】考查条件状语从句的省略。根据句意，此处为if引导的条件状语从句的省略结构，当从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，表示“实施”为carry out，与主语the merger之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，完整形式为if it is carried out as planned。故填①if②carried③out。
72．This is a small car it can only hold five persons.
这辆汽车太小了，只能容纳5个人。
【答案】 such that
【详解】考查状语从句。此处引导结果状语从句，为句型： such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+ that 从句。故填①such；②that。
73．如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it .
【答案】if you could agree to my request
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“如果……将不胜感激”用固定句型would appreciate it if sb. could do...，从句中主语为you；表示“同意我的要求”为agree to my request。故填if you could agree to my request。
74．通过这次活动，你将了解到一些曾为社会做出卓越贡献的令人钦佩的人物，尤其是他们如何用勇气和智慧克服巨大挑战。
From this event, you’ll learn about some , especially how .
【答案】 admirable people who have made outstanding contributions to society they overcame great challenges with courage and wisdom。
【详解】考查形容词及从句。根据汉语提示可知，第一空需要补全 “曾为社会做出卓越贡献的令人钦佩的人物”，“令人钦佩的”用 admirable，“一些人”用some people，此处用定语从句修饰先行词some people，关系代词用who，在从句中作主语。“为社会做出卓越贡献”可译为make outstanding contributions to society，句子陈述过去的事实对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态，从句主语who指代some people，所以助动词用have；第二空需要补全“他们如何用勇气和智慧克服巨大挑战”，“用勇气和智慧”用 with courage and wisdom，在从句中作状语，主语为they，“克服巨大挑战”译为overcome great challenges，从句陈述过去事实，所以用一般过去时态。故填①admirable people who have made outstanding contributions to society②they overcame great challenges with courage and wisdom。
75．警察一接到电话，他们就赶到现场，那里发生了交通事故。
The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene, .
【答案】where a traffic accident happened
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。分析句子结构可知，空为处非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the scene”（现场），表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。“发生交通事故”译为a traffic accident happened，句子时态与前文“rushed”一致，用一般过去时。故填where a traffic accident happened。
76．此外，餐桌礼仪也是你应该注意的事情。
Besides, table manners are also the thing .
【答案】 you should pay attention to
【详解】考查定语从句。“你应该注意”处理为修饰the thing的定语从句，“注意”表达为pay attention to，代替先行词the thing在从句中作介词to的宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导从句，或省略关系代词，故填you should pay attention to。
77．我们坚持海洋探索，是为了了解人类的起源。
The reason exploring the sea we want to know the origin of human beings.
【答案】 why we insist on/persist in/ keep (on) /for our insisting/persisting on is that
【详解】考查定语从句、表语从句和短语。根据动词want以及句意可知此句陈述一般性事实，用一般现在时；表示“……的理由是……”可用句型为the reason why…is that…，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句；第一空主语为we；表示“坚持……”可用insist on/persist in/ keep (on)；“……的理由”也可表述为the reason for，后跟名词/动名词作宾语，“我们坚持……”为our insisting/persisting on；第一空填why we insist on/persist in/ keep (on) 或for our insisting/persisting on；第二空填is that。故填why we insist on/persist in/ keep (on) /for our insisting/persisting on；②is that。
78．重庆人民为过去十年来他们所取得的成就感到骄傲。(what)
People in Chongqing are proud of .
【答案】what they have achieved in the past ten years
【详解】考查宾语从句。根据句意和中文提示可知，空处表示“过去十年来他们所取得的成就”，可用名词性从句作of宾语，“他们”they作从句主语，“过去十年来”为in the past ten years作时间状语，从句时态应用现在完成时，“取得（成就）”用动词achieve作谓语动词，从句缺宾语，指物，用连接代词what引导，故填what they have achieved in the past ten years。
79．You could register online and e-learning courses.
你可以在线注册并订阅网络课程。
【答案】subscribe to
【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“订阅”，应用固定短语“subscribe to”，且空处与“register”为并列的谓语动词，位于情态动词“could”之后，应用动词原形。故填subscribe to。
80．从南极洲旅行归来后，他们肯定需要时间重新适应假期结束后的生活。(bound)
After returning from their trip to Antarctica, they to readjust to their post-holiday life.
【答案】are bound to take time
【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，“肯定做”使用固定短语be bound to do，“需要时间做”使用动词短语take time to do，句子是描述一个一般性事实，使用一般现在时，主语they表示复数意义，be动词使用are，故填are bound to take time。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（24-25高三下·贵州安顺·阶段练习）In today’s interconnected world, maintaining personal independence is more important than ever. While cooperating with and relying on others are essential aspects of modern life, an overdependence on external (外部的) systems, technology, or individuals can gradually destroy autonomy, kill personal growth, and compromise one’s ability to deal with challenges.
