新沂三中2023届高三英语限时练（3）
限时：40分钟
阅读理解
A
If you start a sentence with, “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.
“The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.”
“Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
“Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself,” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
1. What does the author say about people making decisions
A. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
B. They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves.
C. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
D. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
2. When do people feel less decision fatigue
A. When they take decision shortcuts. B. When they have advisers to turn to.
C. When they have major decisions to make. D. When they help others to make decisions.
3. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in
A. They avoid trying anything new. B. They turn to physicians for advice.
C. They tend to make risky decisions. D. They adopt a totally new perspective.
4. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making
A. It will enable people to be more creative. B. It will more often than not end in regret.
C. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired. D. It is likely to bring about serious consequences.
B
Modern zoos aim to promote animal conservation, educate people, and support further wildlife research. Staff are devoted to providing species specific housing and appropriate diets to ensure that the animals’ lives are as natural as possible within captivity (圈养).
In fact, most zoo animals have been born and bred in captivity. They have never experienced “the wild”, which many people assume is a wonderful and safe place, despite destruction of natural habits for palm oil threats from climate change or the increase in poaching.
There are two ways capturing animals helps conserve them. Zoo conservation work can be in-situ (在原处)where money: expertise and sometimes staff are provided to protect animals and their habitats in the wild. Large, charming animals such as pandas, tigers or elephants draw the crowds. These flagship species help to raise the image and funds for in-situ conservation efforts for the not so well known species
“Ex-situ” conservation, meanwhile, takes place outside of the animals’ natural habitats, usually back at the zoo and often involving international captive breeding programs. These studbooks(良种登记册) can outline suitable genetic matches for breeding, to keep a sustainable captive population of a certain species and ensure genetic variation.
In the UK a least, zoos must have a written education strategy and an active education programme.If you have been to an accredited (官方认可的) zoo recently you will have noticed they use games and technology to go way beyond these basic requirements.
Research within zoos often looks at animal behaviour or welfare helping to ensure the animals are well housed and fed. Other research investigates the impact humans have on the zoo animals from the visitor effect to the relationships which can be formed between the animals and their keepers. Research also focuses on biological functioning of animals. Much of this is work that cannot be conducted in the wild if the animals live in remote or inhospitable areas.
Overall, zoos provide opportunities to observe and engage with exotic (外国的) animals, many of which may be threatened with extinction in the wild. Seeing them up close can cause a passion for biology, conservation and the environment.
5. What do people think of “the wild”
A. It poses a danger to humans. B. It is perfect for large animals
C. It is an ideal habitat for animals. D. It guarantees the safety of animals.
6. What highlights “ex-situ” conservation
A. Saving the conservation cost. B. Attracting more visitors to zoos.
C. Keeping a species’ population stable. D. Changing the genes of a certain species.
7. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about
A. How zoo keepers get along with animals. B. How zoos can contribute to research work.
C. What researchers are expected to do in zoos. D. Why it is difficult to carry out research in the wild.
8. What is the author’s purpose in wring the text
A. To show zoos ways to raise animals. B. To stress modern zoos research value.
C. To defend zoos role in protecting animals. D. To advise zoos to release animals into the wild.
二、七选五
Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it's keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language.____1____Here's what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.
·Learn from diverse sources(not just apps)
Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources(来源) of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language ___2___
·Establish your purpose and plan your habits
Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable.____3____These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.
·Make it social
___4___I mean social for real. I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany you. Take an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Book a week away and attend a language school. Just don't forget your phone!
If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, evenings out, and a choice book or two proved extremely effective.___5__
A. I recommend it.
B. Remember that an app is just a tool.
C. No, I don't mean posting your progress online.
D. I encourage you to use apps as often as you can.
E. Probably not, so why do so in your new language
F. The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behavior.
G. However, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit.
三、完形填空
One day, Rosie, 15, who has profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD) found his current toy broken. It had ___1___ her since her second birthday. After all the attempts to fix it ___2___, her sister, Josie Wheel, decided to give social media a shot.
She posted a message on Titter asking for help to find a ___3___ model of the toy. “The toy had stopped being ___4___ by the company nearly a decade ago and we’re ___5___ the ones that work. We never expected the ___6___ to be so huge on the Internet,” said the 18-year-old from Coventry.
she said many warm-eared people were so determined to help just out of the goodness of their heart ___7___ they knew nothing about Rosie. About 15 substitutes had so far been ___8___, but people were still coming forward. It would __9___be closer to 30 which was amazing. People had also offered to fix the broken toys after they began to break due to so much _____10_____.