First, independence develops self-reliance and adaptability. In a rapidly changing world, individuals must adapt to unexpected circumstances, from economic downturns (衰退) to technological disruptions. For example, someone who has developed financial knowledge and self-sufficiency is better equipped to handle economic challenges than someone who relies entirely on others for support. Independence enables individuals to take control of their lives and make informed decisions without being overly influenced by external forces.
Second, independence promotes personal growth and self-fulfillment. Relying too much on others can limit one’s opportunities to explore, take risks, and learn from mistakes. When individuals independently pursue their goals and passions, they gain confidence, skills, and a sense of purpose. For example, starting a personal project or business without external backing challenges people to innovate and think critically, developing creativity and problem-solving abilities.
Maintaining independence protects individuality and personal identity in a world where conformity (遵从) is often encouraged. Social media and cultural trends can pressure individuals to agree with popular opinions or adopt popular lifestyles, potentially hiding their true selves. Independence allows people to form their own beliefs, values, and priorities, making them more empowered to contribute uniquely to society.
Critics might argue that independence risks isolation or the loss of community values. However, independence does not prevent cooperation or meaningful relationships. In fact, truly independent individuals often bring more value to relationships because they contribute from a place of strength and confidence rather than dependency.
Maintaining independence in today’s society is vital for personal growth. While mutual support and interdependence are valuable, they should not come at the cost of autonomy. Keeping a balance between cooperation and independence ensures individuals can thrive in an ever-evolving world.
1．Who may handle economic challenges better according to Paragraph 2
A．People depending on themselves. B．People making innovative decisions.
C．People influenced by external forces. D．People relying on unexpected settings.
2．Why does independence matter in a world encouraging conformity
A．It makes people form common beliefs. B．It allows people to maintain self-hood.
C．It enables people to lead cultural trends. D．It helps people develop their intelligence.
3．Which can best describe an independent person in relationships
A．Confident and helpful. B．Isolated and indifferent.
C．Cooperative and proud. D．Critical and autonomous.
4．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By inferring and comparing. B．By showing cause and effect.
C．By giving opinions and examples. D．By stating problems and solutions.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章强调了在当今社会中保持独立性的重要性，指出独立性有助于培养自力更生、促进个人成长、保护个人身份，并能为关系带来更多价值，同时强调在合作与独立之间保持平衡是个人在快速变化的世界中蓬勃发展的关键。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For example, someone who has developed financial knowledge and self-sufficiency is better equipped to handle economic challenges than someone who relies entirely on others for support. (例如，一个具备财务知识和自给自足能力的人，比完全依赖他人支持的人更能应对经济挑战)”可知，自立的人更能应对经济挑战。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Independence allows people to form their own beliefs, values, and priorities, making them more empowered to contribute uniquely to society. (独立性使人们能够形成自己的信仰、价值观和优先事项，从而让他们更有能力以独特的方式为社会做出贡献)”可知，在一个鼓励从众的世界里，独立很重要，因为它能让人们保持自我。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In fact, truly independent individuals often bring more value to relationships because they contribute from a place of strength and confidence rather than dependency. (事实上，真正独立的个体往往能为关系带来更多价值，因为他们从力量和自信的角度做出贡献，而不是依赖他人)”可知，真正独立的人从力量和自信的角度为人际关系做出贡献。因此，独立的人在人际关系中表现为自信和乐于助人。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。文章的第二、三、四段分别阐述独立性培养自力更生和适应能力、促进个人成长和自我实现、在鼓励从众的世界中保护个人身份的重要性的观点，并通过相应的例子来支持观点，第五段反驳独立性可能导致孤立的批评，并通过独立个体在关系中贡献更多价值的例子来支持其论点。因此，文章主要通过提出观点并结合具体例子来展开论述。故选C项。
（2025·山东潍坊·三模）Understanding a simple-looking sentence such as “I read this article yesterday” actually requires some complex grammatical processing: a subject (“I”) performed an action (“read”) on an object (“article”) at a specific time (“yesterday”). But the human brain routinely does this work nearly without delay, says linguist (语言学家) Andrea E. Martin of the Max Planck Institute in the Netherlands. And Martin’s team has now revealed that the human brain adjusts its processing methods based on grammatical rules of different languages.
The researchers observed variations in Dutch-speaking (说荷兰语的) participants’ brain waves while they listened to a Dutch-language audiobook. To visualize these changes, the scientists used a system measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence. It was then tested against three different parsing (语法分析) strategies, or linguistic models that illustrate how the brain builds information over time.
Previous English-based studies concluded in favor of a model where listeners “wait and see” how each phrase in a sentence will end before interpreting it. But the Dutch speakers in Martin’s study preferred a highly predictive model; participants tended to finish each phrase before it was complete. A third model, in which listeners wait to hear all the phrases in a sentence before interpreting any part of it, is seldom used in either language.
In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W. Coopmans. For instance, “I ate a cookie with chocolate” in Dutch would be “I the cookie with chocolate ate.” “You would have to wait very long for the verb to come,” Coopmans says. “And that’s probably unrealistically late; you’re probably much more predictive in processing the sentence.”
The findings support the need for scientists to include more diversity when designing linguistic models. “If we only study English speakers, we’ll miss crucial variations in how brains handle different language systems,” Martin warns. “Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language is going to help us clarify how the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social functions of language,” Martin says.
1．How does the human brain process languages
A．By shortening the sentence. B．By concentrating on subjects.
C．By relying on language sense. D．By applying rules of grammar.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The system. B．The audiobook. C．The brain. D．The sentence.
3．The Dutch predict the meaning of “Tom drew an oil painting.” in Dutch when hearing ________.
A．Tom. B．Drew. C．Oil. D．Painting.
4．What can be concluded from Martin’s words in the last paragraph
A．The language structures need improving.
B．Samples of research should be expanded.
C．The functions of language call for further study.
D．English speakers account for the largest number.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讲述了理解简单句子需要复杂的语法处理，人类大脑能快速完成这项工作，且会根据不同语言的语法规则调整处理方法。研究人员通过观察荷兰语使用者听音频书时脑波变化，发现其偏好高度预测性模型，与英语研究结论不同。荷兰语句子结构特点使听众需更预测性地处理句子，研究支持科学家在设计语言模型时纳入更多多样性，有助于大脑对语言结构和社交功能的理解。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“But the human brain routinely does this work nearly without delay, says linguist (语言学家) Andrea E. Martin of the Max Planck Institute in the Netherlands. And Martin’s team has now revealed that the human brain adjusts its processing methods based on grammatical rules of different languages.(但荷兰马克斯普朗克研究所的语言学家安德里亚·E·马丁说，人类的大脑通常会毫不拖延地完成这项工作。马丁的团队现在已经揭示，人类大脑根据不同语言的语法规则调整其处理方法)”可知，人类大脑通常会几乎毫不拖延地完成理解任务，会根据不同语言的语法规则调整其处理方法。因此可知，大脑通过运用语法规则处理语言。故选D。
2．词义猜测题。根据前文“To visualize these changes, the scientists used a system measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence. It was then tested against three different parsing (语法分析) strategies, or linguistic models that illustrate how the brain builds information over time.(为了可视化这些变化，科学家们使用了一种系统来测量大脑对句子中接下来可能出现的单词做出了多少新的“预测”。然后它进行了三种不同的解析策略或语言模型的测试，这些策略或语言模型说明了大脑如何随着时间的推移构建信息)”可知，it指代前句提到的系统，即对这种系统进行了三种测试。故选A。
3．推理判断题题。根据第四段的“In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W. Coopmans. For instance, “I ate a cookie with chocolate” in Dutch would be “I the cookie with chocolate ate.” “You would have to wait very long for the verb to come,” Coopmans says. “And that’s probably unrealistically late; you’re probably much more predictive in processing the sentence.”(该研究的主要作者CasW.Coopmans解释说，在荷兰语的语言结构中，动词出现在句子末尾，而不是像英语那样紧跟在主语之后。例如，荷兰语中的“我吃了一块巧克力饼干”是“我巧克力饼干吃”。库普曼斯说：“你得等很长时间才能等到这个动词。”这可能是不切实际的迟到；你在处理句子时可能更有预测力。”)”可知，动词出现在最后让人们在处理句子时更具预测力。由此推测，荷兰人在听到drew这个动词时预测这句话的意思是“汤姆画了一幅油画”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第一段“The findings support the need for scientists to include more diversity when designing linguistic models. “If we only study English speakers, we’ll miss crucial variations in how brains handle different language systems,” Martin warns. “Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language is going to help us clarify how the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social functions of language,” Martin says.(研究结果表明，科学家在设计语言模型时需要考虑更多的多样性。马丁警告说：“如果我们只研究说英语的人，我们就会错过大脑处理不同语言系统的关键变化。”马丁说：“在大脑如何处理语言的研究中，多样化的研究对象将有助于我们弄清大脑是如何理解语言的结构意义以及语言的社会功能的。”)可知，从马丁最后一段的话中可以得出应该扩大研究样本。故选B。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·湖北黄冈·三模）When Nancy Beiman was 65, she retired from her job as a professor of animation and had no 1 how she would 2 her days.
One day, she woke up with an idea for a comic strip (连环漫画). Beiman had been doing most of her drawing on a computer, but for this new idea, she returned to drawing 3 on paper, then 4 them with a brush pen. She created a character based on a kitten from an old project and added two dogs and a little girl who 5 her of the children’s book character Pippi Longstocking. This led to FurBabies, a comic about a family of dogs, a cat, and a child who can all speak the same language. The dogs and the cat take care of nine-year-old Kate while her parents are 6 .