“Rosie doesn’t completely understand everything that’s going on, because of her ____11_____ but when she receives all of them next month and can physically see them I can imagine her ____12_____,” Lorraine Wheel, the girl’s mother,____13_____: “Josie and her sister have the strongest ____14_____ and Josie has done many things to ____15_____ that Rosie is the happiest girl ever. 1 couldn’t be more proud of her.”
1. A. humbled B. discouraged C. accompanied D. convinced
2. A. ended B. helped C. changed D. failed
3. A. specific B. separate C. cheap D. new
4. A. sold B. tested C. expected D. assigned
5. A. withdrawing from B. hunting for C. giving up D. taking over
6. A. problem B. difference C. response D. distribution
7. A. if B. once C. because D. though
8. A. received B. demanded C. promised D. purchased
9. A. probably B. temporarily C. regularly D. normally
10. A. pressure B. coverage C. applause D. usage
11. A. guilt B. frustration C. condition D. envy
12. A. excitement B. ambition C. proficiency D. hesitation
13. A. urged B. guaranteed C. comforted D. added
14. A. support B. bond C. will D. point
15. A. ensure B. imagine C. discover D. predict
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
XI’AN, Aug 13 (Xinbua) —A giant panda, ___1___ (name) Yongyong has given birth to twin cubs at a breeding base in northwest China’s Shaanxi Province, said the __2___ (province) forestry authority.
The male cubs, ___3__ (weigh) 150.4 grams and 134.5 grams, respectively, ___4___ they were born on Thursday at Qinling Giant Panda Research Center, and they are in good condition at present.
This is the second birth for Yongyong, ___5___ was also born at the center in 2014. Yongyong gave birth to her first cub on Aug 17, 2020, ___6___ (become) the youngest panda mother at the center.
The Qinling giant panda is a subspecies of giant panda first recognized in 2005. It has a smaller and rounder skull, shorter snout and less fur ___7___ the more familiar Sichuan subspecies.
Shaanxi began artificially raising Qinling giant pandas in ___8___ 1980s and __9___ (establish) a mature artificial breeding technology system. So far, a total of 34 giant panda cubs ____10____ (breed) in the province.
参考答案：
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍决策疲劳的概念、行为表现及后果，还说明了在决策中承担一定风险的重要性。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.（我们自己的决策能力可能会经历一整天后耗尽，导致我们犹豫不决或做出糟糕的选择，但为他人做选择是一项令人愉快的任务，此时不会遇到这种困难。）”可知，为他人做决策的时候不会觉得疲劳，而为自己做决定时，尤其是过了一整天，做了太多的决定后，就会变得十分疲劳。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.（但是当你在为他人做决定时，你就不会轻易产生决策疲劳。）”可知，当我们帮助他人做决定的时候，我们就没有感到决策疲劳。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的第三句“When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo.（人们变得决策疲劳时——当他们厌倦了做决定时——他们往往会选择维持现状。）”可知，人们变得决策疲劳时，他们往往会选择维持现状，也就是避免尝试新的事物。故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.（为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。）”可知，要想实现既定目标，在决策过程中冒一定的风险是十分重要的。故选C项。
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了动物园的主旨。动物园提供了观察和接触异国动物的机会，其中许多可能面临着野外灭绝的威胁。在动物园近距离观察它们会引起对生物学、保护和环境的热情。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They have never experienced “the wild”, which many people assume is a wonderful and safe place, despite destruction of natural habits for palm oil threats from climate change or the increase in poaching.(他们从未经历过“荒野”，尽管气候变化或偷猎的增加，威胁到了棕榈油，进而自然习惯遭到破坏，但许多人认为那里是一个美妙而安全的地方)”可知，人们认为荒野是个对于动物来说美妙且安全的地方。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Ex-situ” conservation, meanwhile, takes place outside of the animals’ natural habitats, usually back at the zoo and often involving international captive breeding programs. These studbooks(良种登记册) can outline suitable genetic matches for breeding, to keep a sustainable captive population of a certain species and ensure genetic variation.(与此同时，“迁地”保护发生在动物的自然栖息地之外，通常是在动物园内，并且经常涉及国际圈养繁殖计划。这些良种登记册可以勾勒出适合繁殖的遗传匹配，以保持特定物种的可持续圈养种群并确保遗传变异)”可知，迁地保护涉及国际圈养繁殖计划，保持特定物种的可持续圈养种群，也就是保持某一种类的数量的稳定。故选C项。