Nancy wasn’t planning to 7 with her idea until she showed her drawings to her friend, Lynn Johnston, a cartoonist. Lynn 8 her and taught her how to write scripts for the comics. Despite her long 9 in animation, transitioning to comics wasn’t 10 for Nancy. In animation, she focused on showing action without words, but comics required her to combine visuals with 11 .
With her friend’s help, Nancy wrote 24 mini-scripts and 12 them to a social platform. In April 2023, she was 13 to be accepted on her first try. Nancy 14 FurBabies daily online, which is a big 15 , but she enjoys the immediate feedback from readers of all ages. It’s like having a film on display every day, bringing smiles to people’s faces. Nancy believes that comics offer some protection from the prejudice against older people in animation studios.
1．A．clue B．plan C．hope D．doubt
2．A．pass B．take C．fill D．manage
3．A．tools B．models C．scenes D．characters
4．A．mixing B．erasing C．inking D．cutting
5．A．informed B．reminded C．accused D．convinced
6．A．at home B．on vacation C．in trouble D．at work
7．A．agree B．continue C．deal D．correspond
8．A．praised B．invited C．encouraged D．warned
9．A．career B．hobby C．experiment D．challenge
10．A．difficult B．possible C．easy D．necessary
11．A．colors B．actions C．dialogue D．music
12．A．submitted B．sold C．read D．copied
13．A．confused B．ashamed C．bored D．thrilled
14．A．prints B．updates C．reviews D．downloads
15．A．risk B．advantage C．commitment D．routine
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述退休动画教授Nancy Beiman晚年创作漫画《FurBabies》的经历，展现她的职业转型与热情。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Nancy Beiman65岁时，从动画教授的岗位退休，完全不知道该如何打发日子。A. clue线索；B. plan计划；C. hope希望；D. doubt怀疑。根据前文“she retired from her job as a professor of animation and had no”和下文“she woke up one day with the idea for a comic strip (连环画)”可知，Nancy Beiman是在一天醒来的偶然情况下，想到了画连环漫画，由此可推知，她退休后一开始不知道该如何打发自己的日子，固定短语have no clue意为“毫无头绪，不知道”符合语境。故选A项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. pass通过；B. take带走；C. fill填充，打发；D. manage管理。根据前文“When Nancy Beiman was 65, she retired from her job as a professor of animation and had no ____1____ how she would”以及后文“her days”可知，Nancy Beiman退休后，不知道如何打发时间。故选C项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Beiman此前大多在电脑上绘画，但这个新想法让她回归到在纸上手绘角色，然后用毛笔上色。A. tools工具；B. models模型；C. scenes场景；D. characters角色。根据后文“She created a character based on a kitten from an old project”可知，Beiman回归到在纸上手绘角色。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. mixing混合；B. erasing擦除；C. inking用墨水描，用墨水填(图)；D. cutting切割。根据前文“Beiman had been doing most of her drawing on a computer, but for this new idea, she returned to drawing ____3____ on paper”和后文“them with a brush pen”可知，Beiman用画笔给所画的角色“上墨”（inking）。故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她根据一个旧项目中的小猫形象创作了一个角色，又添加了两只狗和一个让她想起儿童读物角色长袜子皮皮的小女孩。A. informed通知；B. reminded提醒，使想起；C. accused指责；D. convinced说服，使信服。根据前文“She created a character based on a kitten from an old project and added two dogs and a little girl who”和后文“her of the children’s book character Pippi Longstocking”可知，Beiman添加了一个小女孩的角色，这个小女孩会让她想起儿童读物角色长袜子皮皮。故选B项。
6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当九岁女孩Kate的父母上班时，狗和猫负责照顾她。A. at home在家；B. on vacation度假；C. in trouble处于麻烦中；D. at work工作。根据前文“The dogs and the cat take care of nine-year-old Kate while her parents are”可知，此处指当Kate的父母上班时，狗和猫负责照顾她。故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nancy原本没打算继续这个想法，直到她把画拿给漫画家朋友Lynn Johnston看。A. agree (with)同意；B. continue (with)继续；C. deal (with)处理；D. correspond (with)与……相一致，符合。根据前文“she woke up with an idea for a comic strip (连环漫画)”以及“This led to FurBabies, a comic about a family of dogs, a cat, and a child who can all speak the same language.”可知，Nancy退休后有了创作连环漫画的想法，并创作出《FurBabies》系列连环漫画；结合空后“with her idea until she showed her drawings to her friend, Lynn Johnston, a cartoonist”以及下文她又继续进行创作可推知，此处指她本不打算继续创作连环漫画这个想法，但后来有了转变。故选B项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lynn鼓励了她，并教她如何为漫画写脚本。A. praised赞美，表扬；B. invited邀请；C. encouraged鼓励；D. warned警告。根据后文“her and taught her how to write scripts for the comics”以及下文“With her friend’s help”可知，Lynn鼓励Nancy，并教她如何为漫画写脚本。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管Nancy在动画行业有长期的职业生涯，但转向漫画对她来说并不容易。A. career生涯，职业；B. hobby爱好；C. experiment实验；D. challenge挑战。根据前文“When Nancy Beiman was 65, she retired from her job as a professor of animation”可知，Nancy退休前是一位动画教授，此处指Nancy在动画行业里长期的职业生涯。故选A项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. difficult困难的；B. possible可能的；C. easy容易的；D. necessary必要的。根据前文“taught her how to write scripts for the comics”以及下文“In animation, she focused on showing action without words, but comics required her to combine visuals with ____11____.”可知，尽管Nancy在动画行业有长期的职业生涯，但转向漫画对她来说并不容易，因为在动画中她专注于表现动作而不是话语，而漫画有脚本，将视觉效果与话语结合起来。故选C项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在动画领域，她专注于通过动作而非言语来展现情节，但漫画则要求她将视觉元素与对话相结合。A. colors颜色；B. actions动作；C. dialogue对话；D. music音乐。根据后文“In animation, she focused on showing action without words, but comics required her to combine visuals with”可知，漫画需要Nancy将视觉效果与对话结合。故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在朋友的帮助下，Nancy写了24个迷你脚本，并将它们提交到一个社交平台。A. submitted提交；B. sold卖；C. read读书；D. copied复制。根据后文“Nancy ____14____ FurBabies daily online”以及“but she enjoys the immediate feedback from readers of all ages.”可知，Nancy把写的迷你脚本提交到一个社交平台上。故选A项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2023年4月，她首次尝试就被接受，这让她欣喜若狂。A. confused困惑的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. bored无聊的；D. thrilled狂喜的，激动的。根据后文“to be accepted on her first try”可知，Nancy首次尝试就被接受，这让她很激动、欣喜若狂。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nancy每天都在网上更新《FurBabies》，这是一项重大的奉献，但她享受来自各年龄段读者的即时反馈。A. prints印刷；B. updates更新；C. reviews评论；D. downloads下载。根据后文“FurBabies daily online”以及“ but she enjoys the immediate feedback from readers of all ages”可知，Nancy每天都在网上更新《FurBabies》。故选B项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. risk风险；B. advantage优势；C. commitment投入，奉献；D. routine惯例，常规。根据前文“Nancy ____14____ FurBabies daily online, which is a big”可知，Nancy每天都在网上更新《FurBabies》，需要投入很多的精力，commitment“投入，奉献”符合语境，突出每日更新的持续性和责任感。故选C项。
（2025·山东日照·三模）For most of his life, Ted Midgely couldn’t read. The 58-year-old, who left school at 15, 1 friends and colleagues to help him adapt to a world of words. But now, after 2 lessons, he can finally read—a milestone that has brought him great 3 .
One of Ted’s biggest 4 Reading a copy of Speedway Star magazine that he had kept for 40 years.
Ted grew up in Bradford with dyslexia(阅读障碍) in school but didn’t receive any 5 . Instead, he was sent to a special school where he 6 to fit in. Eventually, he stopped 7 and worked in a factory. Despite his reading 8 , Ted built a career around his 9 for speedway racing. He once 10 as a mechanic at British Speedway.
The turning point came when Ted 11 Australian motorcycle racer Brayden Elliot. 12 by the opportunity to manage the young racer, Ted knew he needed to read emails to take on the 13 . With the support of tutor(导师) Duncan Livsey from Read Easy Derby, Ted has twice-weekly reading lessons. His hard work and positive attitude have made his learning 14 both for him and his tutor.
Ted’s journey proves it’s never too late to learn. And for him, 15 reading that old Speedway Star article was more than just words on a page—it was a lifelong dream fulfilled.