【14题详解】
段落大意题。根据第六段“Research within zoos often looks at animal behaviour or welfare helping to ensure the animals are well housed and fed. Other research investigates the impact humans have on the zoo animals from the visitor effect to the relationships which can be formed between the animals and their keepers. Research also focuses on biological functioning of animals.(动物园内的研究通常着眼于动物行为或福利，以帮助确保动物得到良好的安置和喂养。其他研究调查了人类对动物园动物的影响，从游客效应到动物与其饲养员之间可以形成的关系。研究还侧重于动物的生物学功能)”可知，这段主要讲述了关于动物园的一些研究工作。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Overall, zoos provide opportunities to observe and engage with exotic (外国的) animals, many of which may be threatened with extinction in the wild. Seeing them up close can cause a passion for biology, conservation and the environment.(总体而言，动物园提供了观察和接触异国动物的机会，其中许多可能在野外面临灭绝的威胁。 近距离观察它们会引起对生物学、保护和环境的热情)”可知，作者通篇介绍了动物园，最后一段做总结，动物园提供观察动物的机会，以及在动物园近距离观察它们会引起对生物学、保护和环境的热情。推知，作者是认可动物园在保护动物方面的作用。故选C项。
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。如今，应用程序正变得越来越流行，这是有原因的。他们可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你，无论是保持健康，与朋友交流，甚至是学习一门语言。文章主要介绍了一些在下载一款语言学习应用程序之前应该考虑的事情。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it’s keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language.(如今，应用程序正变得越来越流行，这是有原因的。他们可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你，无论是保持健康，与朋友交流，甚至是学习一门语言)”以及后文“Here's what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.(以下是你在下载一款语言学习应用程序之前应该考虑的事情)”可知，上文提到了应用程序的好处，后文则提到在下载之前应该考虑一些事情，故本句与上文构成转折，说明需要知道如何正确使用应用程序才能真正受益。G选项中them指代上文Apps。故G选项“然而，你需要知道如何正确地使用它们才能真正受益”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources of information, from newspaper and books to TV, radio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language (任何一个经验丰富的语言学习者都会告诉你，掌握一门外语的美妙之处在于它为你打开的世界。这是一个信息来源多样的世界，从报纸、书籍到电视、广播、音乐，甚至是真实的人。在你的母语中，你会把自己限制在一种媒介上吗)”可知，上文提到了学习语言有各种不同的媒体可供选择，且上文提出了一个反问句“你会把自己限制在一种媒体上吗？”，本句位于本段最后一句，应当承接上文回答这一问题，故E选“也许并不会，那么为什么不在你的新语言学习中也这么做呢？”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable.(你是想在几周内流利地说英语，还是想参加大脑训练？好的应用程序是设计来帮助你适应你的学习时间表)”以及后文“These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.(这些应用程序鼓励养成习惯，因为成功养成习惯可以确保你的安全定期回归)”可知，上文提到好的应用程序是设计来帮助你适应你的学习时间表，即好的应用程序可以自我调整，来适应使用者的习惯，F选项中the best apps对应后文中These apps。故F选项“最好的应用程序会根据你的行为进行自我调整”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据小标题“Make it social(使其具有社交性)”以及后文“I mean social for real.(我的意思是现实意义上的社交)”可知，后文提到了“使其具有社交性”真实的意义，可知本句应当是在说明与后文意思相反的情况，C选项中I don’t mean与后文I mean相对应。故C选项“不，我不是说在网上公布你的进展”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, evening out, and a choice book or two proved extremely effective.(坦率地说，app、language school、Jim、evening out和一两本精选书的结合证明是非常有效的)”可知，上文提到了一种有效的方法，言下之意，作者推荐这种做法，A选项中it指代上文the combination of。A选项“我推荐”符合语境，故选A。
第三部 分语言运用 (共两节满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(满分15分 共15题 每题1分)