1．A．took on B．relied on C．called on D．checked on
2．A．taking B．selecting C．preparing D．giving
3．A．fortune B．inspiration C．courage D．joy
4．A．ambitions B．strengths C．achievements D．surprises
5．A．assistance B．permission C．reputation D．reception
6．A．managed B．promised C．pretended D．struggled
7．A．reading B．attending C．responding D．wandering
8．A．attitudes B．efforts C．challenges D．desires
9．A．passion B．mood C．purpose D．hope
10．A．retired B．graduated C．coached D．served
11．A．consulted B．encountered C．interviewed D．sponsored
12．A．Attracted B．Amused C．Inspired D．Supported
13．A．role B．adventure C．appearance D．quality
14．A．lasting B．relaxing C．striking D．rewarding
15．A．generally B．eventually C．frequently D．naturally
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Ted Midgely克服阅读障碍、最终学会阅读的励志故事。他从小患有阅读障碍，15岁辍学后依靠朋友同事的帮助适应生活。因为管理摩托车手的工作的激励，他系统地进行了阅读学习。58岁的他终于实现了阅读梦想。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位58岁的年轻人15岁就辍学了，他依靠朋友和同事帮助他适应一个充满文字的世界。A. took on呈现，承担；B. relied on依赖，依靠；C. called on拜访，号召；D. checked on查看，检查。根据前文“For most of his life, Ted Midgely couldn’t read.(Ted Midgely一生中的大部分时间都不识字。)” 可知，Ted Midgely曾经不识字，因此，在文字阅读方面需要依靠别人帮助。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如今，经过学习之后，他终于能够阅读了——这一成就让他感到无比欣喜。A. taking拿走，参加，学习；B. selecting挑选；C. preparing准备；D. giving给与。根据后文“lessons(课程)”可知，应是“参加/学习课程”，“take lessons”，意为“上课”。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如今，经过学习之后，他终于能够阅读了——这一成就让他感到无比欣喜。A. fortune运气，财富；B. inspiration灵感；C. courage勇气；D. joy欢欣，快乐。根据前文“For most of his life, Ted Midgely couldn’t read.(Ted Midgely一生中的大部分时间都不识字。)可知，在过去的大部分时间里，他都不能阅读；而后文“But now, after ____2____ lessons, he can finally read(但现在，经过学习之后，他终于能够阅读了。)”则提到在学习了课程之后，可以自己阅读了。这种历史性的改变应是给他带来了极大的喜悦和欢欣。故选D项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ted最大的成就之一是什么？A. ambitions志向，夙愿；B. strengths优势，长处；C. achievements成就；D. surprises惊讶，惊喜。根据后文“Reading a copy of Speedway Star magazine that he had kept for 40 years.(他翻阅着一本他已经保存了 40 年的《Speedway Star》杂志。)”可知，他能够阅读自己保存40年之久的杂志了，这可以算是他学会阅读后取得的成就之一。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ted在Bradford长大，上学时患有阅读障碍症，但并未得到任何帮助。A. assistance帮助，援助；B. permission允许，许可；C. reputation名誉，名声；D. reception接纳，接待。前文“Ted grew up in Bradford with dyslexia in school(Ted在Bradford长大，上学时患有阅读障碍症)”可知，他上学时有阅读障碍；而后文“Instead, he was sent to a special school(相反，他被送到了一所特殊学校)”则提到，他被送到了一个特殊学校，由此推知，他并没有得到应有的“治疗”或帮助。故选A项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，他被送到了一所特殊学校，在那里他很难适应。A. managed管理，设法做到；B. promised允诺，承诺；C. pretended假装；D. struggled斗争，奋斗。根据前文“Ted grew up in Bradford with dyslexia in school but didn’t receive any ____5____.(Ted在Bradford长大，上学时患有阅读障碍症，但并未得到任何帮助。)”可知，他是带着阅读障碍被送到了新的特殊的学校，由此推知，在这个学校的适应也是吃力的。“struggle to…”有“努力做某事”含义，符合语境。故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，他不再去上学了，而是去了一家工厂工作。A. reading阅读；B. attending上学，出席；C. responding回答，回应；D. wandering漫步，流浪。根据后文“worked in a factory(在工厂工作)”可知，他最终在工厂工作了，由此推知他不再上学了。故选B项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在阅读障碍，但Ted还是凭借对赛车的热爱而成就了一番事业。A. attitudes态度；B. efforts努力；C. challenges困难，挑战；D. desires欲望，愿望。与前文“dyslexia(阅读障碍)”相呼应，这里应也是“阅读障碍”含义，可用“reading challenges(阅读困难)”表达。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在阅读障碍，但Ted还是凭借对赛车的热爱而成就了一番事业。A. passion热爱，热情；B. mood心境，情绪；C. purpose目的，意图；D. hope希望。根据前文“Reading a copy of Speedway Star magazine that he had kept for 40 years.(他翻阅着一本他已经保存了 40 年的《Speedway Star》杂志。)”可知，他保存在这本杂志40年，说明他很热衷于赛车。“one’s passion for…”意为“某人对……的热爱”，符合语境。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他曾在“英国赛道”担任机械师一职。A. retired退休；B. graduated毕业；C. coached训练，指导；D. served服务。“a mechanic(一名机械师)”是他曾经在“英国赛道”担当的工作。“serve as…”意为“作为，充当”，符合语境。故选D项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：转折点出现在Ted遇到澳大利亚摩托车赛车手Brayden Elliot的时候。A. consulted咨询，请教；B. encountered遭遇，偶遇；C. interviewed面试，采访；D. sponsored赞助，主办。后文“Australian motorcycle racer Brayden Elliot(澳大利亚摩托车赛车手Brayden Elliot)”提及的是一位赛车手，而前文提及Ted曾在“英国赛道”担任过机械师，由此推知，他们是偶遇。故选B项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到有机会管理这位年轻车手这一机会的激励，Ted意识到自己需要阅读相关邮件，以便做好担任这一职责的准备。A. Attracted吸引；B. Amused（使）娱乐；C. Inspired鼓励，启发；D. Supported支持。根据后文“…Ted has twice-weekly reading lessons. His hard work and positive attitude have made his learning ____14____ both for him and his tutor.(……泰德每周有两次阅读课。他的勤奋努力和积极态度使他的学习成果不仅对他本人有益，对他的导师来说也是如此。)”可知，Ted因为这个机会而开始学习阅读，并积极努力，获得了好的学习成果，这是这个机会带给他的激励。故选C项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到有机会管理这位年轻车手这一机会的激励，Ted意识到自己需要阅读相关邮件，以便做好担任这一职责的准备。A. role角色，作用，职责；B. adventure冒险；C. appearance外表，外貌；D. quality质量。根据定冠词“the”表特指并结合前文语境可推知，这里的名词对应“manage the young racer(管理这位年轻车手)”这个职务，“role”有“职责，职务”含义。故选A项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的勤奋努力和积极态度使他的学习成果不仅对他本人有益，对他的导师来说也是如此。A. lasting持久的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. striking惊人的，异常的；D. rewarding值得做的，有益的。根据前文“With the support of tutor Duncan Livsey from Read Easy Derby, Ted has twice-weekly reading lessons. His hard work and positive attitude have made his learning…(在“易读易学”德比分校的导师Duncan Livsey的协助下，Ted每周会有两次阅读课程。他的勤奋努力和积极态度使他的学习……)”可知，Ted选择到学习机构学习阅读，在那里导师的指导下，他取得了好的进展，那么他的努力不仅使自己获得了“能够阅读”这一益处，也给自己的导师带来了“好老师”的声誉，即，他的努力不仅使自己获益也使老师获益了。故选D项。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：而对于他而言，最终读到那篇旧版《Speedway Star》的文章，远不止是页面上的文字那么简单——它实现了他长久以来的梦想。A. generally普遍地，一般地；B. eventually最终；C. frequently频繁地；D. naturally自然地。根据后文内容“reading that old Speedway Star article(阅读那篇旧的《Speedway Star》杂志上的文章)”可知，阅读这本杂志是Ted付出努力学习阅读而最终实现的。故选B项。
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Psychologist Zong Min, while pursuing her PhD at Beijing Normal University, led a three-year program to help students who didn’t want to go to school, an issue increasingly troubling parents. The phenomenon 1 (intensify) during the pandemic due to online learning, and Zong realized the situation was worse than initially 2 (estimate).
Referencing a survey conducted in Guangzhou, she noted that 24.6% of junior high school students and 37.6% of senior high school students exhibited 3 (refuse) to attend school. One 4 (memory) case involved a 13-year-old boy who excelled 5 (academic) in primary school but began avoiding classes in junior high.
Drawing on research and personal experience, Zong developed the idea of a program called Xin Niu Dai to bridge schools, parents, and students, assist them to collectively find solutions to alleviate academic pressure, 6 help children regain their passion for life. Pointing to the rise in reluctance to go to school, Zong emphasized that the underlying 7 (cause) have grown more complex today, and parents must face the reality 8 not wanting to go to school is a global challenge, 9 hospitals increasingly establishing specialized clinics for those exhibiting this behavior.
Zong envisions her program 10 (consist) of three sections: helping students discover their resilience, inspiring teachers to recognize a student’s potential rather than criticizing them, and empowering parents to better protect their child’s mental health. Plans include educational leaflets and an AI app for emotional support.