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Rosie患有深度和多重学习障碍，一件陪伴她多年的玩具坏了，姐姐Josie Wheel试图修复没有成功，于是决定求助于社交媒体，最后得到许多人帮助的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从她两岁生日起，它就一直陪伴着她。A. humbled贬低；B. discouraged使灰心；C. accompanied陪伴；D. convinced确信。根据前文语境“One day, Rosie, 15, who has profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD) found his current toy broken.”和后文“since her second birthday”可知，这件玩具一直陪伴着她。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在所有试图修复它的尝试都失败后，她的姐姐Josie Wheel决定试一试求助社交媒体。A. ended结束；B. helped帮助；C. changed改变；D. failed失败。根据后文“decided to give social media a shot”可知，修复玩具的尝试失败了，才决定求助社交媒体。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在推特上发布了一条信息，请求帮助找到一个特定的玩具模型。A. specific具体的，特定的；B. separate分开的；C. cheap便宜的；D. new新的。根据前文“After all the attempts to fix it ___2___, her sister, Josie Wheel, decided to give social media a shot.”等内容可知，Josie想要找的是陪伴妹妹多年的特定的玩具。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司在近10年前就停止销售这种玩具了，我们正在寻找那些可以用的玩具。A. sold出售；B. tested测试；C. expected预期；D. assigned分派。根据语境和后文“we’re ___5___the ones that work”等可知，公司已经停止销售这种玩具了，他们不得不找别的。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：该公司在近10年前就停止销售这种玩具了，我们正在寻找那些可以用的玩具。A. withdrawing from退出；B. hunting for寻找；C. giving up放弃；D. taking over接管。根据前文“She posted a message on Titter asking for help to find”和后文“the ones that work”可知，公司已经停止销售这种玩具了，他们在寻找那些可以用的玩具。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们从未想到网上的反响会如此之大。A. problem问题；B. difference区别；C. response反应，反响；D. distribution分布。根据后文“She said many warm-hearted people were so determined to help just out of the goodness of their heart ___7___ they knew nothing about Rosie.”可知，Josie的求助在网上引起很大反响。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：她说，很多热心的人都是出于好心，决心帮助Rosie，尽管他们对Rosie一无所知。A. if如果；B. once一旦；C. because因为；D. though虽然。后文“they knew nothing about Rosie”和前文语义发生转折，故用though引导让步状语从句。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，约有15件替代玩具已经被承诺（寄过来），但人们仍旧主动提供帮助。A. received接收；B. demanded要求；C. promised承诺；D. purchased购买。基于前文的分析可知，Josie的求助在网上引起很大反响，根据前文“About 15 substitutes”可知，有人承诺要寄来替代的玩具。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：它可能会接近30件，这是惊人的。A. probably可能；B. temporarily暂时地；C. regularly有规律地；D. normally正常地。根据语境和后文“be closer to 30”，结合选项可知，这是可能达到的数目。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于玩具被玩得太频繁，开始出现故障后，人们还主动提出帮助修理坏了的玩具。A. pressure压力；B. coverage覆盖；C. applause掌声；D. usage使用。根据语境和前文“they began to break”可知，玩具被使用的太频繁，所以才开始出现故障。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为她的身体状况，Rosie不能完全理解发生的一切，但当她下个月收到所有的玩具，并能亲眼看到它们时，我可以想象她的兴奋。A. guilt内疚；B. frustration挫折；C. condition条件；状况；D. envy嫉妒。根据前文“Rosie, 15, who has profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD)”可知，Rosie患有深度和多重学习障碍的身体状况，因为她这种身体状况，她不能理解发生的一切。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为她的身体状况，Rosie不能完全理解发生的一切，但当她下个月收到所有的玩具，并能亲眼看到它们时，我可以想象她的兴奋。A. excitement激动；B. ambition志向；C. proficiency熟练；D. hesitation犹豫。根据语境和前文“when she receives all of them next month and can physically see them”可知，得到这么多玩具，Rosie肯定很兴奋。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩的母亲Lorraine Wheel补充说：“Josie和她的妹妹感情很深，Josie做了很多事情来确保Rosie是最快乐的女孩。我为她感到无比骄傲。”A. urged催促；B. guaranteed保证；C. comforted安慰；D. added增加，补充。根据前后引文及主语“Lorraine Wheel, the girls’ mother,”可知，此处指“母亲补充说”。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：女孩的母亲Lorraine Wheel补充说：“Josie和她的妹妹关系很深，Josie做了很多事情来确保Rosie是最快乐的女孩。我为她感到无比骄傲。”A. support支持；B. bond纽带，关系；C. will意志；D. point观点，论点，要点。根据后文“Josie has done many things to ___15___ that Rosie is the happiest girl ever”可知，姐妹俩关系非常紧密。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ensure确保；B. imagine想象；C. discover发现；D. predict预测。根据前文“Josie and her sister have the strongest ____14____ and Josie has done many things”和后文“that Rosie is the happiest girl ever”可知，Josie和妹妹关系很好，想确保妹妹快乐。故选A项。
第二节 语法填空(满分15分 共10题 每题1.5分)
【答案】36. named
37. provincial
38. weighed
39. when 40. who
41. becoming
42. than 43. the
44. has established
45. have been bred