【答案】
1．intensified 2．estimated 3．refusal 4．memorable 5．academically 6．and 7．causes 8．that 9．with 10．consisting
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了北京师范大学心理学家宗敏领导的一个项目，该项目旨在帮助那些难以上学的学生。
1．考查一般过去时。句意：疫情期间，由于在线学习，这种现象加剧，宗意识到情况比最初估计的要糟糕。根据时间状语“during the pandemic”可知此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填intensified。
2．考查固定短语。句意：同上。…than estimated“比预估的要更……”，固定短语，故填estimated。
3．考查名词。句意：她引用了在广州进行的一项调查，指出24.6%的初中生和37.6%的高中生表现出拒绝上学的行为。空处应填名词作宾语，refusal“拒绝”，不可数名词，故填refusal。
4．考查形容词。句意：一个令人难忘的案例涉及一个13岁的男孩，他在小学学习成绩优异，但在初中开始逃课。空处修饰名词case，应填形容词作定语，故填memorable。
5．考查副词。句意：同上。空处修饰动词excelled，应填副词作状语，故填academically。
6．考查连词。句意：根据研究和个人经历，Zong提出了一个名为“Xin Niu Dai”的项目的想法，旨在弥合学校、家长和学生之间的桥梁，帮助他们共同寻找缓解学业压力的解决方案，帮助孩子们重拾对生活的热情。bridge、assist和help是并列的关系，使用and连接，故填and。
7．考查名词复数。句意：针对不愿上学现象的增加，宗强调，潜在的原因在今天变得更加复杂，家长必须面对这样一个现实，即不愿上学是一个全球性的挑战，越来越多的医院为有这种行为的人建立了专门的诊所。空处是宾语从句的主语，结合空后的have可知应用名词复数作主语，故填causes。
8．考查同位语从句。句意：同上。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明reality的内容，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故填that。
9．考查介词。句意：同上。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”作状语，故填with。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：宗设想她的项目由三个部分组成：帮助学生发现他们的韧性，激励老师认识学生的潜力而不是批评他们，以及让父母更好地保护孩子的心理健康。envision sb/sth doing sth“设想某人/某物做某事”，故填consisting。
（2025·福建福州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As is universally acknowledged, the Chinese language boasts 1 long-established and far-reaching history. What makes Chinese language particularly 2 (fascinate) is its written form. Chinese characters are the only pictorial written form in modern times, many of 3 have stories behind them. Not only are Chinese characters rich 4 symbolism but also they are amazingly beautiful when 5 (pen) with a brush in the traditional way. Known as Hanzi, Chinese characters are the oldest continuously used writing system. 6 (date) back to as far as the Shang Dynasty, when they were inscribed (刻) on oracle bones, Chinese characters strongly witness their time-honored history.
Chinese characters have been used through a unified system throughout China’s history. One advantage of using the system is that people who speak different dialects can understand each other’s writing and thus the mutual 7 (communicate) can go on smoothly. Different as pronunciation marks are, Chinese characters 8 (use) previously and presently are still being used in other languages such as Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese, indicating they have been working 9 (influence).
With China playing an increasingly important role in the world, Chinese characters are being globally learned due to the fact that the international community have realized 10 great importance it is to speak Chinese language fluently and write Chinese characters beautifully.
【答案】
1．a 2．fascinating 3．which 4．in 5．penned 6．Dating 7．communication 8．used 9．influentially 10．what
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了汉字的历史、特点及全球影响力。
1．考查冠词。句意：众所周知，汉语有着悠久而深远的历史。此处泛指“一段悠久而深远的历史”，且long-established是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
2．考查形容词。句意：汉语特别吸引人的是它的书写形式。空处需用形容词作宾语补足语，fascinate的形容词fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”，用于修饰物。故填fascinating。
3．考查定语从句。句意：汉字是现代唯一的一种图画文字，其中许多汉字背后都有故事。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese characters，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
4．考查介词。句意：汉字不仅富有象征意义，而且用传统的方式用毛笔书写时也非常漂亮。be rich in…“在……方面丰富”，为固定短语。故填in。
5．考查状语从句的省略。句意：汉字不仅富有象征意义，而且用传统的方式用毛笔书写时也非常漂亮。when引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，本句的完整句子为when they are penned with a brush in the traditional way，省略了they are，保留过去分词。故填penned。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：汉字可以追溯到商代，当时它们被刻在甲骨上，汉字有力地见证了它们悠久的历史。本句已有谓语witness，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，date back to“追溯到”，无被动语态，所以空处需用现在分词dating作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Dating。
7．考查名词。句意：使用这个系统的一个优点是，说不同方言的人可以理解彼此的书写，从而使相互交流能够顺利进行。空处需用名词作主语，communicate的名词为communication“交流”，不可数名词。故填communication。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管发音标记不同，但以前和现在使用的汉字仍然被用于其他语言，如日语、韩语和越南语，这表明它们一直在发挥作用。本句已有谓语are being used，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词Chinese characters，use和该名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
9．考查副词。句意：尽管发音标记不同，但以前和现在使用的汉字仍然被用于其他语言，如日语、韩语和越南语，这表明它们一直在发挥作用。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词working，influence的副词为influentially“有影响地”。故填influentially。
10．考查宾语从句。句意：随着中国在世界舞台上扮演着越来越重要的角色，汉字正在全球范围内被学习，因为国际社会已经意识到流利地说汉语和漂亮地写汉字是多么重要。空处引导宾语从句，且从句为感叹句，修饰名词 “importance”，表示 “多么”，应用what构成感叹句并引导该从句。故填what。
03 高考溯源练
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. 1
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 2 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 3 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 4 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 5 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B．She has two children aged eight and four.
C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G．She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．F 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。
1．根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. (课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. (这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)”通过“Not only...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E项。
2．根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. (她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. (当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：“你好，今天过得怎么样？”即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. (完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”，“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。故选D项。
3．根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. (墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. (我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. (有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神。故选C项。
4．根据上文“Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at le
